比较级和最高级讲解及练习题.doc

形容词和副词的概念
形容词：是修饰名词（人或事物），表示名词的性质，特征或属性一种词类。 它在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语
副词：用来修饰动词、形容词及其他副词的词叫副词。副词在句中多作状语.
形容词和副词的用法
①形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。如: a new book, two big trees 等。
特殊：如果形容词作定语修饰不定代词something, everything, nothing等时，要放在不定代词后面。 如:something interesting nothing new
②形容词放在系动词be 、look、 get、keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 grow、 smell等之后叫表语。如:1.I am short. 2.She looks fine. 3.They turn green.
③如果形容词作宾语补足语的情况I find him handsome. I think it easy to play soccer.
We should make our country strong. Please keep our classroom clean.
④副词放在所修饰的动词之后、形容词和副词之前。如果前面是行为动词，则后面用副词。如: 1.She works hard .（修饰动词） 2.I am very busy.（修饰形容词）
3.He runs too quickly .（修饰副词） 4.We play happily. （修饰动词）
⑤通常在形容词后加-ly变成副词。
slow → ______ real → ______ usual →______ careful→______
easy → ______ happy→ ______ heavy →______ angry→ ______
形容词和副词的级
形容词和副词有三个等级: 原级、比较级、最高级
1.原级：即形容词和副词的原形。
The box is small. They has many books. She is good . We work hard
程度副词very,too,so,quite等修饰形容词和副词的原级。
Yao Ming is very tall. It’s too/so hot today. The story is quite interesting.
2.比较级: 形容词比较级用于两者（人或事物）之间的比较，表示其中一个比另一个“更……”或“较……”，后面用连词than连接另一个所比较的人或事物。例如：
(1).That ruler is longer than this one. (2).Mary is younger than me (I).
3.最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。标志词：in+时间/空间范围, of +与主语同一类的人或物，表示“最……”的意思在形容词的最高级前必须加the; 副词之前可以不加。
Eg:I am the shortest in my family. She has the most books of all the students.
He runs fastest in my class. He is the tallest of the 3 boys.
4.比较级和最高级词的构成：
构 成 方 法
原 级
比 较 级
最 高 级
单音节词和少数双音节词
一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/
cold
colder
coldest
fast
faster
fastest
以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st
nice
nicer
nicest
large
larger
largest
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es或-est
big
bigger
biggest
hot
hotter
hottest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词，先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est
easy
easier
easiest
early
earlier
earliest
多音节词和部分双音节词

在词前加more或most

tired
more tired
most tired
easily
more easily
most easily
不规则变化
good/well→ → many/much → →

little → → bad/badly/ill→ →

far→ / → /
特殊情况：
①有些双音节和单音节形容词，既可以加er或est构成比较级和最高级，也可以加more 和most构成比较级和最高级。
friendly –friendlier-friendliest/more friendly-most friendly
②某些单音节形容词，加more, most 构成比较级和最高级。
glad – more glad – most glad pleased – more pleased – most pleased
tired – more tired – most tired often-more often- most often
写出下列词的比较级和最高级形式
long new cheap young
late safe thirsty hard
high few old expensive
interesting carefully quickly
比较级的具体用法：
（1） …than…
汤姆比杰克高. Tom is taller than Jack (is).
这只箱子要比那只箱子大. This box is bigger than that one (is).
那些苹果比这些大. Those apples are bigger than these ones(are).
第一个问题很容易,但第二个更容易.
The first question is very easy, but the second one is easier.
他跑得比我快He runs faster than I (do)/me.
她跳的比我高She jumps higher than I (do)/me.
他读得比我慢He reads more slowly than I (do)/me.
(2) 数量的比较
我的笔比你的多. I have more pens than you (do).
我喝的茶比他多. I drink more tea than he (does)/him.
他吃的饭比我多. He has more rice than I (do)/me.
一班的学生比二班多. There are more students in Class 1 than in Class 2.
我摘得苹果比Bill的多得多 There are more students in Class 1 than in Class 2.
特殊的比较级
1、表示在两者之间相差的程度用“具体数字+量词+比较级+ than+ 比较对象”。
The road is two metres longer than that one 这条公路比那条公路长两米。
This pencil is four inches shorter than that one 这只铅笔比那只铅笔短四英寸。
I’m 25 years older than you (are). 我比你大25岁
This tree is 3 meters taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高3米
2、比较级前面可以用even(更加)，much(……得多)，far(……得多)，a little(……一点)，a bit(一点)，a lot(大量)，still(还，还要)等词语表示不定程度或数量。
eg: I am even less lucky. She is far better than me at writing.
This pen is much better than that one. Tom is a little shorter than his friend Jim.
He runs much faster than me.
3.用less修饰adj、adv原级时表示：不如…，相当于not as….as
Eg: This question is less difficult than that one.
=This question is not as difficult as that one.
=That question is more difficult than this one.
Eg：Lucy is less popular than Lily.
=
=
4. 形容词的比较级 + and + 形容词的比较级 （前后形容词是同一个）表示：越来越…… Eg：She is becoming thinner and thinner.
Our country is becoming richer and richer.
There are more and more students in our school.
Living in the world is becoming more and more difficult.
He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。
5、the + 形容词的比较级 + …… ， the +形容词的比较级表示“ 越……，就越……”
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
The harder you study, the more you will get.
The smaller the house is, the less it will cost.
The sooner, the better.
The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。
6、the + 形容词比较级 + of+范围为2的短语：两者中比较……的一个
She is the prettier of the twins The bike is the older of the two.
His is the taller of the two boys. This one is the more beautiful of the two pictures.
7.表示“……是……的几倍”，用“倍数+as+原级+as”结构
eg: This classroom is three times as big as that one. 这个教室是那个教室的3 倍
I am 3 times older than you. 我是你们的3倍大
表示“比….多少倍” 用“倍数+比较级+than”结构。
Eg：This classroom is twice bigger than that one.这个教室比那个教室大2 倍
I am twice older than you 我比你们大2倍

①比较级必须在同类中进行，即人与人比，物与物比，而且比较结构前后的词语要对称，特别注意在than之后不要漏掉可能出现的替代词 that(代不可数名词） ，one（代可数名单） ,ones（代可数名复数）.
Eg：The new building is higher than the old one.
Those apples are bigger than these ones
The population of China is bigger than that of America.
②如果主语是物主代词+名词，那么后面要用名词性物主代词。
Eg：His shirt is more expensive than mine.
③many,much,little,few等词必须带名词。 Eg：I have more pens than you (do).
④than前后句子的时态相同。补充的谓语动词与前句子的谓动保持一致。而数要与后面主语保持一致。Than后也可以用宾格形式
Eg：Kate is more beautiful than Lily is. She is five years older than I am.
Kate is more beautiful than Lily. She is 5 years older than me.
I drink more tea than him.
最高级的用法
三个或三个以上的人或物之间 的比较。标志词：in+时间/空间范围, of +与主语同一类的人或物，表示“最……”的意思在形容词的最高级前必须加the;副词之前可不加。
Eg:I am the shortest in my family. She has the most books of all the students.
He runs fastest in my class. He is the tallest of the 3 boys.
最高级常见结构
① (…in…; …of…)
那个短发的女孩是我们班最高的. The girl with red hair is the tallest in our class
今天是一年中最热的一天. Today is the hottest day of the year.
他的房间是三个中最干净的一个. His room is the cleanest of the three.
上海是中国最大的城市. Shanghai is the largest in China.
②“主语+be+ one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of 短语”表示：“……是……中最……之一”。
Eg：Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 北京是中国最大城市之一。
China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中国是世界上最古老的国家之一
Yao Ming is one of the tallest persons in China
③the＋序数词＋最高级：表最…之第几
Eg：Chang Jiang river is the first longest river in China.长江是中国第一长江。
The yellow river is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二最长的河流
Kate is the third tallest student in our class.凯特是我班第三高的学生
④“特殊疑问词+谓语+最高级，甲，乙，or丙？”
Which country is the largest，China，Japan or Canada？
哪一个国家最大，中国，日本还是加拿大？
Which season do you like best，spring，summer or autumn？
你最喜欢哪一个季节，春天，夏天还是秋天？
Who is the tallest, Kate，Bill or Tom?
特殊的：比较级与最高级之间的互换
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。
=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer thanany other river in China.
=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.
Li lei is the tallest in his class.
=Li lei is taller than any other boy in his class.
=Li Lei is taller than the other boys in his class.
= Li Lei is taller than anyone/anybody else in his class.
He is the most talented in his family(同义句）他在他家是最有才华的

Shang Hai is bigger than ____________city in Sichuan.(填空）
Shang Hai is bigger than _______________city in China.(填空）
形容词比较级最高级练习题
一、写出下列形容词和副词的比较级与最高级形式。
tidy______________________hot____________________large__________________
thin___________good_________________bad_______________little______________
much_______________________fast_______________hard_______________
difficult_________________far_____________________carefully____________________easily________________often______________old_______________ 
 busy____________________many________________delicious______________________
long______________wide ______________ fat _____________ heavy_________________
slow______________few_____________badly______________quickly________________
happy________________unhappy_____________________young___________________
tall___________________short_______________strong__________________
big______________small_______________light_________________nice______________good_______________beautiful______________________low_____________
high________________late______________early_________________well_____________
二、用形容词的适当形式填空：        
1. He is _________ (bad) at learning maths.
He is much_______(bad) at Chinese and he is the  ______ (bad) at English.                       
2. Annie says Sally is the ________________ (kind) person in the world.             
3 A dictionary is much __________________ (expensive)  than a story-book.
4. An orange is a little ______ (big) than an apple,
but much ________ (small) than a watermelon.
5. Playing computer games is____ _____ _________________ of all the activities.(interesting).
6. Good health is _______ _______ _________________thing in life. (important)
7. She is__________ than all the other students. (young)
8. Where is the ______________bus-stop? (near) 
9. Tom drives much ________ ________________than John. (careful)
10. The white flower is ___________(beautiful). The yellow flower is ______ ___________ (beautiful) than the white flower. The red flower is the _____ _________________ of the three.
11.There are __________(many) new beauty spots here than in other cities of China.
12.This lesson is ___________(easy) than the last one.
13.Of the two girls I’m teaching , I find Nancy _____________(clever).
14.Gold is ______________(little) useful than iron.
15.My sister is two years ___________(old) than I.
16.I have ten dollars in my pocket at _____________(little).
17.A duck can certainly swim ___________(well) than a hen.
18.The boy runs almost as _______________(quickly) as his teacher.
19. Bob is  ________ ( young ) than Fred but _________ (tall) than Fred.                          
20. Yingtian is not as ___________  (tall) asYongxian.                                            
21. Almost all the students' faces are the same
but Li Deming looks___ (fat) than before .                                 
22.He is one of ____________________(friendly) people in the class, I think.
23.Miss Chen is __________ _____________than Mr. Wang. (popular)
24. Toronto is _____ ___________ city in Canada. (large)
25. The Nile(尼羅河) is ______ ______________river in the world. (long)
26. Taking a taxi is ______ ___________ way to get to the airport. (easy)
27. The window is ________ _____________ of the two. (narrow)
28. He is one of ________ ________ _______________artists. (famous)
29. Tom drives much ________ _____________than John. (careful)
30. I have ______(many) books in my class. But my teacher has _______(many) books than ____(I).
31.___________(they) house is much _____________(old) than ____________(we).
32. __________(she) dances ___________(well) than ___________(he).
33. The _____________ (cheap) bags are not usually the best ones.
34. This dress is ___________________________________ that one.
(twice, as…as…, expensive)
35.My eyes are _____________(big) than ________ (she)..
36. Saturday is my ___________ (busy) day in a week.
37. Her mother is getting ____________(fat) and ________ (fat).
38. I think it' s too expensive. I' d like a ______________ (cheap) one.
39. Practise as __________ (much) as you can.
40. The ________ (much), the ____________ (good).
41. The Yangtze River is very (long) .
In fact, it’s _______ river in China (long)
三、选择正确答案：
 1.  China is ________ country in the world.
    A. the third largest B. the largest third C. the third large D. a third largest
 2. -Which is ____ season in Beijing?-I think it's autumn.
　　A.good            B.better           C.best               D.the best
3. The___ you work, the more you will learn.
A. hard B. harder C. hardest D. hardly
4. When a machine is started, at first it runs slowly, and then____.
A. fast and fast B. faster and faster C. fast and faster
5. They competed(竞争着) to see who could work ______________.
A. the fastest B. the faster and better C. fastest and better D. faster and best
6. He feels ________ today than yesterday.
A. tireder B. more tired C. much tired D. the tireder
7. We must arrange everything______ well ______we can.
A. so…as B. so…so C. as…so D.as…as
8. _______haste, _____speed.
A. More ,less B. Much, little C. The more, the less D. The much, the little
9. A pig is __ than a dog.
A. much heavy 　　B. more heavier C much heavier 　　D. more heavy
10. The city is becoming ______.
A. more beautiful and more B. more beautiful and beautiful
C. more and more beautiful D. more beautiful and beautifuler
11. The Changjiang River is one of ____ in the world.
A. the longest river B. longest rivers C. the longest rivers D. longer rivers
12. Li Ming speaks Chinese _____ better than me.
A. very B. more C. a lot of D. much
13. Of the two toys, the child chose_____.
A. the more expensive one B. one most expensive
C. a least expensive D. the most expensive of them
14. The earth is _____ the moon.
A. as 49 times big as B. 49 times as bigger as
C. 49 times as big as D.as big as 49 times
15. The book is ____ of the two.
A. thinner B. the thinner C. more thinner D. the thinnest
四.翻译句子：
1．本书跟那本书一样有趣。 This book is _____ ____________ _____ that one.
2． 你游泳没有你弟弟好。 You can’t swim ______ _______ _____ your brother.
3． 今天比昨天冷的多。 It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.
4． 他比我大两岁。 He is ______ ________ __________ than I.
5． 这个故事不如那个有趣。 This story is ________ _________ than that one.
6． 她的身体状况一天天好起来。 He is getting ________ ______ __________ every day.
7.他对英语越来越感兴趣He is becoming _______ _____ ________ ________________ ______ English.
8.他吃的越多，人越胖。 The more he eats, the _______ he gets.
9.你的问题是两个中比较难的那个 Your question is _______ ________ ____________ of the two .
10.多做运动，你会更强壮。
________ more exercise，you’ll________ _________ soon.
11.我喜欢游泳。我所有的朋