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(每日一练)2023年人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters考点总结
单选题
1、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis, and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery ________your pet needs a facelift.
A.in caseB.even thoughC.as ifD.ever since
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:商店出售宠物裤和比基尼,如果你的宠物需要整容,医生会给它做整容手术。A. in case假如,如果;B. even though虽然,即使;C. as if犹如,好似;D. ever since从那时起。根据句意,“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件,应用in case引导条件状语从句。故选A项。
2、This is the first birthday gift ________ I received. I’ve kept it many years.
A.whichB.thatC.whoD.what
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这是我收到的第一份生日礼物。我已经保存了很多年了。空处引导定语从句,在定语从句中缺少宾语,且先行词gift被序数词first修饰,所以应用关系代词that。故选B。
3、That is the famous university _____my friend and I visited last summer vacation.
A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what
答案:C
考查定语从句关系词。句意:那是我和朋友去年暑假参观的著名大学。此处是定语从句,先行词等于关系词,先行词是the famous university,指物,在从句中做宾语,因先行词在主句中作表语,只能用关系代词that。故选C项。
4、We should do all ________ is useful to people.
A.whoB.thatC.itD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A. who谁;B. that那个,引导从句;C. it它;D. which哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是all,排除D。引导词用that,在从句中作主语。故选B。
5、But since test scores still________gaokao(college entrance exam), it may be difficult to completely________private tutoring institutions that help students cram for exams.
A.deliver … wrap upB.decide … stick to
C.dominate … root outD.depend … throw out
答案:C
考查动词(短语)词义辨析。句意:但由于高考成绩仍占主导地位,可能很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构。A. deliver 投递、wrap up包裹、圆满完成;B. decide决定、stick to坚持;C. dominate占主导地位、root out根除;D. depend取决于、throw out扔掉。根据句意,因为高考仍然以考试成绩为主,所以很难彻底根除帮助学生备考的私人辅导机构,所以第一空表示“占主导地位”;第二空表示“根除”,故选C。
6、As is often suggested, we should try to deal with everything in a peaceful way rather than by means of ______.
A.forceB.strengthC.powerD.energy
答案:A
考查名词词义辨析。句意:正如人们经常建议的那样,我们应该尝试用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。A. force武力;B. strength力量,优势;C. power权力;D. energy精力。根据“ in a peaceful way”和“rather than”可知,此处表示用和平的方式而不是用武力来解决一切问题。故选A。
7、—Tomorrow is Teachers’ Day. What is your surprise for our English teacher?
—The first thing ________ I will do is to make an English card for her.
A.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that
答案:D
考查定语从句。句意:——明天是教师节。你给我们的英语老师什么惊喜?——我要做的第一件事是给她做一张英语卡。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是thing,被序数词first修饰,指物,关系词在从句中作宾语,只用关系代词that。故选D项。
8、Recycling can reduce carbon emissions,________ producing new products from recycled objects generally saves energy.
A.becauseB.as ifC.althoughD.in case
答案:A
考查连词辨析。句意:回收能减少碳排放,因为使用回收的材料生产新产品通常来说会节约能源。A. because 因为;B.as if 好像; C. although尽管;D.in case以防。由语意可知,后面一个分句是前面分句的原因,用回收的材料生产新产品节约能源是减少碳排放的原因。故选A项。
9、The nurse will be ______ when needed, so it’s unnecessary to worry about the patient.
A.in the open airB.on handC.in shockD.now and then
答案:B
考查固定短语词义辨析。句意:需要时护士会在旁边,所以不必担心病人。A. in the open air在户外;B. on hand在场,在旁边;C. in shock处于震惊之中;D. now and then时而,有时。根据句意可知,不必担心病人,因为如果病人有需要,护士会在旁边,“on hand”意为“在跟前,在旁边”,符合句意。故选B项。
10、I wish to thank Mrs. Smith, without ______help I would never make so much progress.
A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我要感谢史密斯太太,没有她的帮助,我决不会取得这么大的进步。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Mrs. Smith,在从句中作定语,应用whose,故选B。
11、The Beatles, ____________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.
A.whatB.that
C.howD.as
答案:D
考查关系代词as引导的定语从句。句意:The Beatles,你们很多人都记得,来自利物浦。此处as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作remember的宾语,意为“正如”,表示正如你们小时候记得的那个人。what用于引导名词性从句,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。that引导限制性定语从句。how引导名词性从句,意为“如何”。故选D。
12、The police found the two “stolen” notebooks were left in a gift bag________the original blue box________the notebooks were kept in and a brown envelope.
A.containing; whereB.to contain; whichC.containing; /D.to contain; that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:警方发现,这两本“被盗”的笔记本被放在一个里面装着存放这两本笔记本的原来的蓝色盒子和一个棕色信封的礼品袋里。此题第一空考查非谓语动词,contain与逻辑主语a gift bag为主谓关系,应用现在分词containing,作后置定语。第二空考查定语从句,先行词为the original blue box,在限制性定语从句中作介词in的宾语,为物,设空处可用关系代词that/which,也可省略。故选C项。
13、The exact year ________ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ________ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A.which; whereB.when; when
C.which; whenD.when; that
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:露西亚和她的家人在中国度过的那一年正是北京奥运会举办的那一年。分析可知,第一空引导定语从句,先行词是year,指物,从句中的spent 缺少宾语,应用关系代词which/that引导;第二空引导表语从句,从句需要时间状语,应用when引导。综上,故选C。
小提示:
14、The boy is always found______in reading books.
A.to buryB.buryingC.buriedD.buries
答案:C
考查过去分词作主语补足语。句意:男孩总是被发现埋头读书。be buried in是“埋头于”,find sb done“发现某人被”的被动是:sb be found done,过去分词作主语补足语。故选C。
15、When the big earthquake happened, in less than a minute, the whole city lay ______.
A.in ruinsB.in troubleC.in dangerD.in shock
答案:A
考查固定短语辨析。句意;大地震发生时,不到一分钟,整个城市就成了一片废墟。in ruins严重受损;破败不堪;in trouble处于不幸中;in danger处于危险中;in shock震惊。地震发生导致整个城市成为废墟。故选A。
小提示:
16、The house, ___________I bought last year, needs to be repaired.
A.whichB.whereC.thatD.when
答案:A
考查非限制性定语从句。句意:我去年买的房子需要修理。分析句子结构可知,非限制性定语从句当中缺少宾语,先行词是the house,所以应用关系代词which来引导。故选A。
17、For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A.suffering, reading, it hardB.suffering from, reading, it hard
C.suffering from, to read, hardD.suffering, to read, hard
答案:B
考查非谓语动词,代词it,形容词和短语。句意:对于许多老年人,尤其是那些患有健康问题的老年人来说,视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读,而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析句子可知,“_____health issues”作定语,修饰those,suffer from“患……病”,suffer“遭受”,由health issue“健康问题”可知,用suffer from,与主语those是主动关系,用现在分词形式作定语;“make+宾语+宾补”是固定用法,作宾语用动名词reading,不定式一般置后;空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use touch-screens”,用形式宾语it,接形容词hard作宾语补足语,综上,故选B。
18、We sell a lot of products abroad and the opportunity to open-up markets in regions ________ we don’t currently sell a lot to is a great one.
A.whereB.thatC.whatD.when
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我们在海外销售了很多产品,在目前销量不大的地区打开市场的机会非常大。空处引导定语从句,先行词regions,指物,在定语从句中作宾语,需用关系代词that引导。故选B。
19、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
20、The hours the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affected their relationships with real-life people.
A.whenB.thatC.in whichD.on which
答案:B
考查定语从句关系词。句意:孩子们花几个小时的时间和电视机前的人保持单向的关系,这无疑影响了他们与现实生活中的人的关系。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是The hours,指物,在从句中宾语,用关系代词that/which。故选B项。
21、The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A.thatB.whichC.asD.it
答案:D
考查代词。句意:战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知,该句的主语为the war and the suffering,谓语动词为had,主谓之间为限定性定语从句,修饰名词suffering;根据句意分析,是“战争”带来了痛苦,先行词suffering,为物,在定语从句中作caused的宾语,从句可用关系代词that或which引导,也可省略关系代词;但是定语从句还缺少主语the war,此处选指示代词it,指代the war。本句完整的表达为:The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。
22、It is very important to remain________in an emergency.
A.calmB.stillC.quietD.silent
答案:A
考查形容词词义辨析。句意:在紧急情况下保持冷静是非常重要的。A. calm镇静的;B. still静止的;C. quiet安静的;D. silent沉默的。根据an emergency,结合常识可知,遇到突发情况时应保持镇静。故选A。
23、Do you know anything about the accident _________ in the street yesterday?
A.happenedB.was happening
C.which happenedD.which was happened
答案:C
考查定语从句和时态。句意:你是否了解有关昨天在街上发生的那起事故的情况?填空部分是定语从句的主语和谓语部分,先行词是the accident,指物,关系词在从句中做主语,用关系代词which,结合时间状语yesterday可知,从句谓语happen为一般过去时,不及物动词happen不能变为被动。故选C项。
24、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
25、The bird flu ________through Asia has jumped from birds to humans at least 20 times so far, ________16 persons.
A.sweeps; killedB.swept; killingC.sweeping; to killD.sweeping; killing
答案:D
考查非谓语动词。句意:到目前为止,席卷亚洲的禽流感已经从鸟类传播到人类至少20次,造成16人死亡。A.sweeps; killed 席卷;杀死;B.swept; killing 席卷;杀死;C.sweeping; to kill席卷;杀死;D.sweeping; killing席卷;杀死。分析句子可知谓语动词是has jumped,推断两个空格处都是非谓语动词,排除A选项(sweeps是第三人称单数);第一空处The bird flu和sweep之间是主动关系,用现在分词作后置定语,排除B(swept是过去式或过去分词);第二空处用现在分词作结果状语,表示顺其自然的结果,排除C(动词不定式表示出乎意料的结果)。故选D。
26、According to the scientists, the little polar bear will be the first ________ the extreme cold.
A.to surviveB.survivingC.to be survivingD.survived
答案:A
考查非谓语动词。句意:根据科学家的说法,这只小北极熊将是第一个在极端寒冷中幸存下来的。当动词修饰序数词或形容词最高级时,常使用不定式作后置定语;根据句意可知,此处陈述事实,应用不定式的一般式。故选A。
27、Try to avoid such things ________will do you harm, unless you don't care about the rumors from all directions.
A.thatB.asC.whichD.as that
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:除非你不在乎四面八方的谣言,否则尽量避免那些对你有害的事情。在定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词things被such修饰,所以应用关系代词as。故选B。
28、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
29、In China, many modern cities have excellent subway systems ______ can take people everywhere in the city.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:在中国,许多现代城市都有完善的地铁系统,可以把人们带到城市的任何地方。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系词引导定语从句,先行词是systems,指物,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故选C。
30、Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A.that; whereB.which; that C.where; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句。句意:事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗?根据句子结构,第一空为which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the village,先行词在定语从句中作live in的宾语,应用关系代词which引导;分析句子,全句使用了强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式,本句强调的是原句中地点状语“in the village where we used to live in”,句子其它部分由that引出。故选B。
完成句子
31、我突然想到,我们应该制订一个新的方案。
_________that we _________a new plan. (strike, ought)
答案: It struck me ought to make
考查固定句型和时态。“某人突然想到”用固定句型it strikes/struck sb. that,根据句意可知,句子描述过去发生的事,应用一般过去时,“应该做某事”应用ought to do sth.,“制定”应用动词make,注意it位于句首,首字母大写,故第一空填It struck me,第二空填ought to make。
32、仿佛到了世界末日。
It seemed________ the world were coming to an end.
答案:as if
考查连词。对比中英文句子,表达“仿佛”可用as if,此处引导表语从句。故填as if。
小提示:
33、这支笔和我昨天买的一样。
This is __________________ I bought yesterday.
答案:the same pen as
考查定语从句。该空后是定语从句I bought yesterday,被the same修饰的先行词pen,指物,在从句中作宾语,用关系代词as,构成the same...as (与……一样)结构,表同类事物。故填the same pen as。
34、是约翰打破了窗户。为什么你跟我说话的感觉就好像这事是我做的呢?
It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__________?
答案:had done it
考查虚拟语气。分析句意再根据as if可知,此处为虚拟语气在as if从句中的应用,再根据上文的was可知,此处描述的是与过去事实相反的虚拟,所以用过去完成时。故答案为had done it。
35、我不知道他为什么一直看着我,好像认识我似的。
I don't know why he is looking at me ______ ______ ______ ______ me.
答案: as if he knew
考查as if虚拟语气。表示“好像,似乎”用as if引导从句,as if从句中表达与事实相反的情况时要用虚拟语气;根据句意和主句中时态可知,句中讲述的是现在的情况,as if从句中表达的是对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时;根据句意从句中需补上主语he,“认识”是从句谓语动词,用动词know表示,过去式为knew。故填①as;②if;③he;④knew。
36、谁是你家的顶梁柱?
Who is the person ______ ______ ______ ______?
答案: that supports your family
考查定语从句。根据句意可知,空处是定语从句,修饰先行词the person,先行词在定语从句中做主语。因为本小题是以who开头的特殊疑问句,所以只用关系词that。“顶梁柱”即为“养家糊口的人”,可以用“support one’s family”。本句是叙述一个事实,要用一般现在时。故本空格可填(1). that (2). supports (3). your (4). family。
37、尽管遭受了洪灾,但他决不屈服。
Even though he________ ________ ________, he would never give in.
答案: suffered from flood
考查时态和名词。结合句意表示“遭受”可知短语为suffer from,结合后文would可知用一般过去时,后跟名词flood作宾语。故填suffered from flood。
38、众所周知,抽烟会损害我们的健康。(一句多译)
(1)As we all know, smoking can ____________(damage n.)
(2)It is well known that smoking can ____________.(damage vt.)
答案: do/cause damage to our health damage our health
考查动词短语、名词短语和情态动词。小题1中,提示词damage作名词,结合句意可知,此处考查固定短语do/cause damage to,意为“损害……”,表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health;故小题1填do/cause damage to our health。
考查动词和名词短语。小题2中,提示词damage作动词,结合句意可知,damage在句中作谓语动词,因为设空前有情态动词can,所以damage用原形;表示“我们的健康”,用名词短语our health。故小题2填damage our health。
39、地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏,这对旅行是不安全的。
The earthquake did great damage to the bridges, __________________ for travelling.
答案:which was not safe
考查非限制性定语从句和时态。根据提示,“地震对桥梁造成了很大的破坏”这件事对旅行是不安全的,所以后半句应用非限制性定语从句。当先行词指代整个主句内容时,从句用which引导。“安全”译为:be safe。从句时态应与主句的一般过去时保持一致。故填which was not safe。
40、为了应对未来的问题,我们应该养成良好的工作习惯,提高生活技能。(定语从句)
________ , we should develop good working habits and improve our life skills.
答案:To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future
考查非谓语动词、动词短语、名词和定语从句。表示“应对”,可用动词短语cope with。表示“问题”,可用名词problem。根据要求用定语从句来修饰“问题”。“未来的问题”实际上就是指“未来我们遇到的问题”。在该从句中,应该用we作主语。表示“遇到”,可用meet with。先行词problems作meet的宾语,应该用关系代词which/that引导从句,且关系代词还可省略。表示“未来”,可用in the future。因此,从句可翻译为:that we may meet with in the future。“为了应对未来的问题”表目的,应该用动词不定式表示。故填To cope with the problems that we may meet with in the future。
语法填空
41、When you recite, you read aloud a poem or piece of literature ________ you have learned. (用适当的词填空)
答案:which##that
考查定语从句。句意:当你背诵时,你大声朗读你所学的一首诗或一篇文学作品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是a poem or piece of literature,指物,在从句中作learn的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。
42、The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood _________(deliver) food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:delivering
考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一个杂货商的儿子,他童年的每个夏天都在新泽西州的伯纳兹维尔运送食物。此题考查spend time (in) doing sth.,意为“花时间做某事”,deliver用动名词形式作宾语。故填delivering。
43、I was having breakfast with my three children _________ water started filling my home. (用适当的词填空)
答案:when
考查时间状语从句。句意:我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时水突然开始灌满我的家。根据固定句型be doing sth when ...(正在做某事,这时突然……)可知,空格处填when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
44、After ________ (suffer) from insomnia (失眠) for a few months, I was feeling mentally and physically exhausted. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:suffering
考查动名词。句意:经过几个月的失眠,我感到身心疲惫。介词after后需接动名词作宾语。故填suffering。
45、He is regarded as a superhero _______ everyone should learn from. (用适当的词填空)
答案:who##whom##that
考查定语从句。句意:他被认为是每个人都应该学习的超级英雄。分析句子,设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词superhero,引导词在从句中作宾语,指代人。故填who/whom/that。
46、Those _______ have made achievements in their careers are worthy of respect.(用适当的词填空)
答案:who
考查连词。句意:那些在事业上取得成就的人是值得尊敬的。分析句子可知,空处引导限定性定语从句,先行词是Those,指人,且定语从句中缺少主语应用who来引导,注意当先行词为人称代词those时候,连词只能为who,不可用that。故填who。
47、All _______ he has in mind is how to gain fame, _______ is quite wrong. (用适当的词填空)
答案: that which
考查定语从句。句意:他所想的就是如何获得名声,这是完全错误的。第一个空引导限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作宾语,指代all,不定代词,应用that;第二个空引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词在从句中作主语,指代上文整个句子,应用which,故填that;which。
48、The ________ team made countless ________ during the earthquake.(rescue)(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: rescue rescues
考查名词。句意:救援队在地震中进行了无数次救援。结合语意,第一空应填名词rescue,构成rescue team,表示“救援队”,第二空应填名词rescue,表示“救援行动”,此时为可数名词,应用复数形式表示泛指,作动词made的宾语。故填rescue,rescues。
49、___________(suffer)from poor eyesight, he could no longer read properly. (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:Suffering##Having suffered
考查非谓语动词。句意:由于视力不好,他无法再正常地阅读。分析句子可知,此处应用动词非谓语形式作状语,suffer from与逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语,结合语意可知,此处意为“遭受到”或“已遭受到”,故此处可用现在分词的一般式或现在分词的完成式,故此处应填suffering或者having suffered。
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