非谓语动词考点复习.doc

非谓语动词考点复习
一， 动词不定式
1， 基本形式：to do/ to be done/to be doing/ to have done/ to have been done
2， 基本功能：可在句中作：主语，宾语，补足语，标语，定语，状语
序数词或最高级或no, all, any等限定的名词后也常接不定时作定语。
Perhaps the best way __________(enlarge) the English vocabulary is to learn words in context..
His wish _______(visit) China is quite understandable.
He hurried to the airport only ______ (tell) the plane had left. (表出乎意料之外的结果)
The storm left, ________(cause) much damage to his area. （表自然而然的结果）
① 不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系， 又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系：She has a sister ________ (look after)
② 主语+be+adj.+to do结构中，往往认为省略了for sb. 其中形容词多为表示性质的词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting 等: This book is difficult _______ (understand)。
③ adj.+to do结构作表语，补语和定语时，adj. 同上：I don’t want to work with any more because he is not a man easy _________ ( get on with)
④ 在疑问句+ to do 结构中：She will tell you which bus _______(take)

① 为避免重复，不定式后边的行为动词有时可以省略，to 要保留，have 作为组动词和be 不应省略，这种情况常出现在下列动词之后;
② 在but (除了) 之后， 如果but 之前有行为动词do 的某种形式， 那么but 之后的不定式则不带to, 否则to 不省略， 另外请记住下列一些特殊结构;
We had nothing to do but _______ （wait）. （ wait 之前的to 省略，因为but 之前do）
We missed the bus, so we had no choice but ______ (wait) for another. ( wait 之前的to 不省略)
③ 如果主语部分含有do 的某种形式，则作表语的不定式to 可以省略。
All that we can do is (to) wait for Mr Black’s returning.
(8) to be done, done 和being done 作定语时的区别：
to be done 表被动，将来
done 表被动，完成 （有时是一种状态）
being done 表被动，正在进行
Have you read the novel _______ (write) by Dickens?
Listen! The song ________ (sing) is very popular with the student。
The question __________ (discuss) at the meeting is very importaht.
(9) 不定式作主语补足语的结构：

⑴ 动名词直接做主语时，要注意被动形式being done, 包括作宾语时也要注意， having done 结构一般不作主语
___________ （walk）in the rain is an unpleasant experience.
___________ ( expose) in the sunlight too much harms your skin.
Measures should be taken to prevent the river from __________ ( pollute)

练习
1.Imust have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz, _______(say) how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
2. Afterwards, I pretend _____ ( be) cheerful, but Hannah sensed something was wrong.
3. I begged her _______ (not tell) anyone else, and she said she _____( keep) my secret.
4. He accused me of some really bad things just _______ ( hurt) me.
5. Amanda and her friend, Sharon, are sitting on the sofa, ________ (talk)
6. When _______ (ask), they usually hesitate before responding.
7. When _______ (decide) what is most important in life, some people choose money, while others choose things like security and comfort.
8. Friendship means _______ (not be) alone. I cannot imagine ______ (be) without it
9. I didn’t mind _____ (be) alone, but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures ______ (take) together, and I began feeling sad.
10. If I had ended our friendship, we ___________ (learn) nothing
11. Other types of waste flow into our water, ________ (kill) river and sea life.
12. Large numbers of fish are caught without ________ (give) time to lay eggs.
13. This will result in a smaller number of fish _______ (leave) for us to eat in the future.
14. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or of pipes ______
(pour) chemical waste into rivers. They think of greedy businessmen ______ (hide) from their responsibilities and only _______ (worry) about money.
15.What we need are better laws _________ (preserve) the environment and still allow our country ______ ( grow)
16. ___________ (ask) around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.
17. If you harm the environment, you should have to pay for it ________ ( repair)
18. This project resulted in farmers ________their crops with trees or grassed.
19. The efforts of the Chinese government and people _______ (protect) this much-loved river will be appreciated for years ________ ( to come)
20. Rapid development and increase in population have meant that the amount water _______ (take) from the river is rising, and the waste__________ (put) back into the river has been increasing.