特殊句式提纲回顾.doc

特殊句式提纲回顾 强调句型1. 陈述句形式 It is / was + 被强调的部分+ that(被强调的部分是人或物时)/ who/that(被强调的部分是人时) /that(被强调的部分是物时)+除被强调部分以外的句子成分。被强调的部分可以是主语，宾语和状语，但不能是定语和谓语。It is professor Wang who teaches me English. It was him that we met at the school gate. It was in 1939 that the Second world War broke out.(1)It was five oclock _ he finished the work. A. that B. when C. which D. since(2)It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B that. C. which D. there被强调的部分也可以是主语从句，宾语从句和状语从句。I just wonder it is what he does that makes him so excited. It was only when I reread his poems recently that I began to appreciate their beauty. (1)It is _ he often fails in exams _makes his parents worried about him.A. what ; that B. that; what C. that; that D./ ; that 2. 一般疑问形式Is / was it + 被强调的部分+ that(被强调的部分是人或物时)/ who/that(被强调的部分是人时) /that(被强调的部分是物时)+除被强调部分以外的句子成分? Was it during the Anti-Japanese War that he died? Could it be in the restaurant in which you had dinner with me yesterday that you lost your ceremony?Was it from the lake _ he often went fishing _ he saved the drowning girl? A. that; that B. where; where C. where; that D. that; where3. 特殊疑问形式疑问词+is/ was it + that + 其他句子成分?Who was it that broke the window? When was it that you called me yesterday?What is it that you want me to do? How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?(1)-_that he managed to get the information? - Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Why was it(2)-_ was it _ they discovered the entrance to the cave of the ancient paintings? - Its a total coincidence. A. How; that B. What; that C. when; when D. where; that 4. 强调句型中的is /was前面可用must /may /might等表推测的情态动词。It might be his father that you are thinking of. It must have been his brother that you saw.5. not -until 句型的强调句 其强调句式为: It is/ was not until + 被强调部分+that+ 其他成分.It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. 思考：如果去掉It was that 该如何改写这两句呢？6. 强调句型的判断判断强调句型的使用是否正确的方法是将强调结构去掉，如果去掉强调结构后的句子仍然正确，强调句型就正确，否则就不正确.例8：It was six years ago that he went to Tokyo. 析：该句强调句型使用正确，因为去掉强调结构后，该句仍然是一正确句子。即：Six years ago he went to Tokyo. - where did you get to know her? - It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. A. when B. before C. since D. that 7. 强调句与其他从句的混用. 强调句和时间状语从句的混用 It was in 1988 when he was in middle school that he was nearly drowned.强调句和定语从句的混用It was in Beihai Park where they made a date that the old couple told us their love story.强调句和名词性从句的混用It was at the very beginning that Mr Smith made a decision that we should send for a doctor.（1） Was it _she heard with her ears _really made her frightened?A. what；that B. it; that C. that; which D. what；/ (2) It is in this very village, _ Mary was born 35 yeas ago, _she will build her first school, _inspires everyone to help her. A. where; that; which B. that; that; that C. that; when; which D. where; when; that8. 其他形式的强调: 助动词do 对谓语动词的强调 Do come this evening. He did write to you last week. Tom does study hard. 省 略1. 定语从句中的省略定语从句中作宾语的关系代词that, which, whom常可以省略,当先行词是time, reason, place时,做状语的关系副词也可以省略,当先行词是表示方位的the way时,关系词在从句中作状语时,从句应用that, in which来引导,或将它们全部省略. This is the first time he has trouble with the boss. I dont like the way you laugh at her.2. 宾语从句的省略 连接词that 一般可以省略,但是如果that 引导两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句时,只有第一个that 可以省略. He said (that) the Anti-secession Law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao had signed a presidential order.3.状语从句的省略当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句中的主语和系动词be.Once a teacher, he now works in a government office.Work hard when young, or you will regret.He looked everywhere as if in search of something. While walking along the street, I heard my name called.The exhibition is more interesting than expected Faced with a bill for$10,000, _.A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job 当从句中的主语是it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be时,可以把it和系动词be一起省略. Unless necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.-Have you got any particular plans for the coming holiday?-Yes, _, Im going to visit some homes for the old in the city. A. If ever B. If busy C. If anything D. If possible用so或not 代替上文内容.Get up early tomorrow. If not, you will miss the first bus. He may not be at home then. If so, leave him a note.4. 不定式省略,单独使用不定式符号to I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to. I didnt want to go there, but I had to. - will you join in the game? - Id be glad to. -Shall I go instead of him? - I prefer not to.- Are you a sailor? - No, but I used to be. - He hasnt finished yet. -well, he ought to have.注意： be, have, have been 这些在不定式之后不能省。5. 动词不定式to的省略 主语部分有to do ,谓语动词是be时,作表语的不定式常省去to. What I want to do now is lie down and have a rest.作介词but, except, besides的宾语,前面又有实义动词do时,常省略不定式to. They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.See/watch/notice/hear/listen to/look at/ have/make/let/observe等词后接不定式作宾语补足语时,省略不定式to. 倒装一 完全倒装1. 在there引导的句子中There was a time when all scientists were willing to share their results.About 2,300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristole.2. 当句首有副词here, there, out, in, on, up, down, away, back, now, then 等，谓语动词为go, come, run等表示位置的动词而且主语是名词时。这时谓语动词只能为一般现在时或者一般过去时，不能用进行时态等。Out rushed the girl.Down came the long brown waves.There goes the bell.Then followed three days of heavy rain.但是如果主语是代词时仍用陈述语序。 There he comes./ Here it is.3. 当句首为表示地点的介词短语，为了保持句子平衡，使上下文衔接紧密时。On the wall hang two large portraits.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctors voice: “ Good morning.”Inside the pyramids are the rooms for the bodies of kings and queens.4. 表语位于句首时，倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。例如：Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Gone are the days when they could do what they like to the Chinese people.Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.二 部分倒装常用于下例句型1. 当so位于句首为“也如此”时，neither, nor 位于句首“也不”讲时，要用部分倒装。The boy died, and a week later, so did his sister.I didnt read the notice on the bulletin board, nor did he. - I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible! - _. A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. The same with me D. So do I 但so是的后面也可以用“主语+助动词”来表示赞同或重复加强语气 “ I will turn it in first.” She decided. And so she did.2. 当句首的状语由only+副词/介词短语以及only+状语从句时，后面的句子要倒装。 Only then did I realize that I was wrong. Only after being asked three times did he answer me. 注意：当only强调主语时，句子不倒装。 Only a few very important people knew about it.3. as引导的让步状语从句用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语或状语等放在as的前面，though引导的让步状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装。 Proud as these nobles are, they are afraid to see me. Much as I like it, I will not buy it. Beautiful though the necklace was, we thought it was overpriced so we didnt buy it. 如果从句中的表语是名词，其名词前不加冠词。 Child as he was, he had to make a living by himself.4. so 修饰形容词或副词，放在句首时要用倒装语序。 So badly was he injured in the accident that he was sent to the hospital for treatment immediately. So loudly did the students read their lessons that people could hear them out in the street. So frightened was he in the darkness that he did not dare to move an inch.5. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，句子要倒装。（1） 句首有否定词not, never, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, in no way, by no means, nowhere, at no time等。 Not a single mistake did he make. Little does he care about what others think. Nowhere else in the world can there be such a quiet, beautiful place. Never shall I forget the years when we lived together._ got into the room _ their telephone rang.A. He hardly had; then B. Hardly had he; whenC. He had not; than D. Not had he; when 总结：一.就.句型：_(2) 以not until开头的句子Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.(3) 以not only .but also. Neither.nor 连接的并列句Not only was everything he had taken away from him, but also this German citizenship.Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so. Not only_ polluted but _ crowded. A. was the city; were the streets B. the city was; were the streets C. was the city; the streets were D. the city was; the streets were 6. 在if引导的虚拟语气条件句中，如果 谓语动词含有were, had, 或should时，可以省掉if, 把were, had 或者should提到主语之前，构成部分倒装 Were I in your position, I would not go. Had he found it, he would have sent it. Should it rain tomorrow, I would not go climbing.祈使句和感叹句一、祈使句1 否定句和强调句Dont be so sure. Never come late. Please dont forget to take your medicine.Do come on time this evening. Do be careful!(1) _some of the juiceperhaps youll like it. A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried(2) Please do me a favor- _ my friend Mr. Smith to Youth Theatre at 7:30 tonight. A. to invite B. inviting C. invite D. invited 2. 带主语的祈使句 为了加强语气或特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时，需要加主语“you”,有时还可以同时加呼语： Tom, you water the flower! 还可以用“everybody, everyone, somebody, someone”等，它们的位置可以放在句首，也可以放在句末，放在句首时，即使不用逗号与谓语动词部分分开，谓语动词也不受“第三人称一般现在时单数+s”规则的影响 Someone answer the phone! Be quiet, everyone!3. 祈使句+and+称述句= if ., +主句 祈使句+or+称述句= if nor., +主句 Work hard and you will succeed! Hurry up or we will be late! One more minute and I will finish it!一 感叹句1 基本构成形式 What + (a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语 What a clever boy he is! What beautiful flowers these are! What sweet water it is! How+形容词/副词+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语 How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 How difficult a problem is! How high the mountain is!2. 省略形式的感叹句 How 直接修饰谓语动词： How+主语+谓语： How we love our motherland! 省略主语和谓语： What an interesting book! How wonderful!替 代一、名词性替代 用名词性替代词one (s), the same, the kind, the sort等所表示的替代现象叫做名词性替代。 1名词性替代词 例1：The child doesnt like this book. Show him a more interesting one. (one = book) 2. one 和 ones是最常见的替代词 one的复数形式是ones. one 和ones作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词， 不可用来替代不可数名词。 例如： The grey horse is stronger than the black one. The new design is much better than the old ones. 4名词性物主代词mine，yours 名词性物主代词mine, yours等可用来代替my +名词，your +名词等，例如： “Whose is that coat?” “Its mine.” 二、动词性替代 用动词替代词do，do so等所表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代。 1谓语的替代形式 do是谓语的替代形式，有时态和人称的变化。例如： Some people like a shower after they have played tennis. Peter does, for example. John speaks German as fluently as Mary does. 2由do，so等组成的复合替代形式 （1）“so +助动词+主语”。例如： “Mary will enter the university in September.” “So will Joan.” （2）“so +主语+助动词”。例如： “Ive been to Beijing.” ”So you have.” 注：这种结构中第二句的主语与第一句的主语是同一个人，否则应像“so +助动词+主语”的结构一样，主谓要倒装。 （3）“主语+（助动词+）do + so”。例如： - “Have you sent your plan to the committee?” - “I did so yesterday.” （4）“主语+（助动词+）do + that”。例如： -“Do you know who broke the television set?” -“I heard John did that.” （5）“主语+（助动词+）do + it”。例如： “My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President.” ”I did it last week.” 注：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示相同的看法时，则用“neither / nor +do +主语”。此时，do 不是动词替代词，而是助动词。例如： Mary didnt like English, neither did her brother. 三、分句性替代 用分句替代词so或not替代整个分句的现象叫做分句性替代。例如： Many people believe that there will be another world war before the end of the century. My father think so, but I believe not. 1分句替代词so或not可替代that从句 so可用来替代肯定的that从句，not替代否定的that从句，它们常与Im afraid, believe, expect, fear, guess, hope, suppose, think等词语搭配。例如： 1）“Have we got enough money?” “I think so.” 2）“Were not going to be in time.” “No, I suppose not.” 2. so与not可用来代替if 后面的从句 例1：Are you free this evening? If so, come and have a drink with us. 例2：Are you busy this afternoon? If not, I wish you would stay with me for a while. 3用it, this, that, such作为替代词 例1：If you dont work hard, youll regret it. (regret it = regret not working hard) 例2：He was very tired. This explains why he went to bed early. 例3：Youre trying to cut with the back of the knife; thats a silly thing to do. 例4：I may hurt your feelings, but such (= that) was certainly not my intention. 特殊句式经典练习 1. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! A. What a dangerous sceneB. What dangerous a scene C. How a dangerous sceneD. How dangerous the scene2. In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be3. You have failed two tests. Youd better start working harder, _you wont pass the course. A. and B. so C. but D. or 4. that Maric was able to set up new branches elsewhere. A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her businessC. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business5. It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was until; when B. was until; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that6. _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. 2007 重庆卷A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strangeC. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound7. Help others whenever you can _ you will make the world a nicer place to live in. Aand Bor Cunless Dbut8. I really dont know _ I had money stolen. A. when was it that B. that it was when C. where it was that D. it was where that9. Mary, _here - everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 10. How many years is ityour sister came to work here A. after B. since