情态动词.doc

部分情态动词讲解与练习（初二）
一、 情态动词can.
1. 表示能力：能，会=be able to
She can swim. = She is able to swim.
I couldn’t / wasn’t able to dance in the past.
--- Can you speak Japanese? / Are you able to speak Japanese?
--- Yes, I can. (No, I can’t.) / Yes, I am. (No, I’m not.)
2. 表示推测
（1）用于疑问句：
Can it be true? 这是真的吗？ Where can he be? 他可能在哪儿呢？
（2）用于否定句，“can’t”意为“不可能”。
She’s in the library. She can’t be at home.
You ____ learn English well without opening your mouth. A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
3. 表示请求允许或表达许可
---Can I watch TV now? --- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t/mustn’t)
---Could/Can I try them on? ---Yes, of course/you can.
Don’t play football in the street. = You ____________ play football in the street.
“can’t”表示不同意时，意为“不可以，不能”，语气强时还可以用‘“mustn’t”.
二、 情态动词may
1. 表示请求允许或表达许可
（1）---May I park my car here?
---Yes, you may. ( 表示许可) No, you can’t/ mustn’t.（表示不同意）
(2) ---May I open the window?
---Yes, you may. / Yes, please. / No, please don’t. It’s cold outside.
(3) ---May I come in? ---Yes. Come in, please.
(4) ---May I use your ruler? --- Sure, here you are. / Sorry, I’m using it.
(5) --- May I speak to Alice? 我找Alice接电话。
---Just a minute./ Wait a moment. 请稍等。
Speaking. / Yes, speaking. This is Alice here.说吧，我就是。
Is that Jack speaking? 是Jack吗？
Hold on, please.请别挂断。
Sorry, she is out. 对不起，她出去了。
Sorry, there is no Alice here. 对不起，这里没有Alice这个人。
2. 表示推测， 意为“可能，也许”。
(1) He may know it. = Maybe he knows it. 他也许知道这件事。
(2) This book _______ _______ Helen’s. = Maybe this book _______ Helen’s.这本书也许是海伦的。
(3) 今晚可能有一场电影。
There _______ ______ a film this evening. =________ there ______ ______ a film this evening.
(今晚有一场电影。There will be / is going to be a film this evening.)
三、 情态动词must
1. must 必须,
(1.) You must finish the work today.你今天必须完成这项工作。（强调说话人的主观意志）
I’ll have to water the young trees tomorrow.我明天得给那些幼树浇水。（强调客观需要）
(2.) ---Must I clean the room now? ---Yes, you must. (No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.)
---Must she go right now? ---Yes, she must. (No, she needn’t. / No, she doesn’t have to.)
选择：( )---Must I answer the question in English?
---No, you don’t ______. You ______ answer it in Chinese.
A. have to, must B. must, can C. have to, may
2. mustn’t 表示禁止，不允许，不可以，语气很强。(语气弱时可用can’t)
You mustn’t talk in class.你不该上课讲话。
We mustn’t play football in the street.我们不应该在街上踢球。
你不能在红灯亮时横穿马路。You ___________ cross the street when the lights are red.
3. must 还可以表示推测：一定，准是。
She must have some pocket money.她一定有些零花钱。
He must be at home.他一定在家。
You must be hungry after the long walk.走了那么长的路，你一定饿了。
四、 need
1. 名词
We’re willing to help the people in need.
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
2. need sth./sb.行为动词，有人称、数和时态的变化。
She needs a pen.
--- Do you need a pen? ---Yes, I do.
He doesn’t need a pen.
3. need to do sth. 行为动词
He needs to water the garden.
You don’t need to clean the room.
4. need sth. /sb.to do sth 行为动词
Do you need a room to live in.
She needs you to help her.
5. need doing sth = need to be done行为动词
My bike is broken. It needs repairing= It needs to be repaired.我的自行车坏了，需要修。
My hair needs cutting / to be cut.我头发要理。
The walls need painting / to be painted.
6. need do sth .情态动词，无人称、数和时态的变化。
You needn’t finish your homework today. You can finish it tomorrow.
2