高二英语句子结构ppt.ppt教学内容.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,Grammar,sentences,start!,句子成份,句子一般由两个部分组成：,主语部分（,subject group,）,谓语部分（,predicate group,）,句子成份：,主,谓,宾,表,补,定,状,Members of sentence:,S-subject,P-predicative,O-object,Attri.-attribute,Adv.-adverb,Oc-object complement,主,宾,表,补,定,状,1),主语（,subject,）,I like football.,The boy needs a pen.,句子的主体，全句述说的对象。一般由,担任,常置于句首。,动词不定式,动名词,或主语从句,名词,主格代词,The sun,rises in the east.,（名词）,He,likes dancing.,（代词）,Twenty years,is a short time in history.(,数词,),Seeing,is believing.,（动名词）,To see,is to believe.,（不定式）,What he needs,is a book.,（主语从句）,It,is very clear,that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,2),谓语（,predicate,）,说明主语的动作或状态。由 担任。常置于主语后。,The train leaves at 6 oclock.,I want a ticket.,动词,常用时间状语,：,usually,sometimes,often,never,in spring,every day,in the morning,动词构成,：,be(is/am/are),动词原型,.work,动词,+,S,.,（主语是第三人称单数）,works,否定构成,：,dont,+,动原,doesnt,+,动原,一般疑问构成及简答,：,Do,+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,Yes,I do.,Does,+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,No,he doesnt.,特殊疑问举例,：,What do you often do on Sundays?Where does he live?,Exercise,The twins _(wash)the clothes every day.,Sometimes he _(play)basketball over there.,How often _ Sally _(sing)?,wash,plays,does,sing,Grammar,常用时间状语：,yesterday,last night,two days ago,in 2000,at that time,before liberation,when,等引导的含过去时的句子。,动词构成：动词过去时（,-ed,）,worked/used to work,否定构成,：,didnt+,动原,didnt work,used not(didnt use)to work,一般疑问构成及简答举例：,Did+,主语,+,动原,+,其它？,特殊疑问句举例：,What did he do yesterday?,P.S.,：,He has opened the door.,（表示过去“开门”的动作对现在的影响是门还开着）,He opened the door.(,不能确定门现在是否开着,),动词,-ed,形式的构成：,在动词后加,-ed,以字母,e,结尾的动词，只,+d,“辅音字母,+y”,，变,y,为,i,再,+ed,重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写,+ed,want,answer,move,die,carr,y,cr,y,sto,p,pla,n,wanted,moved,died,carr,i,ed,cr,i,ed,sto,pp,ed,pla,nn,ed,answered,got,drank,took,went,swam,ate,cut,were,had,did,came,said,saw,put,不规则过去式,get,take,go,swim,eat,drink,are,have,do,come,cut,put,say,see,Exercise,The twins _(wash)the clothes yesterday.,The day before yesterday he _(play)basketball over there.,_ Sally _(sing)two hours ago?,washed,played,Did,sing,一般将来时句子结构,主语,+,shall will,+,do,主语,+,is amare going to +,do,主语,+be to+,do,主语,+be about to+,do,主语,+be+,doing,(1)Your job _ open for your return.,Thanks.(06,北京,),A.will be kept B.will keep,C.had keep D.had been kept,现在进行时用法,正在进行,一直进行,与,always,连用,Look,they,are playing,football.,He,is writing,a novel this year.,My teacher,is,always,smiling,in class.,Grammar,结构,:,be(is,am,are)+,doing,标志语：,Look!Listen!now,these days,注意：,go,come,leave.arrive,return,die,等的进 行时有时表示即将发生的动作。,一般在动词原形后,+ing,以不发音的,e,结尾的，去,e,，,+ing,重读闭音节以一个辅音字母结尾的，双写这一字母,+ing,动词,-ing,形式的构成：,writing,taking,ge,tt,ing,ru,nn,ing,swi,mm,ing,going,go,ask,writ,e,tak,e,ge,t,ru,n,swi,m,asking,Exercise,The twins _(wash)the clothes now.,Look!He _(play)basketball over there.,Listen!_ Sally _(sing)?,are washing,is playing,Is,singing,过去进行时用法,过时正进,过段直进,when,while,I,was doing,my homework at eight last night.,They,were watching,TV from nine to ten yesterday.,They,were reading,aloud when the teacher came in.,Grammar,过去进行时,:,Past Progressive,概念,:,表示过去正在发生的动作,结构,:,be(was,，,were)+,doing,标志语：,at,8:00,yesterday,、,when,、,while,、,at this time yesterday,at that time,现在完成时,1.,表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为短暂性动词,.,2,未完成用法,表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可能持续下去,也可能刚刚结束,这种用法中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词,I have read the book.,He has opened the door.,Have you seen a book here?,I have lived here since my childhood.,We have learned English for four years.,It has been(is)six years since he left here.,(1)We _our new neighbors yet,so we dont know their names.(06,上海,),A.dont meet B.wont meet,C.havent met D.hadnt met,(2)The coffee is wonderful!It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.(05,全国,),A.was having B.have,C.have ever had D.had ever had,(3)My brother is an actor.He _ in several films so far.(05,浙江,),A.appears B.appeared,C.has appeared D.is appearing,3),宾语,（,object,）,I like China.,（名词）,He hates you.,（代词）,How many do you need?We need two.,（数词）,We should help the old and the poor.,I enjoy working with you.,（动名词）,I hope to see you again.,（不定式）,Did you write down what he said?,（宾语从句）,2,）介词后的名词、代词和动名词,-,介宾,Are you afraid of the snake?,Under the snow,there are many rocks.,3,）双宾语,-,间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）,He gave me a book yesterday.,Give the poor man some money.,4),表语,（,predicative,）,用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。,由,n.,或,adj.,担任。置于系动词之后。,He is a teacher.,（名词）,Seventy-four!You dont look it.,（代词）,Five and five is ten.,（数词）,He is asleep.,（形容词）,His father is in.,（副词）,The picture is on the wall.(,介词短语,),My watch is gone/missing/lost.,（形容词化的分词）,To wear a flower is to say Im poor,I cant buy a ring.,（不定式）,The question is whether they will come.,（表语从句）,除了,be,系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词，,1),表,感官的动词,:,2),表,转变变化,的动词,:,3),表,延续,的动词,feel,smell,taste,sound,look,appear,seem,等。,become,get,grow,turn,go,等,remain,keep,hold,stay,rest,等,。,定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。,Miss Yang is a chemistry teacher.,（名词）,He is our friend.,（代词）,We belong to the third world.,（数词）,He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,（形容词）,The man over there is my old friend.(,副词,),The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.(,介词,),The boys playing football are in Class 2.,（现在分词）,The trees planted last year are growing well now.,（过去分词）,I have an idea to do it well.,（不定式）,You should do everything that I do.,（定语从句）,说明,1,：当定语修饰不定代词如：,nothing,anything,everything,something,等时，定语要放在其后作后置定语,我告诉他一些有趣的事情。,I tell him something interesting.,说明,2,：,不定式、短语或从句,作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。,这间屋子里的男孩子们是,10,班的。,The boys in the room are in Class Ten.,状语：用来修饰,v.,adj.,adv.,or,句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式、让步和伴随。,（以下例句按上述顺序排列）,I will go there tomorrow.The meeting will be held in the meeting room.,The meat went bad because of the hot weather.He studies hard to learn English well.,He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam.I like some of you very much.,If you study hard,you will pass the exam.He goes to school by bike.,Though he is young,he can do it well.The teacher came in,with a book in his hand.,7),状语（,adverbial,）,用以修饰,adj.,/,v.,/,adv.,及全句,位置灵活,。,通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；,修饰,形容词或副词,时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；,表示,时间、地点、目的的状语,一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，,一些表示不确定时间（如：,often,）或程度（如：,almost,）的副词状语通常位于,be,动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。,I am very sorry.,We often help him.,When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.,（从句作时间状语,),宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。,We elected him monitor.,（名词）,We all think it a pity that she didnt come here.,（名）,We will make them happy.,（形容词）,We found nobody in.(,副词,),Please make yourself at home.,介词短语）,Dont let him do that.,（省,to,不定式）,His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,（带,to,不定式）,Dont keep the lights burning.,（现在分词）,Ill have my bike repaired.,（过去分词）,主补：对主语的补充。,He was elected monitor.,She was found singing in the next room.,He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.,二、,Exercises,：（一）分析下列句子成分：,1.Our school is not far from my home.,2.It is a great pleasure to talk with you,3.All of us considered him honest.,4.My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.,5.He broke a piece of glass.,6.He made it clear that he would leave the city.,7.I love you more than her,child.,8.Trees turn green when spring comes.,9.They pushed the door open.,10.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,主 系 表,形主,+,系,+,表,+,真主,主 及物动 宾 宾补,主双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语,主语 及物动词 宾语,主语 动词 形式宾语,it,宾语补足语,+,宾语,主语 及物动词 宾语,主 系 表,主 及物动 宾 宾补,主双宾动词间接宾语直接宾语,句子类型,简单句,并列句,复合句,三、简单句的基本句型,1.,主语 谓语,本结构是由“主语,+,不及物动词（词组）”构成,常用来表示主语的动作。如，,She came./My head aches./The sun rises.,该句型的主语可有修饰语,-,定语，如，,The red sun rises.,谓语可有修饰语,-,状语，如，,The red sun rises in the east.,2.,主语 谓语 宾语,此结构是由“主语,+,及物动词（词组）,+,宾语”构成。宾语可以是名词、代词、数词，动名词、动词不定式或词组、,the+,形容词、分词以及从句等。如，,She likes English.,The young should take good care of the old.,3.,主语 连系动词 表语,本结构主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。连系动词有：,（,1,）表示特征和存在状态的,be,seem,feel,appear,look,smell,taste,sound,等；,（,2,）表示状态延续的,remain,stay,keep,continue,stand,等；,（,3,）表示状态变化的,become,get,turn,go,run,fall,come,grow,等。,She is happy./He fell off his bike and got hurt./His advice proved(to be)right.,4.,主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语,常跟双宾语的及物动词有：,（需借助,to,的）,bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,等；,（需借助,for,的）,buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。,He sent me an English-Chinese Dictionary.=He sent an English-Chinese Dictionary to me.,She gave John a book,=She bought a book for me.,5.,主语 谓语（及物动词）宾语 宾语补足语,此结构中的宾语与宾语补足语之间存在有,内在逻辑上的主谓关系,，若无宾语补足语，则句意不完整。可以用做宾补的有名词，形容词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。,She makes her mother angry.,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,6.There be,句型,此句型是由,there+be+,主语,+,状语 构成，用以表达某地存在有，它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词,be,之后，,there,仅为引导词，并无实际意义。,Be,与其后的主语在人称和数上一致，有时态和情态变化。如，,现在有,there is/are,过去有,there was/were,将来有,there will be/there is/are going to be.,现在已经有,there has/have been,可能有,there might be.,肯定有,there must be/there must have been.,过去一直有,there used to be,似乎有,there seems/seem/seemed to be,碰巧有,there happen/happens/happened to be,此句型有时可用,live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等词代替,be,动词。,Eg.There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.,There lived an old man at the foot of the mountain.,There came a shout for help.,There must have been a village here.,There lies a book on the desk.,.,简单句,1,.Things changed.,2,.Trees are green.,3,.We dont beat children.,4,.He gave his sister the piano.,5,.I found the book easy.,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,Nobody went.,She became a doctor.,The car caught fire.,I will write you a long letter.,I will let him go.,Practice,主,+,谓,主,+,谓,+,表,主,+,谓,+,宾,主,+,谓,+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,主,+,谓,+,宾,+,宾补,四、翻译练习：,（一）主谓结构（主语不及物动词）,1.,你应当努力学习。,2.,她昨天回家很晚。,3.,那天早上我们谈了很多。,4.,会议将持续两个小时。,5.,在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。,1.You should study hard.,2.,She went home very late yesterday evening.,That morning we talked a great deal.,4.The meeting will last two hours.,5.Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,6.让我们立即行动起来。,7.乌云低沉沉的，天下着大雪。,8.恰好他身边有钱。,9.慢慢地她脸上露出了一丝笑容。,10.背起书包我急忙赶到学校。,Lets act at once/immediately,Dark clouds hung overhead,and a heavy snow fell/it snows heavily.,He happened to have some money with him.,Gradually a smile appeared on her face.,I hurried to the school with my schoolbag.,（二）主谓宾结构（主语及物动词宾语）,1.,昨晚我写了一封信。,2.,今天下午我想同你谈谈。,3.,这本书他读过多次了。,4.,他们成功地完成了计划。,5.,你们必须在两周内看完这些书。,1.I wrote a letter last night.,2.I want to talk with you this afternoon.,3.He has read this book many times.,4.They have carried out the plan successfully.,5.You must finish reading these books in two weeks.,6.,那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,7.,我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。,8.Jim,还不会自己穿衣服。,9.,我们大家都相信,Jack,是一个诚实男孩。,10.,他不知道说什麽好。,6.,That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently.7.I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia.,8.Jim cannot dress himself.9.All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.,10.He did not know what to say.,（三）主系表结构（主语系动词表语）,1.,我的兄弟都是大学生。,2.,冬季白天短，夜晚长。,3.,布朗夫人看起来很健康。,4.,十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。,5.,孩子们，请保持安静,。,1.My brothers are all college students.,2.In winter,the days are short and the nights are long.,3.Mrs.Brown looks very healthy.,4.At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.,5.Children,keep quiet please.,（四）双宾语结构（主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语）,1,Johnson,先生去年教我们德语。,2.,奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3.Mary,把钱包交给校长了。,4.,请把那本字典递给我好吗？,5.,他把车票给列车员看。,1.Mr.Johnson taught us German last year.,2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night.,3.Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.,4.Would you please pass me the dictionary?,5.He showed the ticket to the conductor.,（五）复合宾语结构（主语及物动词宾语宾语补足语）,1,我们叫她,Alice.,2.,他的父母给他取名为,John.,3.,我们大家都认为他是诚实的。,4.,他们把门推开了。,5.,他们把小偷释放了,。,1.We call her Alice.,.,2.His parents named him John.,3.All of us considered him honest.,4.They pushed the door open,5.They have set the thief free.,6.,我们要使学校变得更美丽。,7.,他请我们参加做游戏。,8.,我要你把真相告诉我。,9.,卫兵命令我们立即离开。,10.,明天我要找人来修理机器。,6,.We will make our school more beautiful.,7.He asked us to join in the game.,8.I want you to tell me the truth.,9.The guards ordered us to leave at once.,10.Tomorrow Ill have someone repair the machine.,（六）,There be,句型,1.,今晚没有会。,2.,这个村子过去只有一口井。,3.,这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。,4.,客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。,5.,天气预报说下午有大风。,1.There isnt going to be a meeting tonight.,2.There was only a well in the village.,3.There is(are)a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.,4.Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.,5.The weatherman says therell be a strong wind in the afternoon.,6.,灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。,7.,战前这儿一直有家电影院的。,8.,恰好那时房里没人。,9.,从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。,10.,公共汽车来了。,6.The light is on.There must be someone ion the office.,7.There used to be a cinema here before the war.,8.There happened to be nobody in the room.,9.Once,there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.,10.There comes the bus.,.,并列句,This is me and these are my friends.,They must stay in water,or they will die.,Its not cheap,but it is very good.,It was late,so I went to bed.,and,or,but,so,He knocked at the door;there was no answer.,Youre alive!And shes dead.,名词性从句,状语从句,定语从句,主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句,.,复合句,A plane is a machine,that,can fly.,He said,that,he didnt like her.,What are noun clauses?,His story,is interesting.,What he said,is interesting.,I heard,his story,.,I heard,what he said,.,I listen to,his story,.,I listen to,what he said,.,This is,his story,.,This is,what he said,.,The idea of,going there is good.,The idea,that we go there is good.,Subject clause,Object clause,Object clause after a preposition,Predictive clause,Appositive clause,Practice time,：,指出下列各名词性从句的种类,At lunchtime,the radio weatherman reported,that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.,2.She wondered,if the buses would still be running,.,3.The truth is,that the fog is too thick for the bus to run that far,.,4.She sensed,that she was being watched by a tall man ina dark coat,.,5.,When we will start,is not clear.,6.,I had no idea,that you were her friend.,Object clause,Object clause,Predicative clause,Object clause,Subject clause,Appositive clause,专题十一,正面解读,连接词,词义,在句中所,例句,作成分,从,属,连,词,that,/,/,The problem is that we dont have,enough money.,if/whether,是否,/,The question is whether they have so much money.,专题十一,正面解读,连接词,词义,例句,成分,连,接,代,词,who/,whom/,which/,whose/,what,原疑问代词的意义；,what,的东西,主、宾、表、定语,Pay attention to what the teacher said.,Who kept the door open all night was unknown.,whoever/,whomever,/which,ever/,whatever,无论谁,/,无论哪个,(,些,)/,无论什么,主、宾、表、定语,Whoever breaks the law will be punished.,You can take whichever book you like.,专题十一,正面解读,连接词,词义,成分,例句,连,接,副,词,when/where/why/how,原疑问副词的意义或,“,的时间,(the time when),；,的地点,(the place where),；,的原因,(the reason why),”,；,的方式,(the way that),状语,When he will go is unknown.,I wonder why he tried to avoid me.,This room is where I was born.,This is how we work.,名词性从句,1),主语从句,*What he said is not known.,*That we shall be late is certain.,*It is certain that we shall be late.,*How strange it is that the children are so quiet!,1.,他在找,什么,与你无关。,IV.,用主语从句翻译下列句子。,2.,他喜欢这种书，这件事非常有趣。,3.,他,是否,能来仍然是个问题。,What he is looking for is none of your business.,That he likes books of this kind is very interesting.,It remains a question whether he will be able to come.,5.,飞机,何时,起飞还没有宣布。,4.,他们,哪一个,是从监狱里逃跑的，仍然是个谜。,Which of them escaped from the prison is still a mystery.,When the plane is to take off has not been announced.,/It