1、华盛顿就职演说 1.吾辈需研习谋与战,则子可专攻数、理、史、地、工、商、农,则孙可醉心书画、诗词、礼乐、雕刻、针织、陶瓷。(imuststudypoliticsandwarthatmysonsmayhavelibertytostudymathematicsandphilosophy.mysonsoughttostudymathematicsandphilosophy,geography,naturalhistory,navalarchitecture,navigation,commerceandagricultureinordertogivetheirchildrenarighttostudy
2、painting,poetry,music,architecture,statuary,tapestry,andporcelain) 2.美国首任总统乔治华盛顿就职演讲1789年4月30日 美国人民的实验参议院和众议院的同胞们: 在人生沉浮中,没有一件事能比十四日收到你们送达的通知,使我焦虑不安。一方面,国家召唤我出任总统一职,对于她的召唤,我只能肃然从命。但我却十分偏爱、并曾选择了退隐,我还满怀奢望,矢志不移,决心以此作为我暮年的归宿。星转斗移,我越来越感到隐退的必要和亲切,因为喜爱之余,我已经习惯;还因为岁月催人渐老,身体常感不适。另一方面,国家召唤我担负的责任如此天大而艰巨,足以使国内最
3、有才智和经验的人度德量力;而我天资愚钝,又没有民政管理的经验,应该倍觉自己能力的不足,因此必然感到难以担此重任。怀着这种矛盾的心情,我唯一敢断言的是,通过正确理解可能产生影响的各种情况来克尽职责,乃是我忠贞不渝的努力目标。我唯一敢祈望的是,如果我在执行这项任务时因沉溺于往事,或因由衷感到公民们对我高度的信赖,因而过分受到了影响,以致在处理从未经历过的大事时,忽视了自己的无能和消极,我的错误将会出于动机纯正而减轻,而大家在评判错误的后果时,也会适当宽容产生这些动机的偏见。 既然这就是我在遵奉公众召唤就任现职时的感想,那么,在此宣誓就职之际,如不热情地祈求全能的上帝将是一件非常不当的事。因为上帝统
4、治着宇宙,主宰着各国政府,它的神助能弥补人类的任何不足。愿上帝赐福,保佑一个为了美国人民的自由和幸福而组建的政府,保佑它为这些基本目的而做出奉献,保佑政治的各项行政措施在我负责之下都能成功地发挥作用。我相信,在向公众利益和私人利益的伟大缔造者献上这份崇敬时,这些话也同样表达了各位和广大公民的心声。没有人能比美国人更坚定不移地承认和崇拜掌管人类事务的上帝。他们在迈向独立国家的进程中,似乎每走一步都有某种天佑的迹象;他们在刚刚完成的联邦政府体制的重大改革中,如果不是因忠诚的感恩而得到某种回报,如果不是谦卑地期待着过去有所预示的赐福的到来,那么,通过众多截然不同的集团的平静思考和自愿赞同来完成改革,
5、这种方式是难以同大多数政府在组建过程中所采用的方式相比的。在转折关头,我产生这些想法确实是深有所感而不能自已。我相信大家会和我怀有同感,即如果不仰仗上帝的力量,一个新生的自由政府就无法做到一开始就事事如意。 根据设立行政部门的条款,总统有责任“将他认为必要而适宜的措施提请国会审议”。但在与各位见面的这个场合,恕我不进一步讨论这个问题,而只是提一下伟大的宪法,它使各位今天欢聚一堂,它规定了各位的权限,指出了各位应该注意的目标。在这样的场合,更恰当、也更能反映我内心激情的做法不是提出具体措施,而是称颂将要规划和采纳这些措施的当选者的才能、正直和爱国心。我从这些高贵品格中看到了最可靠的保证:其一,任
6、何地方偏见或地方感情,任何意见分歧或党派敌视,都不能使我们偏离全局观念和公平观点,即必须维护这个由不同地区和不同利益所组建的大联合政权;因此,其二,我国的政策将会以纯正不移的个人道德原则为基础,而自由政府将会以赢得民心和全世界尊敬的一切特点而显示其优越性。我对国家的一片热爱之心激励着我满怀喜悦地展望这幅远景,因为根据自然界的法则和发展趋势,在美德与幸福之间,责任与利益之间,恪守诚实宽厚的政策与获得社会繁荣幸福的硕果之间,有着密不可分的关系;因为我们应该同样相信,上帝亲自规定了永恒的秩序和权利法则,它决不可能对无视这些法则的国家慈颜含笑;因为人们理所当然地、满怀深情地、也许是最后一次地把维护神圣
7、的自由之火和共和制政府的命运,系于美国人所遵命进行的实践上。 除了提请各位注意的一般事务外,在当前时刻,根据激烈反对共和制的各种意见的性质,或根据引起这些意见的不同程度,在必要时行使宪法第五条授予的权利究竟有多大益处,将依靠你们来加以判断和决定。在这个问题上,我无法从过去担任过的职务中找到借鉴,因此我不提具体建议,而是再一次完全信任各位对公众利益的辨别和追求;因为我相信,各位只要谨慎避免做出任何可能危及团结和政府利益的修订,或避免做出应该等待未来经验教训的修订,那么,各位对自由人特有权利的尊重和对社会安定的关注,就足以影响大家慎重考虑在何种程度上坚定不移地加强前者,并有利无弊地促进后者。 除上
8、述意见外,我还要补充一点,而且觉得向众议院提出最恰当。这条意见与我有关,因此应当尽量讲得简短一些。我第一次荣幸地奉召为国家效劳时,正值我国为自由而艰苦奋斗之际,我对我的职责的看法要求我必须放弃任何俸禄。我从未违背过这一决定。如今,促使我做出这一同样决定的想法仍然支配着我,因此,我必须拒绝对我不相适应的任何所有个人津贴,因为这些津贴可能是列入并成为政府部门常设基金不可分割的一部分。同样,我必须恳求各位,在估算我就任的这个职位所需要的费用时,可以根据我的任期以公共利益所需的实际费用为限。 我已经把有感于这一聚会的想法告诉了各位,我就要向大家告辞;在此以前,我还要再一次以谦卑的心情祈求仁慈的上帝给予
9、扶助。因为承蒙上帝的恩赐,美国人民有了深思熟虑的机会,有了为确保联邦的安全和幸福,用前所未有的一致意见来决定政府体制的权利;既然如此,上帝将同样明显地保佑我们逐步扩大眼界,稳定地进行协商,并采取明智的措施,而这些都是本届政府取得成功所必不可缺少的依靠。 unitedstatesfirstpresidentgeorgewashingtoninauguralspeech 1789 year month 30 unitedstatesexperimentofthesenateandthehouseofthepeople,fellowcitizens:ontheupsanddownsoflife,no
10、thingcouldbebetterthan14th,uponreceiptofyournoticeservedonhim,makesmeanxious.ononehand,countriescallitookuptheofficeofpresident,forhercall,icanonlyobeythewhimsy.butiamstillverymuchfavored,andchosetoretire,imfullofhope,perseverance,determinationtosomehowwiththisasigetolder.starmoving,ifeelmoreandmore
11、necessarytoretreatandkind,becausethesparetime,imusedto;orbecausepeoplegradually,thebodyoftenfeelunwell.theotherhand,theresponsibilityofstatescalledmesobigandhardenoughtomakethemostintelligentandexperiencedpeopledudeliangliandmytalentdullandnoexperienceinciviladministration,shouldfeeltheirownlackofab
12、ility,andthereforefinditdifficulttoundertakethisimportanttask.withsuchmixedfeelings,idareaveris,throughacorrectunderstandingofdiligencethatmayhaveanimpact,butmyconstantintention.ionlydarehopeofis,ifiinexecutivethisitemstaskshiduetoaddictionyupast,orduetoheartfeltwascitizenswereoniheightoftrust,thuse
13、xcessivelybyhaseffects,thatinprocessingneverexperiencehadofeventshi,ignoredhashimselfofincompetenceandnegative,ioferrorswillwillformotivationpureandreduce,andeveryoneinjudgeerrorsofconsequencesshi,alsowillappropriatecatholicproducedthesemotivationofbias.sincethisismeinobediencetosummonsthoughtsofser
14、vingthepublic,then,thisoccasionofoath,ifnotferventlyinvokethealmightygodisaverywrongthing.becausegodruledtheuniverse,dominatedbygovernments,itsgodcouldhelpmakeupforanydeficienciesinhuman.maygodbless,blessaunitedstatesgovernmentthefreedomandhappinessofthepeopleand,blessitsdedicationtothesefundamental
15、purposes,blessthepoliticaladministrativemeasurescansuccessfullyplayaroleinmycharge.ibelievethat,inthepublicinterestandtheprivateinterestofthegreatfounderoftenderingthishomage,thesewordsalsoexpresstheviewsofmembersandthevastmajorityofcitizens.noonecanbeboundtoacknowledgeandadoremorethanamericansincha
16、rgeofhumanaffairsofgod.theyintowardsindependentnationalofprocessinthe,seemstoeachgoasteparehasaspeciesdaysyowofsigns;theyinjustcompletedoffederalgovernmentsystemofmajorreforminthe,ifnotduetoloyaltyofthanksgivingandgetaspeciesreturns,ifnothumilitytolooksforwardtowithpasthasindicatesofgavefuofcoming,s
17、o,throughmanydistinctofgroupofcalmthinkingandvoluntaryendorsestocompletedreform,thiswayistowithmostgovernmentinformedprocessinthebyusedofwaycomparedtoof.atthecrossroads,ihavetheseideasreallyhasdeepfeelingsandsentiments.iandiamsureyouwillhavethesamefeeling,thatis,ifyoudonotrelyonthepowerofgod,anewlib
18、eralgovernmentwillnotbeabletodoeverythingfromthebeginning.accordingtothetermsoftheestablishmentoftheexecutivebranch,thepresidenthastheresponsibilityashedeemsnecessaryandappropriatemeasurestodrawcongress.butatthisoccasiontomeetwithyou,iamafraididonotfurtherdiscussthisissue,butsimplymentionagreatconst
19、itution,itgatheredtogethertoday,itsetsoutyourpowers,pointsout,youshouldpayattentiontothegoals.insuchsituations,moreappropriateandmorelikelytoreflectmypassionisnotputforwardspecificmeasures,butpraisetheelection,aregoingtoplanandadoptthesemeasurestothetalents,integrityandpatriotism.ifromthesenoblechar
20、acterintheseehasmostreliableofguarantee:one,anyplacebiasorplacefeelings,anyviewsdifferencesorpartyhostile,arecannotmakeswedeviatedfromglobalconceptandfairviews,thatmustmaintenancethisbydifferentareaanddifferentinterestsbyformedofcoalitionregime;so,second,chinaofpolicywillwilltopurenotmovedofpersonal
21、moralprinciplesforbased,andfreegovernmentwillwilltowonheartsandworldrespectofallfeaturesanddisplayeditssuperiority.ionnationalofaloveofheartincentivewithifulljoytoprospectthissitevision,becauseaccordingtonatureofruleanddevelopmenttrend,invirtueandhappinesszhijian,responsibilityandinterestszhijian,ad
22、heretothehonestgenerousofpolicyandobtainedsocialprosperityhappinessoffruitzhijian,hasinseparableofrelationship;becauseweshouldalsobelieves,godpersonallyprovideshaseternaloforderandrightrule,itnevermayonignoredtheseruleofnationalciyansmiling;becausepeoplegrantedto,andfullsoulfulto,andmaybelasttimewas
23、tomaintainthesacredfireoflibertyandthefateoftherepublicangovernment,dependsamericans,stakedonthepractice.inadditiontodrawattentiontogeneralmatters,atthispoint,accordingtothenatureofthevariousopinionsvehementlyopposedrepublicanism,ordifferentdegreesaccordingtotheseviews,ifnecessary,exerciseofthefifth
24、articleoftheconstitutiongrantsthebenefitsofrights,willrelyonyoutomakeajudgementanddecisions.inthisproblemshang,icannotfrompastservedashadofpositionsinthefoundreference,soinotmentionspecificrecommends,butagainoncecompletelytrustmembersonpublicinterestsofidentifyandpursuit;becauseibelieves,membersaslo
25、ngascautionavoidmadeanymayendangersolidarityandgovernmentinterestsofamendment,oravoidmadeshouldwaitingfutureexperiencelessonsofamendment,so,membersonfreepeopleuniquerightofrespectandonsocialsettledofconcern,onenoughtoeffectseveryonecarefullyconsideredinwhatdegreeshangfirmtostrengthenedformer,andharm
26、lessforthelatter.inadditiontotheabovecomments,iwouldalsoliketoaddthat,andproposethemostappropriatetothehouse.thiscommentconcernsme,itshouldtrytospeakbriefly.thefirsttimeihavethehonourtorespondtowhenthecountrycomesastheoccasionofplainlivingandhardstruggleforfreedominourcountry,myviewofmydutiesrequire
27、smetowaiveanyemolument.ihaveneverdeviatedfromthatdecision.now,promptedmetomakethissamedecisionstillcomesoverme,soimustdeclineforallidontfitanyofthepersonalallowances,asthesebenefitsmaybeincludedinandbecomeanintegralpartofthestandingfundforgovernmentdepartments.similarly,imustbegthequestion,intheesti
28、mationofwhencostsiassumedtheposition,canaccordingtothetermofofficeshallbelimitedtotheactualcostsrequiredinthepublicinterest.iveputtheideaofimmortalityinthepartytellsyou,illleavetoeveryone;priortothat,iwouldalsoliketoonceagainbeggingformercyandwithhumilitytogodforhelp.becausethegiftofthegraceofgod,un
29、itedstatespeoplehaveachancetodeliberate,inordertoensurethesafetyandwell-beingofthecommonwealth,withunprecedentedconsensustodeterminethesystemofgovernmentpower;inthatcase,godblessusgraduallybroadentheirhorizonswillalsoclearandsteadilytoconsultandtakesensiblemeasures,whichareindispensableforthesuccessoftheadministrationisrelyingon.第12页 共12页