Hadoop2虚拟机3节点安装.docx

摘要：本文记录了Hadoop2.2.0版本多节点集群安装过程，并做了基本配置，启动运行和测试了一个单词统计例子。环境说明：基于Windows下的VMware Player4.0.3中的Ubuntu12.04-64server安装，先把基础软件安装到一个虚拟机中，然后拷贝两份再配置下即可。三台机器的分工如下：Hadoop1(Master): NameNode/ResouceManagerHadoop2(Slave):DataNode/NodeManagerHadoop3(Slave): DataNode/NodeManager假定三台虚拟机的IP地址如下，后面会用到。Hadoop1:192.168.128.130Hadoop2:192.168.128.131Hadoop3:192.168.128.1321、环境准备：下载免费的VMware Player并安装好;下载 免费的Ubuntu 12.04 server版并在VMware中安装好；2、基础安装：执行如下命令升级部分软件和把ssh安装好 (1)sudo apt-get update; (2)sudo apt-get upgrade; (3)sudo apt-get install openssh-server;安装OracleJDK通过webupd8team自动安装，执行命令如下：(1) sudo apt-get install python-software-properties(2) sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java(3) sudo apt-get update(4) sudo apt-get install oracle-java6-installer创建hadoop用户(1) sudo addgroup hadoop(2) sudo adduser ingroup hadoop hduser编辑/etc/sudoers编辑文件，在root ALL=(ALL)ALL行下添加hduser ALL=(ALL)ALL。如果不添加这行，hduser将不能执行sudo操作。注：以下操作均用hduser用户登录后操作。3、公共安装：下载Hadoop2.2.0版本(1) $ cd /home/hduser(2) $ wget (3) $ tar zxf hadoop-2.2.0.tar.gz(4) $ mv hadoop-2.2.0 hadoop配置Hadoop：(1) 配置/home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh替换exportJAVA_HOME=$JAVA_HOME为如下：export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-6-oracle(2) 配置/home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml，在中添加如下： hadoop.tmp.dir/home/hduser/hadoop/tmp/hadoop-$user.nameA base for other temporary directories.fs.default.namehdfs:/192.168.128.130:8010The name of the default file system. A URI whose schemeand authority determine the FileSystem implementation. The uri sscheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming theFileSystem implementation class. Theuri s authority is used todetermine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.注意：以下两点务必确保正确，否则后面会出错。a. 需执行mkdir home/hduser/hadoop/tmp创建这个临时目录;b. 这个fd.default.name值的IP地址为NameNode的地址，即Hadoop1。配置/home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml(1) cp /home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml(2) 在中添加如下：mapred.job.tracker192.168.128.130:54311The host and port that theMapReduce job tracker runsat. If”local”, thenjobs are runin-process as a single mapand reducetask.配置/home/hduser/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml在中添加如下：dfs.replication2Default block replication. Theactual number of replications can be specified when the file is created. Thedefault is used if replication is not specified in create time. 4、整体安装将上面安装和配置好的虚拟机拷贝两份，即Hadoop2和Hadoop3。分别修改三台虚拟机的/etc/hostname中的内容改为相应的主机名，即hadoop1的hostname为hadoop1，其他类推。修改完成后需要重启，并通过命令hostname确认已经生效。分别检查并修改三台虚拟机的/etc/hosts中的内容，确保包含如下配置：192.168.128.130 hadoop1192.168.128.131 hadoop2192.168.128.132 hadoop3为三台虚拟机之间建立SSH信任以便是实现无需密码登陆。(1) 将以下命令分别在三台机子上做一遍,分别将各台机子上的.ssh/id_rsa.pub的内容追加到其他两台的.ssh/authorized_keys中，这样三台机子相互访问就不需要输入密码了。可通过ssh hadoop1来测试。分别在三台机器执行：ssh-keygen -t rsa -P scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.131:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_1.pubscp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.132:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_1.pub等待其他机器的id_rsa.pub都copy过来后执行一下内容cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keyscat .ssh/id_rsa_2.pub .ssh/authorized_keyscat .ssh/id_rsa_3.pub .ssh/authorized_keys=ssh-keygen -t rsa -P scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.130:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_2.pubscp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.132:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_2.pub等待其他机器的id_rsa.pub都copy过来后执行一下内容cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keyscat .ssh/id_rsa_1.pub .ssh/authorized_keyscat .ssh/id_rsa_3.pub .ssh/authorized_keys=ssh-keygen -t rsa -P scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.130:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_3.pubscp .ssh/id_rsa.pub hduser192.168.128.131:/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa_3.pub等待其他机器的id_rsa.pub都copy过来后执行一下内容cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub .ssh/authorized_keys cat .ssh/id_rsa_1.pub .ssh/authorized_keyscat .ssh/id_rsa_2.pub .ssh/authorized_keys分别修改各台机子的$HADOOP_HOME/etc/hadoop/slaves，这里$HADOOP_HOME为你的hadoop安装目录。Slaves的内容如下：hadoop2hadoop35、运行Hadoop注：所有的运行只需要在hadoop1的master节点即可。系统会自动登录到其他两台去启动相应的节点。在初次运行Hadoop的时候需要初始化Hadoop文件系统，命令如下：cd /home/hduser/hadoop/bin./hdfs namenode -format如果执行成功，你会在日志中(倒数几行)找到如下成功的提示信息：common.Storage: Storage directory /home/hduser/hadoop/tmp/hadoop-hduser/dfs/namehas been successfully formatted.运行命令如下：cd home/hduser/hadoop/sbin/$./start-dfs.sh$./start-yarn.sh启动完之后可分别用jps命令查看各个机子的进程是否正常，如下：$jps1777 ResourceManager1464 NameNode1618 SecondaryNameNodehduserhadoop2:$ jps1264 DataNode1344 NodeManagerhduserhadoop3:$ jps1289 NodeManager1209 DataNode6、查看Hadoop资源管理器http:/192.168.217.128:8088/7、测试Hadoopcd /home/hduser$wget http:/www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/20417/pg20417.txt$cd hadoop$ bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir /tmp$ bin/hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /home/hduser/pg20417.txt /tmpbin/hdfs dfs -ls /tmp$ bin/hadoop jar ./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-2.2.0.jar wordcount /tmp/ /tmp-output如果一切正常的话，会输入相应的结果，可以从屏幕输出看到。 8、停止Hadoop若停止hadoop，依次运行如下命令：$./stop-yarn.sh$./stop-dfs.sh9、集群安装与单机安装的区别分析core-site.xml中配置的fs.default.name值的IP地址必须为Master节点，本文为Hadoop1节点； hdfs-site.xml中配置的dfs.replication值需要与实际的DataNode节点数一致，本文为2； mapred-site.xml中配置的mapred.job.tracker值的IP地址必须为Master节点，本文为Hadoop1节点； slaves文件必须配置上实际的slaves节点，本文为hadoop2和hadoop3； 每个主机的/etc/hostname和/etc/hostname必须做相应的配置以方便集群内部相互识别； 必须在集群内部用ssh建立起信任。以上安装过程中还是出现了一些问题，但基本都通过baidu和google解决了。有个错误花费了较多时间，这里记录下，以供参考。错误现象：13/10/2807:19:03 WARN hdfs.DFSClient: DataStreamer Exception org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(java.io.IOException):File /tmp/pg20417.txt._COPYING_ could only be replicated to 0 nodes instead ofminReplication (=1). There are 0datanode(s) running and no node(s) are excluded in this operation.发生地方：执行bin/hdfs dfs -copyFromLocal /home/hduser/pg20417.txt /tmp时原因定位：后来经过反复查看，是因为fs.default.name的值中的IP地址配置成 localhost了，导致系统找不到hdfs.是在datanode的日志中发现这个错误的，日志如下：2013-10-28 07:33:55,963 WARNorg.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.datanode.DataNode: Problem connecting to server:localhost/127.0.0.1:8010解决办法：将fs.default.name中的IP地址改为192.168.128.130，即你的master节点的IP地址。更多Hadoop相关信息见Hadoop 专题页面