被动语态讲解资料.doc

被动语态讲解

语法点拨
一、被动语态概述
　　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：______语态和_______语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的_____者，被动语态表示主语是动作的______者。一般说来，只有及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。如：
　　They didn’t offer Ann the job. （主动语态）
　　Ann wasn’t offered the job. （被动语态）
　　安没得到这份工作。
二、被动语态的构成
　　被动语态由“助动词_____+及物动词的__________”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变____的形式，__________部分不变。
三、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词do为例）
1．一般现在时（____________+done）
2．一般过去时(____________ +done)
3．一般将来时与过去将来时(______________+done/_ ______________be +done)
4．现在进行时与过去进行时(_______________ +done/ _______________ +done)
5．现在完成时(_________________ + done)
6.含有情态动词的被动语态 ：情态动词+be+过去分词　　
三、被动语态的用法：
1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者。
　　The old bridge was built many years ago. 这座古桥是许多年前建造的。
2、强调动作的承受者。
　　动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，也可省略。
　　Your plan is considered to be the best. 你的计划被认为是最好的。
3、动作的执行者是无生命的事物。
The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。
四、主动语态变为被动语态
1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：
　　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语，如果主动句的宾语是代词，需变为主格。
　　（2）将动词改为“be+过去分词”，be与新主语的人称和数一致，时态不变。
　　（3）将主动语态的主语前加by放在谓语动词后，如果原主语是代词，要变为宾格。
　 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
　　 （1）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态 有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
　　　　 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。
　　　　 We were told the truth by Jack.
　　　　 The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
　　（2）含有宾语+宾语补足语的句子，变成被动句后原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语了；
　　　　 注意：不带to的不定式作宾语补足语时，变成被动时要加上to。
make /see/feel/hear/notice sb. do sth.
　　　　 I heard Emily sing the song just now.
　　　　 → Emily was heard to sing the song just now.
　　　　 我刚才听见艾米莉唱这首歌了。
(3) 动词的主动形式表示被动之意
某些连系动词，如：look, feel, smell，sound, prove等。
(4) 不用于被动语态的动词
如happen，cost . An accident happened yesterday. 昨天发生了一起事故。

　巩固练习
1. He_____________some pieces of advice, but he__________to them.
　　A. gave, didn’t listen　　　 B. was given, wasn’t listened
　　C. give, wasn’t listened　　 D. was given, didn’t listen
2. A lot of tall buildings______________in his hometown in the last three years.
　　A. have set up　 B. have been set up　　 C. were set up　 D. set up
3. Great changes______________place. Many new schools ______________.
　　A. have taken, have been opened　　　B. take, are open
　　C. are taken, open　　　　　　 　　　D. have been taken, are opened
4. We can’t use the bridge now, because it______________.
　　A. has been repaired　 B. is repairing　 C. is repaired　 D. is being repaired
5. I______________the way to the railway station by a policeman.
　　A. was shown　　 B. showed　　 C. have shown　 D. was showing
6. The war the old soldier remembers very well ______________in 1941.
　　A. broke out　　　　　B. had been broken out
　　C. was broken out　　 D. had broken out
7. When water______________, it will be changed into vapour.
　　A. is heated　　　B. heating　　 C. has heated　　 D. heats
　　A. locked　　 B. locks　　 C. is locked　　 D. is locking

8. They_____day and night, so they had no time to stay with their families.
　　A. are made work　　　　 B. are made to work
　　C. made to be worked　 　D. are making to work
9. Man-made satellites______________into space by many countries.
　　A. was sent up　　　　 　　B. is sent up
　　C. have been sent up　　 　D. has been sent up
10. A strange thing _____ in our school yesterday.
A. was happened　B. has been happened　　
C. happened　 D. was going to happen
被动练习（二）
11. — It is said that another new car factory _____ now.
　　　　— Yeah. It _____ one and a half years.
　　A. is building； is taken 　　　　B. is being built； will take
　　C. is built； will take 　　　　　D. is being built； takes

12. — What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _____ in Shanghai?
　　　　— Well, I don’t care such things.
　　A. was made　　　 B. is made 　C. has been made 　D. had been made

13. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I ____ the cloth ____ well.
　　A. have told； washes　　　　 B. have been told； washes
　　C. was told； washed　　　　　D. have been told； is washed

14. In some parts of the world, tea ____ with milk and sugar.
　　A. is serving　　　 B. is served　　　 C. serves　　　 D. served

15. The new dictionaries are very useful. They ____ well and _______ already.
　　A. sell, have been sold out　　　　 B. sold, had sold out
　　C. sell, sell out 　　　　　　　　　D. are sold, have been sold out

16. The train ____ arrive at 11:30, but it was an hour late.
　　A. was about to 　　 　B. was likely to　　　
C. was supposed to 　　　D. was proved to

17. The teacher told his students that they ____ to be useful men to the country.
　　A. were all expected 　　　　B. were all expecting
　　C. all were expected 　　　　D. all expected

18. —Why did you leave that position?
　 —I __________ a better position at IBM.
　　A. offer 　　　B. offered 　　　C. am offered　　　 D. was offered

19.All the employees except the manager ______to work online at home.
A. encourages        B. encourage        
C. is encouraged     D. are encouraged

20 A library with five thousand books _______to the nation as a gift.
A. is offered   B. has offered
C. are offered     D. have offered

21. Hundreds of jobs ______if the factory closes.
A. lose                 B. will be lost         
C. are lost             D. will lost

22.——Where did you go last night?

——I_____ to go to Li Lei’s birthday party.

A. invited B. am invited C. have been asked D. was invited

23.I think high school students should ______pocket money. They can buy

their favorite school things.

A. be giving B. have given C. give D. be given

Ⅱ把下列句子改为被动语态
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.

2. You can find a lot of differences。

3. Do you water your flowers every day?

4. The wind blew down the big tree last night.

5. They would not take him to Beijing.

6. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.

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