2023年现在完成时相关的知识点总结.doc

第一讲 现在完毕时和现在完毕进行时Summary: 英语的动词时态有四种：一般时态、进行时态、完毕时态和完毕进行时态。现在完毕时的构成公式为：have/has+过去分词；现在完毕进行时的构成公式为：have/has been +现在分词。现在完毕时的基本例句:1) We have lived here since1995.2) I have been to Japan twice.3) Joan has just finished her homework其中，(2)(3)描述的是过去发生而与现在情况有关的事物或状态，（1）描述的是从过去某时到现在为止这一段时间中发生的情况。 总之，现在完毕时表现的是从过去到现在的事情。一、 现在完毕时的形式 A现在完毕时的肯定句句型：主语（I、we、you第三人称复数）+have+过去分词 主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词例：1）I have been busy all the day.2) My father has read todays paper.3) I have just written the letter.B现在完毕时的否认句句型：主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词例：1）The concert hasnt/has not started yet.2)They havent gotten to London yet.C现在完毕时的一般疑问句例：1）Has the concert started?2) Have you friend your homework?D现在完毕时的特殊疑问句，分两种情况a. 疑问句词作主语时句型：疑问句（主语）+have/has+过去分词+？例：1）Who has/have bought these apples? 2)Who has made her so sad?B疑问词作主语以外的成分时句型：疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+？例：1)How long have you live here?2)How many times have you been to Spain?二、现在完毕时的用法1、概述形式 have/has过去分词用法意义继续表达从过去继续到现在的动作或状态经验表达过去某一是可到现在的经验完毕表达现在刚完毕的动作成果表达现在是“做了”的结果例：1）继续 He has been sick since last week.2) 经验 I have visited Tokyo twice. Have you ever been to Hawaii?3) 完毕 I have just finished my homework. Has he finished his work yet?4) 结果 My father has become a lawyer. I have lost my dictionary.下面分别阐述其用法2、表达继续的现在完毕时例：1）肯定句：Li Mings elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years. 2)否认句：We havent seen each other all this month. 3)疑问句：How long have you know your boy friend?A基本用法表达继续意义的现在完毕时，说明过去的动作一直延续到现在，也就是说从过去某时开始的动作、状态一直连续到现在。此时，往往用和现在有关的表达一段时间的时间状语。例：1）I began to study English three years ago.(过去试) 2）I still study English now.(现在式) 3）I have studied English since three years ago.现在完毕时Have+过去分词过去某时 阿图示： 现在时 牢记：表继续的动词have known 已经结识了 have studied 已经学习了have worked ； have been to； have used ；have taught ；have stayed;have wanted to; have lived B常用的时间状语表达继续的现在完毕时，常和下列时间状语连用for+时间 since+过去某时 all this week often today recently all dayup to now 直到现在 so far 到目前为止lately always till/until now in the past yearsthese daysthis weekduring the past （years、month）3、表达经验的现在完毕时例：1）肯定句：I have seen the film three times.2) 否认句：Ive never seen the film.3)疑问句：Have you ever been to U.K.?A基本用法表达经验的现在完毕时，说明从过去起到现在的经验，即从过去到现在之间曾经经历过或做过的事情。B常用的时间状语 Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many timesC have/has been的用法形式意义用法Have/has been to 表达“曾经去过”经验表达“到 去过了”完毕Have/has been in表达“曾在”经验表达“一直在”继续例：a. have been toI have been to the summer palace twice.(经验)I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完毕) b. have been inHave you ever been in America?(经验)We have been in home for the whole day.(继续)插曲：be 动词的过去分词Be动词的过去分词不管主语的人称和数都要用been表达例：We have been tired these days区别：I am happy.（一般现在时） I was happy.（一般过去时） I have been happy.（现在完毕时）4表达完毕，结果的现在完毕时例：1）My father has just gone out.(结果) 2）I have closed the window.(完毕) 3）Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(结果)A表达完毕的用法Ive just finished my homework.They have gone to GuiLin.B表达结果的用法例1、(1)I opened the door. (2)The door is open now. (3)I have opened the door.例2、（1）John bought a dictionary. (2)Now John has a new dictionary. (3)John has bought a new dictionary.牢记：表结果的现在完毕时常见动词。make become go come lose grow sell buy fallC常见的时间状语（副词）already just yet句末 句中三、现在完毕时的注意事项1、just now和just的区别 just now用在一般过去时just用在现在完毕时例：1）We had an English lesson just now.2) We have just had an English lesson.2、today等时间状语的运用运用today，this morning，this afternoon等时间状语时，时态要根据说话的具体情况而定。例：1）He didnt do his homework this afternoon.他今天下午没有做功课。 He hasnt done his homework this afternoon.他今天下午还没有做功课呢。 2）He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didnt catch the bus. 3)He has been very busy today.（截至到说话时，仍是在今天，他们很忙）3、几种时态表达同一意思例：1)He left china two years ago. 2)It is two years since he left china. 3)He has away from china for 2 years.四、现在完毕进行时区别：现在完毕时侧重于动作的结速或完毕；而现在完毕进行时侧重于动作的未结束和继续进行。例：1）I have opened the can. 2) I have been writing the letter since then.1、现在完毕进行时的形式：1）积极语态：主语+have/has+现在分词（doing）2）被动语态：主语+have/has been+过去分词(done)例：Have you been waiting for him all the day?2、用法a.在强调动作尚未结束，还要继续下去时，不能用现在完毕时，而要用现在完毕进行时。例：Ive been writing the composition for two hours,but I havent finished it yet.b. 动作不包含连续意思的动词，要用现在完毕进行时，表达延续到现在的动作。例：The artist has been painting the painting.c. 现在完毕进行时也用来表达一种在现在以前这个阶段反复发生的事。例：He has promsing me to help you.Hasnt he done it?d. 有些动词不能用于现在完毕进行时，但可用于现在完毕时。1）表状态的动词 be， have，exist2）表感情的动词 like，love，hate，detest3）表达感觉的动词 see，hear，know，feel，sound例：1）He has had a cold for a week.2)I have heard the news since last week.3、常用的时间状语：（与表继续的现在完毕时相同）for+时间；since; these years; recently; all the time; how long例：1）They have been talking all the night.2) How long has it been raining?