土木工程英语翻译1doc.doc

Chapter 10 Construction Management 建设管理部门10.1 the procurement and implementation of structural steel for buidings begins with the owners decision to use steel as the primary structural system for the building采购和实现的钢结构的建筑开始与业主的决定使用钢作为主要结构系统的构建this decision is generally made early in the design process in conjunction with the architect and structural engineer for the project10.1 这个决定通常是在设计过程中尽早做出会同建筑师和结构工程师的项目the construction manager or design-build firm advises the owner on material availability设计、建设施工经理或公司建议业主在材料的可用性costs, suitability 成本、适用性and scheduling aspects of the structural frame types和调度方面的结构性框架类型in many cases 在许多情况下the construction manager or design-build firm consults with steel fabricators for preliminary pricing设计、建设施工经理或公司担任钢铁制造商为初步定价scheduling, and layout information that is used in deciding which structural system to utilize调度和布局信息,用于决定哪些结构系统利用Structural Design 结构设计Once the decision is made to use a structural steel frame, the architect and structural engineer proceed with structural design layouts for the building. 一旦决定使用一个钢结构框架,建筑师和结构工程师进行结构设计布局的建筑。Contract Documents合同文件Upon completion of the schematic design studies, the architect and structural engineer proceed with design development and contract documents of the structural engineer is primarily responsible for engineering of the structural steel frame and development of the detailed structural contract documents. The structural documents include foundation plans and details, structural notes, and design loads, column schedules , schedules details, structural notes ,and design loads, as well as the structural specification. 在完成方案设计研究,建筑师和结构工程师进行设计开发和合同文件的结构工程师主要负责工程的钢结构框架和开发的详细结构合同文件。结构文档包括基金会计划和细节,结构性票据,和设计荷载,列时间表,日程安排的细节,结构性票据,和设计荷载,以及结构规范。Bidding n. 投标；出价；命令 After completion of the contract documents, the owner and architect prepare the bidding documents, bidding documents are used together with contract documents to obtain bids from contractors for the construction of the building. The owner and architect solicit bids from qualified contractors, using these documents, Bids for structural steel maybe in the from of subcontract prices, which are included in the general contractors lump sum proposal , or the owner may divide the project into separate prime contracts with the steel contractor bidding directly to the owner . When the owner employs a construction manager or design-build firm , the construction entity usually takes lead role in preparing the bidding documents and managing the bidding process for the owner. 建成后的合同文件的所有者和架构师准备投标文件、招标文件一起使用与合同文件获得从承包商投标建造的建筑。业主和建筑师恳求的竞标合格的承包商,使用这些文档,竞购钢结构也许在从分包合同的价格,这是包含在总承包的一次性的建议,或者拥有者可以将这个项目划分成单独的黄金合约与钢承包商投标直接向老板。当老板雇佣了一个施工经理或公司设计、建设、施工单位通常需要领导角色在准备招标文件和管理竞标过程的所有者。 During the bidding process, the general contractor defines the subcontract workscopes and solicits subcontract prices from steel fabricator, erectors, and specialty contractors. The general contractor may wish to subcontract the complete structural steel package to a single steel subcontractor, or may choose to divide the steel portion of the project into multiple subcontracts. In the case of a single subcontract, the general contractor will identify a qualified steel fabricator or erector to obtain a bid for the complete structural steel package. 在竞标过程中,定义了workscopes总承包商和分包合同分包合同征求价格从钢铁制造者,基层网点建设者,和专业承包商。总承包商可能希望分包完整的钢结构包到一个钢分包商,或者可以选择把钢的部分项目分成多个分包合同。对于一个分包合同,总承包商将确定一个合格的钢铁制造者或安装工来获取一个竞购完整的钢结构方案。 The steel contractor (fabricator or erector) will solicit lower tier subcontract prices for the various portions of the steel package. Typically the fabricator, (who is not also an erector) would seek lower tier subcontract prices for steel erection, metal deck supply and installation, and shear studs, as well as other specialized aspects of the steel portion of the project .The steel contractor may also be charged by the general contractor with furnishing the miscellaneous fabricated steel items used throughout the project . Examples of these items are loose lintels, plates, and bolts installed by the mason, or steel pipe railings and metal stairs. If these items are to be included in the steel contractors subcontract, the general contractor should specifically include these in the subcontract workscope. 钢铁承包商(制造者或安装工)将征求分包价格较低的层的各个部分钢包。典型的制作者,(没有一个安装工)将寻求降低分包钢材的价格线安装、金属甲板供应和安装和抗剪螺栓,以及其他专业方面的钢的部分项目。钢铁承包商也可能被起诉的总承包商与家具的杂项装配式钢在整个项目中使用的物品。这些项目的例子是松散的门楣,盘子,螺栓安装的梅森,或钢管栏杆和金属楼梯。如果这些物品要包括在钢承包商的分包合同,总承包商应该包括这些分包合同中具体车间。 The bidding steel contractor needs to obtain the bidding documents, construction drawings, and specifications in order to determine the requirements for the project. The steel contractor reviews the contract documents and contractual conditions to determine the scope of the work. The steel contractor always needs to be provided with the complete contract documents. 招标钢承包商需要获取招标文件、施工图纸、规格以确定项目的要求。钢铁承包商回顾了合同文件和合同条件来确定工作的范围。钢铁承包商总是需要提供完整的合同文件。 The bidding steel estimator conducts a quantity takeoff to determine the quantities of the various shapes and sizes of steel elements to be used for the project .Special conditions, connections, finishes, and fabrication requirements are noted. The steel fabricator will frequently consult with steel ills and/or steel service centers on pricing, availability and time of delivery of steel shapes to be used in the project. Steel joist and metal deck suppliers will also be consulted. The steel contractor will have a systematic approach for taking off and recording the quantities. The material takeoffs are frequently computerized with specialized industry spreadsheets. 招标钢估计量进行数量起飞来确定数量的各种形状和大小的钢元素用于项目。特殊条件、连接、装饰和制造需求指出。钢铁制造者会经常咨询钢弊病和/或钢服务中心在定价、可用性和交货时间的型钢项目中使用的。钢梁和金属甲板供应商也将咨询。钢铁商将有一个系统的方式来起飞和记录的数量。材料起飞经常电脑与专业行业电子表格。 The bidding steel contractor is often required to provide input into the preliminary project schedule by the general contractor. The steel con tractor evaluates ordering and delivery times from the mill, fabrication durations, erection sequence, and erection duration. Other elements considered are shop drawing and approval times, shop capacity, delivery times for purchased items such as metal deck and joists, and project conditions. As necessary, the steel contractor consults with lower tier subcontractors in preparing recommendations. The steel contractor makes recommendations to the general contractor regarding the schedule for steel construction. The general contractor incorporates these recommendations into the overall project schedule. 招标钢承包商经常需要提供输入到初步的项目进度的总承包商。钢铁con拖拉机评估排序和交货时间从机,制造,装配序列,并持续勃起持续时间。其他元素视为是施工图和批准时间,商店能力,交货时间对购买的物品如金属甲板和托梁和项目条件。必要时,钢承包商与分包商协商降低层准备的建议。钢铁承包商提出建议的总承包商关于时间表钢结构。这些建议的总承包商合并到整个项目时间表。 The steel contractor compiles pricing and scheduling in formation for the specified workscope and submits this information to the bidding general contractor. The general contractor evaluates competitive pricing from various steel subcontractors based on price, quality, and schedule, incorporating the selected steel subcontractor pricing into the lump sum bid. 钢铁承包商编译定价和调度在地层为指定的work-scope和提交这些信息来投标总承包商。总承包商评估有竞争力的价格从各种钢分包商基于价格、质量和进度,将选中的钢分包商的定价到整笔收购。