定语从句简案.doc

一、基本概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now?
That is the house where he lived ten years ago.
注意：
（1）定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；
（2）定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
（3）★引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose，as
★关系副词有：when, where, why.

（一）关系代词的用法：
关系代词引导的定语从句, 关系代词引导定语从句时，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等句子成分。
指代对象
在从句中所做的成分
人
物
人+物
可否省略
主语
who/that
which/that
that
不可
宾语
who/whom/that
which/that
that
可
表语
that
that
that
可
定语
whose/of whom
whose/of which

不可
1．★作定语用whose =the+ n+ of of which
=of which the + n
注意： “介词 + whose +名词”引导定语从句。
(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.
(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
I love my motherland, for whose good future I will work hard.
门是蓝色的那间房是我的。

2．★作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。
★as在定语从句中的用法::：as可以引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
（1）. as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如，就像”之意。它在从句中可充当主语、宾语或表语。
注意：★the same…that与the same…as在意思上是不同的。
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday.
这个书包和我昨天丢的相似。（相似物）
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday.
这正是我昨天丢的那个书包。（同一物
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点：
1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构：
when = on (in, at, during…) + which;
where = in (at, on…) + which;
why = for which.
★ 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where试比较：
I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory where radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts.

4．★as 和which 引导定语从句的区别
★ 有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分，这时一般采用which或as来引导。
I don’t like the way_______he is treated
The way___________you thought of to solve the problem is very useful
Please find a way _________is the key to solving the problem
The reason_____I was late was that I was caught in a traffic jam
I don’t believe the reason_________he gave for his being late
9. 在下列情况下，一般只用of whom和of which。
(1) 定语从句的主语是few, little, some, most, many, much等时，一般只用of whom和of which。
In the room are lots of people, many of whom I don’t know.
He has a lot of story-books, a few of which I have never read.
(2) 定语从句的主语是数词、形容词的最高级时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
The old man has three children, two of whom are college students and one of whom is a manager. 那个老人有三个小孩，其中两个是大学生，另一个是经理。
(3) 定语从句的主语是all, none, both, neither, each等不定代词时，一般只用of whom和of which。如There are fifty students in our class, all of whom are working hard.
He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing well.
(4) 在定语从句中作表语的定语时，一般只用of whom和of which。如：
He has three brothers, of whom Li Lei is the youngest one.
There are many countries in Asia, of which China is the largest one.
10、表示部分与整体of which/whom
在非限制性定语从句中，★表示“部分与整体”的关系时，用…of which/whom或者of which/whom…都可以。表示部分的可以是具体数目或百分数，也可以是few, several, some, half, many, much, most, all, none, either, neither, a quarter, a number, the larger, the smallest, the majority等。
Our school has 80 teachers, 50 of whom (=of whom 50) are women.
He has lots of books, most of which are English ones.
注意这里的of which不能用whose代替，这与表示所属关系的of which不同：
The room the door of which (=whose door) is blue belongs to me.
11、注意：先行词虽然是时间或地点，但若在定语从句中作主语或宾语时，要用关系代词。
(1)The factory where his father worked has closed. (作状语)
比较：The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed.
(2)I’ll never forget the days when we lived together. (作状语)
比较：I’ll never forget the days (that) we spent in Australia. (作及物动词spent的宾语)
(3)The reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat. (作状语，用关系副词)
比较：The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. (作gave的宾语，用关系代词)
12、★关系词的选择方法
(1)一看先行词的意义
即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因，如指物时不能用who或whom，指人时通常不用which等。
(2)二看关系词的句法功能
即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分，是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等，
如作定语通常用whose，有时也用which；作状语要用when, where, why。
注意，不要一看到先行词为表时间、地点、原因的名词，就认为一定要用 when, where, why 来引导定语从句，要注意分清它们在定语从句充当什么成分。如
I forget the time when he will come.(when 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)
I forget the time that he told me. 我忘记了他告诉我的时间。(that 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)
The reason why he can’t come is that he is ill.
他不能来的原因是他病了。(why 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作状语)
The reason that he told me is not true.
他告诉我的原因不真实。(that 引导定语从句，在定语从句中用作宾语)
(3) 三看定语从句的种类