文章开头句型.doc

文章开头句型
I. 对立法
文章开头首先引出人们对要讨论的问题的不同看法，然后提出作者自己的不同看法，或偏向那个看法。对立法的句型多用于有争议性的主题。

1.(1) When asked about…, the vast majority of people say that … But other people regard/view/see/think of… as….
I think/view quite/a bit different.

e.g. When asked about the biggest problem today, many people say that it is the serious energy crisis. They are afraid that the world will soon run out of oil and run short of food. But other people hold optimistic views: they regard it as a natural result of the economic development and believe it will be only solved with further advances in economy and technology.

2.(2) When it comes to…, some people think/believe that…. Others argue/claim that the opposite/reverse is true. There is probably some truth in both arguments/statements, but….

e.g.(2.3) When it comes to what makes the world go round, some people say that it is love. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love; it is money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round.

3.(3)There is a public/general/much debate/discussion/controversy today/nowadays on/about/over/as to/the problem/issue of …. Those who criticize/oppose/object to… contend/argue that….
They believe that…. But people who advocate/favour…, on the other hand, maintain/assert that….

4.(9)…is a popular/widespread/common method/way of …, but is it a fair/wise/reasonable one?
The/Its method/way/value/wisdom is now being questioned/challenged by more and more people.

II. 现象法
对某种社会现象、倾向或社会问题进行剖析的文章往往在文章一开始首先引出这种现象或问题，然后评论。

1.(12) Recently the issue/problem/question of … have been brought into focus/brought to public attention/posed among the general public.

e.g.(13.1) The problem of development vs. environment has now been brought into focus.

(13.2) In recent years an interesting fact has been brought to public attention: as educational levels, salaries, and the cost of living have increased, more and more people are now having fewer and fewer children to the point where schools in many cities have to close down.

2.(14)In recent/the past 5 years, many cities/nations/people have been faced/troubled with the serious problem of/ acute shortage of/alarming increase in….
many people have experienced/witnessed/undergone…

e.g.(14.2) In recent years, China has experienced an alarming increase in juvenile crime—that is, crime committed by individuals who haven’t come of age.

3.(15) One of the searching/burning/pressing/interesting questions/problems facing/confronting our nation/society/world today is…

e.g.(15.1)One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise or threat does new technology hold for our global future?

4.(23) Nowadays/Currently/Recently there is a general belief in /that…/serious concern over/for/that…/keen interest in…/growing demand for…
5. （16.1）One of the most popular things/biggest issues/hottest topics/most serious problems many people talk/complain about now is…
III. 引用法
文章开头通过引用名人名言，或有代表性的看法见解来引出文章要展开讨论的一种观点。

1.(34) One of the great early men/writers/philosophers/scientists said/write/remarked that….
If this is true/ the case, then the present/current view/value/attitude/situation should make us wonder whether/ ponder over/about….

e.g. (34.1) One of the great early socialists said that the status of women in a society is a pretty reliable index of the degree of civilization of that society. If it is true, then the present low status of woman in management should make us ponder about whether our management is civilized at all.

2.(35) “Knowledge is power.” “Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration. Such is the opinion of /remark made by Bacon/Edison. This view/remark has been shared/confirmed now/time and again by more and more people/many historical events.

e.g. Education is not complete with graduation. Such is the opinion of Mortimer J. Adler, a great American philosopher. Now more and more people share his opinion. No college or university can educate its students by the time they graduate; and no one should be content to simply end education with high school education or college education. Education is a lifetime study.

3.(36) “…” That’s how one college student/official/housewife/father described/commented/complained/criticized…
He/She is hardly alone in the experience.
Many people have shared the experience like this.
4. (38) “…” How often we hear/We are used to hearing/Many people have heard such statement/words/complaint like/as this/those.
IV 问题法
主要用于讨论一个有争议性主题的文章。文章开头用一个要讨论或解答的问题设问，可以一下激起读者的兴趣。
51. Should/What…? Opinions of/ Attitudes toward… vary widely/greatly./from person to person.
Some think of /regard/view… as… Others argue/believe/claim…
e.g. 51.3 What does it take to succeed in one’s studies or career? Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal circumstances, some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck- being in the right place and the right time. Others speak of utter devotion to work, combined with a degree of ruthlessness.
52. How do you/What do you/Do you ever think of…?
How do you/ What do you/Do you ever see...? Your answer to these questions will differ,/reflect…/reveal… but…