直接引语改为间接引语教案.doc

直接引语改为间接引语教案

  2010-06-22 09:49:47  

直接引语改为间接引语教案
浙江人民出版社出版的《基础英语》第二册unit9lesson thirty-six and unit lessonforty 可以合用本教案
陈伟芳2010年6月
教学目的：
1.    让学生掌握陈述句疑问句祈使句等不同句型直接引语改成间接引语的连词使用。
2.    让学生掌握直接引语改成间接引语的“三变”
3.    通过本课的学习能够使学生分析课文中的宾语从句
教学课时：一教时
Step1 Revision
看黑板上出示的两句句子（unit9 lesson34）, 让学生说说其中的语法现象。
1 You’ll find the West Lake is a great attraction to tourists in all seasons.
2 We’re glad to see that the tower stands on the south shore of West Lake again.
Step2 grammar
引用或转述别人说的话有两种方法：直接引用别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。一般来讲，直接引语前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号，而用宾语从句来表达。
直接引语改为间接引语时，除将直接引语改为宾语从句之外，还须对直接引语中的人称和时态进行相应的改变。现将把直接引语改为间接引语时应该注意的问题分述如下。
(一)、直接引语为陈述句
直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导（that在口语中常省去）。That从句之前用say, tell或ask等动词，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化
（1）人称的变化
1. He said, “I like it very much.”
He said that _______liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I’ve left my book in your room.”
He told that _______had left _______book in _______room.
点拨注意人称的变化：“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。
“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：
She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→He asked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化，如：
Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good worker. ”→Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
（2）时态的变化
3. He said, “I’m using the knife.”
He said that he _______ _______ the knife.
4. She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”
She said that she _______ _______ _______ from him since May.
5. He said, “I saw her in the street.”
He said that he _______ _______ her in the street.
6. He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”
He said that he _______ _______ his home work before supper.
7. Zhou Lan said, “I’ll do it after class.”
Zhou Lan said that he _______ _______ it after class
8. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light _______ much faster than sound.
9. Our geography teacher said to us, “The sun rises in the east and it sets in the west.”
Our geography teacher told us that __________________________________________.
10. My history teacher taught us, “The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.”
My history teacher taught us that ___________________________________________.
点拨注意时态的变化：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。即：一般现在时变为一般过去时; 现在完成时变为过去完成时;现在进行时变为过去进行时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；现在完成进行时变为过去完成进行时；过去进行时变为过去完成进行时。如：
She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen.
She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.
She said. "He will go to see his friend。"→She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
1. 直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言，时态不变。如：
“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth”, the teacher told me.
→The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
2. 直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?"
→Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
3. 直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。"
→Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.
4. 直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种经常性或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时，时态不变。如：
He said, "I get up at six every morning".
→He said he gets up at six every morning。
5. 如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to, had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。如：
Peter said. "You had better come here today."
→Peter said I had better go there that day.
（3）指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的相应变化
11. He said, “These books are mine.”
He said that _______ books were his.
12. He said, “My sister was here three day ago.”
He said that his sister had been there three days _______.
13. She said, “I went there yesterday.”
She said that she had gone there _______ _______ _______ .
14. She said, “I’ll go there tomorrow.”
She said that she would go there _______ _______ _______.
15. She said, “I came here to see the doctor the day before yesterday.”
She said that she _______ _______ _______ to see the doctor _______ _______ _______.
16. She said, “I will come here this evening.”
She said that she would _______ _______ _______ evening.
17. He said, “I am going there tomorrow.”
He said that he was going _______ _______ .
点拨注意指示代词、时间和地点状语、以及趋向性动词的变化：

直接引语
间接引语
指示代词
this
that
these
those
时间状语
now
then
ago
before
today
that day
tomorrow
the next day/ the following day
yesterday
the day before
the day before yesterday
two days before
the day after tomorrow
two days later
next week
the next week
so far
by then
地点状语
here
there
方向性动词
come
go
bring
take
注意以上这些变化，要根据说话的具体时间和具体地点而定，不可机械照搬。如果在当地转述，here就不必改为there，come也不必改为go；如果是在当天转述，yesterday或tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
(二)、直接引语为疑问句
直接引语如为疑问句，改为间接引语时，须将疑问句的语序改为陈述句的语序；其人称、时态等相应的变化同上。
（1）直接引语是一般问句时
直接引语如为一般问句，变为间接引语时，须用连接词whether或if将其引出，时其成为间接引语的宾语从句；如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked；如果主句谓语动词后没有间接宾语，可以加上一个间接宾语me, him, her, them, us等。
1. “Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says.
The writer _______ us _______ _______ _______ a diary can become our friend.
2. She said, “Did you see him last night?”
She _______ me _______ _______ _______ _______ him the night before.
3. She said, “ Is your father an engineer?”
She asked me _______ _______ father _______ an engineer.
4. The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework?”
The teacher asked Li Ming _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ homework.
（2）直接引语是特殊疑问句时
如果直接引语为特殊疑问句，改为间接引语时，仍用特殊疑问句中的疑问词what, where, when, who, how many等那个作为连接词将其引出，作为间接引语中的宾语从句，但须将疑问语序改为陈述语序。如果主句中的谓语动词为said，则将其改为asked。
5. “What do you call your diary?” Anne’s sister asked her.
Anne’s sister asked her _______ _______ _______ her diary.
6. “When did you go to bed last night?” Father said to Peter.
Father asked Peter _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ the night before.
7. He said to her, “What’s the matter with you?”
He asked her _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______.
注意 直接引语里是What’s wrong with…?/ What’s the matter?/ What’s the trouble?/ What has happened?等特殊疑问句时，间接引语的语序不变。
(三)、直接引语为祈使句
注意：1、通常直接引语里含有please表示请求：ask sb (not) to do sth
例如: He said to me, ‘Shut the window, please.’ →
He asked me to shut the window.
2、直接引语里不含please表示命令：tell sb (not) to do sth
例如：The teacher said to the students,‘Stop talking!’ →
The teacher told the students to stop talking.
练习：把下列直接引语改为间接引语
1.      The doctor said to me, ‘don’t drink too much.’
The doctor _____me _______________too much.
2.      Mother said to him, ‘don’t cry!’
Mother ________________________ .
3.      The doctor said to me, ‘don’t smoke.’
The doctor _____________ __________  .
4.      Jim said to him, ‘start at once.’
Jim _______ him ______________ at once.
5.      Mother said to me, ‘don’t tell a lie.’
Mother _________________________________ a lie.
6.      I said to him yesterday, ‘please come early.’
Yesterday I _______ him to come early ___________.
7.      ‘Could you open the window, please?’ Deming said to Yongxian.
Deming ______Yongxian _________________________ the window.
8.      The teacher said to the boy, ‘call the police right now.’
The teacher _____ _____________________ .
9. His father said to him , ‘don't leave the cat alone at home .’
His father____________________________ .
10. John said to the others, ‘keep quiet’
John the others .
Step3 practice(可采用分层教学)SBp115
Fill in the blanks with the given words .
1 I doubt ________ he will succeed.
2 Mother was pleased _________ her daughter had passed the exam.
3 I’m afraid you don’t understand _______I’ve said.
4 Do you know ________ she is waiting for?
5 I asked the teacher ________ we would have the meeting.
6 Could you tell me _______ he gets on with his new classmates?
7 Did you find out _______ child the old woman was looking after?
8 ----I wonder_________ the girl looked so sad .
----Maybe she missed her mum again.
Step4 homework
Rewrite the following sentences after the model.
1 They often go swimming durin their holidays.(I believe)
2 I have never seen such a beautiful mountain in my life .(Mary said)
3 Light travels faster than sound ,( My father told me)
4 Are you looking for information about the Opera House in Sydney?(I want to know)
5 How much does it cost to go to New Zealand by plane?(Could you tell us)
6 What is life like in the sea ?( He wondered)