英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词.docx

英语动词可以分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
一、延续性动词
延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如：
1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．
自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。
2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。
3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。

二、终止性动词
终止性动词又称为瞬间动词或非延续性动词，它表示的动作不能延续，也就是说动作一旦发生就立即结束，并产生某种结果。常见的这类动词有：accept，arrive，become，begin，borrow，break，buy，catch，close，come，die，end，fall，finish，get，give，go，join，leave，put，reach，receive，shut，start，stop等。终止性动词用在现在完成时要注意下面三点：
（一）终止性动词可直接用来表示某一动作的完成。例如：
1．They have reached Shanghai．他们已经到达了上海。
2．Has he gone to London? 他已经到伦敦去了吗?
（二）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以，在现在完成时中一般不能和以since，for等引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。例如：
1．那老人已经死了一周了。The old man has died for a week．(误)
2．他三天前就已经来这儿了。He has come here since three days ago．(误)
在以上两句中，die和come都是终止性动词，可用于现在完成时，但不能与以
since或for引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。那么，上面两个句子应该怎样译成英语呢?请看下面四种译法：
1．把终止性动词改为延续性的动词。例如：
①The old man has been dead for a week．
②He has been here since three days ago．
2．把原句中的一段时间改为表示“过去”的时间，时态由现在完成时改变成一般过去时。例如：
①The old man died a week ago．
②He came here three days ago．
3．用“It is+时间+since…”句式。例如：
①It is／has been a week since the old man died．
②It has been／is three days since he came here．
4．用“多长时间+has passed+since…”句式。例如：
①A week has passed since the old men died．
②Three days had passed since he came here．

(三)有关特殊终止性动词的用法。
1．在while(表示一段时间)引导的从句里，谓语动词不能使用终止性动词，但可以把while改成when，这样，从句里的谓语动词就可以使用终止性动词了。因为when既可以表示时间的“点”，又可以表示时间的“段”。例如：
While he got to America．he found his English Was very poor．(误)
When he got t0 America．he found his English was very poor．(正)
2．终止性动词的否定式与until连用时，意为“直到……才／不到什么时间不……”等。例如：
Don’t get off until the bus stops．车未停稳，切勿下车。
3．终止性动词不可以与how long引导的句式连用。例如：
How long have you borrowed the magazine?(误)
When did you borrow the magazine?(正)
How long have you kept the magazine?(正)
延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

瞬间动词，也叫终止性、结束性动词。表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。如：close, leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下)，fall ill(病倒)，get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold等。这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词，
但是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用，它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。
延续性：live,eat,drink,lie,sit,sleep,walk,run,talk,chat,wear,wash,brush,bathe,breathe,do,make,write,speak,use,travel,ride,play,swim,climb,sing,laugh,smile,continue,last,wait,stay,work,have,look,listen,watch,cook.
瞬间性：open,close,turn,get,arrive,reach,leave,move,come,go,buy,sell,borrow,lend,jump,break,die,put on,put off,stop,solve,pay,refuse,see,hear,find.

终止性动词 → 延续性动词：
borrow → keep buy / get → have move (to) → live / be (in/at)… receive / get a letter from // hear from → have a letter from
begin / start to do → doget / turn / become + adj. → be + adj. die → be dead open → be open close → be closed wake → be awake
fall ill → be ill fall asleep / get to sleep → be asleep
get up → be up turn on / off → be on / off
begin / start (开演) → be on finish / end / complete → be over
come / get / arrive here → be here go / get / arrive there → be there
leave / start (出发) → be away come / go / get back // return → be back
come to / go to / get to / arrive in / arrive at / reach → be in / at…
go to school → be at school / be a student
join the army → be in the army / be a soldier
join the Party → be in the Party / be a Party member / be a member of the Party

延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：leave --- be away, borrow --- keep, buy --- have, begin/start --- be on, die --- be dead, finish --- be over, join --- be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, open sth --- keep sth open, fall ill --- be ill, get up---be up, catch a cold --- have a cold, come here --- be here, go there --- be there, become --- be, come back --- be back, fall asleep --- be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in), leave --- be away from, get to know --- know, go (get) out →be out， put on→ wear；catch a cold →have a cold等。 例:The old man died 4 years ago. ----The old man has been dead for 4 years. ---- It is 4 years since the old man died. ----Four years has passed since the old man died. He joined the Party 2 years ago. -----He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago. ---- I have had the book for 5 days.