笔译课总汇-超全PPT课件.ppt

翻译理论与实践KevinShen1.IntroductionArrangements:TranslationTheoriesTranslationTechniquesTranslationPractice(InClass:CATTI&NAETI)Homework:translating1passagein2weeks2.IntroductionTheprospectoftranslationindustry3.翻译证书考试全国翻译专业资格考试(CATTI)全国外语翻译证书考试(NAETI)4.HistoryThe origin of translation:InEurope:theliberatedGreekslaveLiviusAndronicusrenderedOdysseyintoLatinverseinabout240B.C.InChinatherecordoftranslationdatesbacktoZhouDynasty(1066B.C.-256B.C.)东方曰寄，南方曰象，西方曰狄鞮，北方曰译.-礼记王制5.KeyWordsinTranslationsourcelanguagetargetlanguageequivalent6.DefinitionThe Definition of TranslationTranslationisthecommunicationofthemeaningofasource-languagetextbymeansofanequivalenttarget-languagetext.TheOxfordCompaniontotheEnglishLanguageTranslatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-language,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.EugeneA.NidaTranslationmaybedefinedasfollow:thereplacementoftexuralmaterialinonelanguagebyequivalenttexuralmaterialinanotherlanguage.CatfordTranslationisthetransfermationofatextoriginallyinonelanguageintoanotherequivalenttextinadifferentlanguageretaining,asfaraspossible,thecontentofthemessageandtheformalfeaturesandfunctionalrolesoftheoriginaltext.RogerBell7.CriterialFaithfulnessExpressivenessElegance8.DifferentTranslationModels9.10.11.12.13.功能目的论与应用翻译功能目的论SkoposTheory/ScoposTheory14.Sanarasnaturallyderivedformulationbringouttheshineandsmoothnessinyourhair,leavingitmanageableandhealthy.YouwontactuallyseehowkindSanaraistotheenvironment,soitdoesntpollutewaterorsoil.Andnaturally,thepackagingisrecyclable.15.莎拉娜是由天然配方精制而成，能使头发健康，光泽柔顺，易于梳理。莎拉娜系列都是具有生物降解特性，包装可回收利用，对水土、环境不会造成污染。莎拉娜，呵护您的秀发，爱护您的健康。天然配方，令秀发光泽柔顺。情有独钟，莎拉娜。生物降解，不上水土，爱护自然，数她第一。16.TranslationPracticeTherearelotsofvolcanoesandanexoticanimalkingdomtoexplore,yetfewpeopleoutsidetheregionknowofthem.TheviewintothecrateroftheMasayaVolcanoinNicaraguaisabreathtakingexperience,enlivenedbytheaccompanyingstrongsmellofsulphurandtheloudscreamingofparrots.Yetthecarparkontheedgeofthecraterisnearlyempty.Thisisaboonfordaringtravelerswhocanenjoyallthebeautywithouthavingtoshareitwithhordesofothersvisitors.17.Translation那里有太多的火山和珍禽异兽有待探寻，可是它们却鲜为外人所知。当你往尼加拉瓜的玛莎雅火山口望进去的时候，你会倒吸一口冷气，但是当你闻到那股浓烈的硫磺味，听到鹦鹉尖厉的叫声时，你又会回过神来，惊叹它的壮美。然而火山口附近的停车场却几乎空无一人。这是给勇敢者的一种奖赏，他们可以尽情独享这一切，而不必同比肩接踵的其它游客分享美景。18.ChinesecommunistpartyofficialsandrebeleditorsfromtheSouthernWeekendnewspaperreachedatentativecompromiseonTuesdaynightintheirstand-offovercensorship,reflectingthepressureonthepartytoendanincidentwhichhasmarreditseffortstoprojectamoreopenimage19.第二章理解原文语语法法结结构分析构分析Thereactionarystrengththusdeveloped,however,carriedwithinittheseedsofitsowndisintegration.反动力量就这样发展起来，然而在其内部就有四分五裂的因素。？Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.Itssolongsinceitrainedthattheriver-bedisdry.ItisalongtimesinceIhadaholiday.20.Hethoughtthatdirectlyinternalconfidenceinthegovernmentdeclined,herfinancialstructurewouldbeindanger.directlytheteachercameineveryoneisquiet.21.一、并列结构复杂的并列结构如何判断：Itisgoodtoknowthatsuchawiseandscholarlyphysicianbelievesthatwecanlearnfromourpastmistakes,andthathehassomehopeforthefutureofthemedicalsciences.TodaythestreetsofTangierarestiffwithhugemotorcarsandflashwithsignsproclaimingthedelightsofsoftandharddrinks,indicatingthepresenceofdancinghalls.22.二、主语和谓语GreatlorrieswithadoubledeckcargoofcarsforexportlumberpastMagdalenandtheUniversityChurch.原译：大型卡车拖着装载着出口木材的双层货架挂车驶过马德琳和大学教堂。Underthelawofcompetition,theemployerofthousandsisforcedintotostrictesteconomics,amongwhichtheratespaidtolabourfigureprominently.原译：在竞争法则下，上万的雇主不得不实行一些最严厉的节约措施，其中主要的钱付给了工人。23.三、代词的实际含义“WhenIleavethehouse,Iwatchout”,theoldladysaid,“Iwontwalkpastacarthatisdouble-parked,andIwontwalkonthesideofthestreetwhereithappened.”24.Theideasbehindecotourismarenotnew.RootedintheconservationandenvironmentalmovementsintheUnitedStatesoverthepast150yearsspurredbythewritingsofThoreau,Muir,andbeforethem,Buddhistandotherphilosophicalideologiesecotourismisanewapplicationforanage-oldconceptofstewardship.Itrecognizestheinterconnectionsofalllifeandtheimportanceofmaintainingabalancebetweenhumanneedsandthoseofexistingecosystem.PerhapsAldoLeopoldsfamousLand Ethicbestcapturesthephilosophicalessenceofstewardship:“athingisrightwhenittendstopreservetheintegrity,stabilityandbeautyofthebioticcommunityitiswrongifitdoesotherwise.”Indiversitythereisstability.Ecotourismisreallynothingmorethantheapplicationofthisphilosophytotheself-enrichingdiscoverymadepossiblethroughtravel.Itisaprocessandanethic,notanendinitself.25.Partyofficialshavepromisedtoliftsomeofthemorerecentlyintroducedmeasures,seenasexcessivebythejournalists,inexchangeforapromisefromeditorialstafftoreturntoworkandproducethisweeksissue,accordingtomessagesonaninternalchatgroupseenbytheFinancialTimes.26.四、修饰关系SomeofourmostskilledpeopledontgetthesalariesofmaidsintheUS.Thechildrenlivewithinthethree-milelimitandthecouncilhassaidinthepastthatitwillnotundertaketoprovidefreetransporttotheschool.原译：学生们都住在方圆三英里的范围内，理事会声称，要在过去他们不会负责让学生无偿乘车上学的事务。27.(Thereisadefinitelinkbetweensmokingandheartdiseaseandlungcancer.)Butthisdoesntmakeyoutoouncomfortablebecauseyouingoodcompany.在一个好的公司？Thepricewhichsocietypaysforthelawofcompetitionlikethepriceitpaysforcheapcomfortsandluxuriesisalsogreat.舒适和奢侈？28.Thetitle“FirstLadyoftheWorld”,whichwasperhapsinevitablyconferreduponherduringthefinalbusyyearsofherlife,mayhavebeenalittlecloyingbutitwasalsoaccurate;nowomanwasmoreuniversallyadmired.这个称号未免有些过分，但是却不失为一个恰当的称号。29.NY City Seeks to Expand Lower-Cost UnitsTheCityCouncilyesterdayapprovedthefirstmajoroverhaulofthemostpopulartaxbreakforapartmentbuildingdevelopers,adoptingaplanintendedtoinducethemtobuildtensofthousandsofapartmentsforpeopleotherthanthewealthy.Thechanges,whichMayorMichaelR.Bloombergsupportedandwhichwouldgointoeffect4in2008,significantlyincreasetheareasofthecityinwhichdeveloperswhowantthetaxbreakmustmakeoneoutofeveryfiveapartmentstheybuildaffordabletolower-incomepeople.Theboundariesofthoseareaswouldbereconsideredeverytwoyearsinlightoftrendsinthehousingmarket.Inaddition,andforthefirsttimeinthe35-yearhistoryoftheprogram,thoselower-pricedapartmentswouldhavetobeincludedineachbuildingandcouldnotbebuiltelsewhereinthecity.Therewouldbeacaponthesizeofthetaxbreakgivenformarket-rateapartments,tolimitthedegreetowhichtheprogrammightbesaidtosubsidizegentrification.30.选择词义Bald head over the blind.Cute old codger.(Ulysses)遮棚上露出个遮棚上露出个秃头秃头，那是个精明而有怪癖的老，那是个精明而有怪癖的老头头子。（子。（译译林版尤利西斯）林版尤利西斯）秃秃子比瞎子子比瞎子强强。精明的老家伙。（人民文学版尤利西斯）。精明的老家伙。（人民文学版尤利西斯）Themastertoldmetolightafireinthemany-week-desertedparlour,andtosetaneasy-chairinthesunshinebythewindow;andthenhebroughtherdown,andshesatalongwhileenjoyingthegenialheat,and,asweexpected,revivedbytheobjectsroundher,which,thoughfamiliar,werefreefromthedrearyassociations,investingherhatedsick-chamber.Byevening,sheseemedgreatlyexhausted;yetnoargumentscouldpersuadehertoreturntothatapartment,andIhadtoarrangetheparloursofaforherbed,tillanotherroomcouldbeprepared.(Wutheringheights)花城版呼啸山庄病房译林版呼啸山庄病床31.选择词义词意基本对等，直译为主1.Lastterm,ImetmyWaterlooinmyEnglishexam.上学期，我的英语考试成绩一塌糊涂。上学期，我在英语考试中遭遇了滑铁卢。2.Fearfulthathisplansmightyetfail,hedeterminedtoaddmorefueltothefireofDansundoing.Addmorefueltothefire,pouroilontheflame3.Theywerearmedtotheteeth,readyforanyemergency.32.2.词义不对等。意译或者直译加解释Theforceofhabitinmillionsandtensofmillionsisamostformidableforce.几百万人和千百万的习惯势力是最可怕的势力。千百万人的。ThemissileswerealreadyinCuba,andallwewouldbedoingwithablockadewouldbe“closingthedoorafterthehorsehadleftthebarn.”亡羊补牢？等马离开了谷仓再关上门？于事无补。33.Inordertogetgreatamountofwaterpower,weneedlargepressureandcurrent.要得到巨大的水力，我们需要大的压力和电流。TheEUscommonagriculturalpolicyisadinosaurwhichisadding13.5poundsaweektothefoodbilloftheaverageBritishfamily.欧盟的共同农业政策是只恐龙，34.一词多义的情况下如何选择词义1.根据词语的语法作用选择词义Essentialimportshadstretchedthenationalcredittothebreakingpoint.必需品进口？必要的进口已使国家的信贷达到了极限。Chinesebrandsunderthewingsofforeigncompaniesusuallyhavetheadvantageofplumpermarketingbudgetsandbetteraccesstomanagementexpertise.35.2.结合上下文、背景、语境选择词义Whenyouthinkoftheinnumerablebirdsthatoneseesflyingabout,nottomentiontheequallynumeroussmallanimalslikefieldmiceandvoleswhichyoudonotsee,itisveryrarelythatonecomesacrossadeadbody,except,ofcourse,ontheroads.Turnofftheswitchwhenanythinggoeswrongwiththemachine.Heusuallywalkswhenhemightride.Whyusemetalwhenyoucanuseplastic?Istayedtheretillnoon,whenIwenthome.36.（Somegirlsstartedtodancewitheachotherimmediately;othersjuststoodaround,talkingandlooking.）Theyoungmanlookedatthegroupofgirls,andattemptedtochoosesomeone.Butbecausetheywereallsonewtohim,hedidntknowwheretostart.Sohetookthenearest.那年轻人打量着这群姑娘，打算邀请一位。但是，这些姑娘他一个也不认识，不知道邀请哪位，所以他邀请了离他最近的一位。37.Thedelegateofacertaincountrychallengedtheotherdevelopedcountriestomatchhiscountryscontribution.某国代表向其他发达国家挑战，作出了数额相当的捐款。攀比，叫板Twomenstoodatthedoorofthehotelswherewelived,challengingeveryChinesewhoentered.Ichallengethatinterpretation我质疑那种解释。Theyappearedincourtnottoraisedefences,buttochallengethecourtjurisdiction他们来法院不是应诉,而是抗辩。38.exercisesImprovingyourstudyhabitswillimproveyourgrades.Thosefindingsagreewithpreviousstudiesthathavesuggested;butnotyetconfirmed,thatahigh-fatdietmaycontributetotheillness.MacroeconomicPoliciescanintroduceaseverebiasagainstagriculture.OneofthecompaniesthatdevelopedtheMini-Testconcept,RBL,hasplentyofexamplesofproductswhichachievesidenticalorveryclosemarketsharesaftertheywereproducedtothosepredictedforthembytheMini-Test.39.改进你的学习习惯能够提高你的学习成绩。这些研究的发现与之前的研究得出的观点一致，即高脂肪饮食会引起疾病，但这一点尚未得到确认。宏观经济政策能够引起严重轻视农业的倾向。开展微型测试的公司之一，RBL，有许多产品样板，这些样板出厂后达到的市场占有量同微型测试预测的产品占有量相近。40.主要翻主要翻译方法之增方法之增译与省与省译英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法1.语法增减词：英语汉语有冠有冠词没有冠没有冠词多用代多用代词用，但不如英用，但不如英语频繁繁介介词丰富丰富介介词少，用少，用动词代替或者省略代替或者省略多用关多用关联词少用关少用关联词动词词形可形可变动词词形不形不变没有没有语气助气助词用助用助词表示各种表示各种语气气EN-CH:省略原文中的冠省略原文中的冠词、某些代、某些代词、介、介词、关、关联词，增加，增加语气助气助词。CH-EN：省略：省略语气助气助词，适当增加一些冠，适当增加一些冠词、代、代词、介、介词和和 关关联词。41.Translation Techniques1.Since the industrial revolution began,the physical science has in general been in the forefront of the scientific movement.自从工自从工业业革命开始以来，物理学革命开始以来，物理学总总的来的来说说一直一直处处于科学运于科学运动动的前列。的前列。2.Then the whole course of my life might have been different.如果真是那如果真是那样样的的话话，我的生命路程也，我的生命路程也许许会是另一番景象。会是另一番景象。3.我喜爱湖。湖是大地的眼睛，湖是一种流动的深情，湖是生活中没有被剥夺的奇妙。Ilovelakes.Fortheyaretheeyesofthemotherearth;theyaretheflowingdeeplove;andtheyarethewonderssurvivedinourlife.4.在美国做生意，尤其是一开始，中方不可避免地会有些损失。InevitablyChinawillsuffersomelossesandreversalswhendoingbusinessintheU.S.,especiallyintheinitialstage.5.该地区已经没有什么城乡差别了。Thereislittledifference betweentownandcountryinthisregion42.Translation Techniques2.根据语义增减词 My grandparents believed you were either honest or you werent.我的祖父母我的祖父母认为认为，你要么，你要么诚实诚实，要么不，要么不诚实诚实，没有中没有中间间道路道路可可选选（不可能介于两者之（不可能介于两者之间间）。）。This was the greatest Russian offensive of the war.Stalin was throwing in 180 divisions,a surprisingly large part of them armored,in Poland and East Prussia alone.There was no stopping them.这这是大是大战战以来俄国以来俄国发动发动的的最大攻最大攻势势。仅仅在波在波兰兰和和东东普普鲁鲁士两士两地，斯大林就投入了一百八十个地，斯大林就投入了一百八十个师师的的兵力兵力，其中装甲部，其中装甲部队队所占比例大得惊人。他所占比例大得惊人。他们锐们锐不可不可挡挡，势势如破竹如破竹。43.我我们认为们认为如此如此严严重的失重的失业现业现象将不再象将不再发发生生我我们们必必须须克服悲克服悲观观情情绪绪Pessimism外交活外交活动动Diplomacy疯疯狂行狂行为为 Madness 落后面貌落后面貌 backwardness44.英语中大量使用抽象词，概括力强、而汉语则比较具体，因此需要将抽象词具体化。Consumersmaybespendingmoreontaxestopayforgovernmentactionaginstdisease,ignorance,crimeandprejudice.消费者们可能会付更多的税，以资助政府采取措施防治疾病、铲除愚昧、制止犯罪和消除偏见。Afterfillingourstomachs,ourclothes,ourgarages,ourteeth,andourminds,wenowmayseektoensurethehealth,safety,andleisuretoenjoymorefullythegoodthingsonthefirstfourlevels.填抱肚子、购足衣物、买了汽车、补好牙齿、充实精神生活以后，我们现在可能又寻求身体健康、人身安全、清闲自在，以便充分地享受前四个档次所提供的好的物质生活。45.Translation Techniques广大人民群众广大人民群众The broad masses of the people The masses/the people加加强强国防建国防建设设是关是关键键。It is essential to strengthen the building of national defense.It is essential to strengthen the national defense.全体人民全体人民对对那些那些严严重的官僚主重的官僚主义义和腐和腐败现败现象象强强烈不烈不满满。The people as a whole are strongly dissatisfied with the phenomena of serious bureaucratism and corruption46.中英动静之别及词类转化What are the prospects for the Chinese economy?Few,if any,economic questions can be more important.I have just attended this years China Development Forum in Beijing,which brings western business leaders and scholars together with senior Chinese policy makers and academics,with this question very much in my mind.中国经济前景如何？当前没有几个经济问题（如果有的话）能比这个问题更重要。我刚在北京参加今年的中国发展高层论坛，该论坛汇聚了中国高层政策制定者、学术界人士和西方商界领袖，这一问题始终在我脑海中萦绕。47.中英动静之别及词类转化自动化要求不断详细了解极其系统的操作。英语和汉语的思维差异1英语偏爱静态词，主要表现：大量抽象名词作主语，大量地使用从句和介词短语；汉语则喜欢大量用动词48.抽象名抽象名词转词转化化为动词为动词：His imitation of that singer is perfect.他他对对那位歌唱家模仿地惟妙惟肖。那位歌唱家模仿地惟妙惟肖。The application of electonic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labor productivity.使用使用电电子子计计算机可以大大提高算机可以大大提高劳动劳动生生产产率。率。Automation involves a detailed and continuous knowledge of functioning of the machine systemm,so that the best corrective actions can be applied immediately when they become necessary.The sight of those fields of stubble and turnips,now his own,gave him many secret joys.看着四周的田野里，有的种着看着四周的田野里，有的种着萝萝卜，有的留着麦卜，有的留着麦秆秆，如今都成了自己的，如今都成了自己的财产财产，他心里暗暗得意。他心里暗暗得意。49.介词和从句Thegirlsatupforherfatherallthenight.那个女孩坐了一整夜，等着她爸爸归来。Withthesewordstheoldmanstoodupandwentaway.说完这些话，那老人起身就走了。Whohasnotadmiredtheartificesanddelicateapproacheswithwhichwomenpreparedtheirfriendsforbadnews?女人们向朋友讲坏消息时，为了减轻对方的痛苦，总是惯用花招，措辞得当，谁不佩服？50.er或者or结尾，表示职务或者身份的名词有时可以翻译成动词。Tomisnotasmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.汤姆不吸烟，可他的父亲吸起烟来一支接一支。Hewasagreatloverofliteraturewhenhewasachild.他从小酷爱文学。Someofmyclassmatesaregoodsingers.我们班有些同学唱歌唱得很好。51.汉译英知识是人类创造的。Humanbeingsarethecreatorsofknowlege.禁止违反游戏规则。Anyviolationofthegamerulesareprohibited.OECD推出“知识经济”的新概念，充分认识到知识、信息和科技在经济发展中起到的领导作用。TheconceptofKnowledgeBasedEconomyresultsfromtherecognitionbyOECDoftheleadingroleofknowledge,information,andtechnologeineconomicgrowth.52.其他的词类转换Sotakesomeofthatextratimeyoumighthavespentinahealthcluborgymandgiveitovertothearts.因此，不妨从花在健身俱乐部或者体育馆的时间中挤出一些来从事文艺活动。Wewerewronglyinformed.我们得到的是错误消息。Themeetingisagreatsuccess.这次会议非常成功。Theyshowedtheirdeterminationtoopposethesanction.他们坚决反对这项制裁。53.Thedevelopedworldwillremainthebreedinggroundofthewealthyindividualsofthefuture,accordingtoresearchpublishedtoday.Unveilingapredictiononthegrowthinthenumberofwealthyindividualsoverthenextdecade,BarclaysWealthandtheEconomistIntelligenceUnitsaidthesignificanceoftheemergingmarketsinBrazil,Russia,IndiaandChinatheso-calledBriceconomiesasasourceoftherichhadbeen“overplayed”.Thereportpredictedthatasthenumberofwealthypeoplegrewacrosstheglobe,thevastmajorityofhighnetworthindividuals,definedasthosewithinvestmentsandsavingsofover$1m,wouldcontinuetocomefromdevelopedmarkets.AllG7nationswillseethenumberofhighnetworthindividualsdoubleoverthenextdecade,accordingtothereport.IntheUK,JapanandGermanythesenumberswillmorethantriple,whileCanadawillenjoyanalmostsix-foldincrease.TheUKandGermanywillcompetetobecomethefirstEuropeanG7countrytoplayhostto1mmillionairehouseholdsoverthenextdecade.Accordingtothereport,Germanywillwintherace,achievingthelandmarkin2016,whiletheUKwillfollowin2017.54.汉英的分与合一、分译一般情况：保留句子的结构个别情况：结构进行调整原因：汉语一般用含有动词的句子表达完整的意思英语除了有谓语动词的句子外，非谓语动词、非谓语动词短语、一些由动词派生出来的名词等均可以表达一个完整的意思方法：将原文中某个与主句关系不十分紧密