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(每日一练)全国通用版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters必须掌握的典型题
单选题
1、The prize will go to the writer ________story shows the most imagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:该奖将授予故事表现出最丰富想象力的作家。分析句子可知, writer为先行词,作定语从句的定语,关系代词为whose。故选C项。
2、Two “stolen” notebooks written by Charles Darwin were left anonymously in a bright pink gift bag ________the original blue box ________the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope.
A.containing, whereB.to contain, whichC.containing, /D.to contain, that
答案:C
考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:两本被偷的查尔斯·达尔文的笔记被匿名放在一个亮粉色的礼品袋里,里面装着存放这些笔记的原来的蓝色盒子和一个普通的棕色信封。分析句子可知,第一空处动词contain(包含,装着)作后置定语修饰名词a bright pink gift bag,是非谓语动词,与其逻辑主语a bright pink gift bag之间是主动关系,应用现在分词表主动;第二空后“the notebooks were kept in and a plain brown envelope”是定语从句,修饰先行词the original blue box,先行词在定语从句中作介词in后的宾语,应用关系代词which或that引导该定语从句,且可省略。故选C项。
3、A sport with a broom on ice ________ requires bowling ________ makes curling one of the most unique sports out there.
A.that … precisionB.that … diversity
C./ … precisionD./ … diversity
答案:A
考查定语从句和名词词义辨析。句意:冰壶是一项要求精准度的运动,它在冰上要使用冰刷,这使得冰壶成为最独特的运动之一。precision 精准度;diversity 多样性。第一个空处考查限定性定语从句,先行词是sport,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which,且不能省略;第二个空处考查名词词义辨析,根据常识可知,冰壶要求精准度,应用名词precision。故选A项。
4、I felt ________ than when we were moving towards it.
A.calmlyB.more calmC.calmestD.calmer
答案:B
考查形容词比较级。句意:我感到比我们朝它移动时更平静。than前面用比较级,calm的比较级是more calm,在系动词felt后做表语。故选B。
5、Grandma said she was feeling okay, but I think I could ________ a bit of sadness in the way she was speaking.
A.experienceB.detectC.showD.suffer
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:奶奶说她感觉很好,但我想我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤。A.experience经历;B.detect察觉;C.show展示;D.suffer遭受。由“in the way she was speaking”可知,句子表示“我能从她说话的方式中察觉到一点悲伤”,空格处意为“察觉”,故选B。
6、Children who are not active or________diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.
A.whoB.of whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查关系词。句意:不运动或饮食中脂肪含量高的儿童体重会迅速增加。分析句子可知,此处为连词whose引导的限制性定语从句,先行词Children在从句中作定语成分,和从句中的主语diet为所属关系。故选C项。
7、Teenagers nowadays are a “technology” generation, different from those ________ their parents used to be.
A.whomB.whatC.whoD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:现在的青少年是“科技”一代,与他们父母那代人不同。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是those,指人,关系词在从句中作表语,根据定语从句引导词的特殊用法,先行词为those,引导词使用who。故选C。
8、Peter can be really difficult at times ________ he’s a nice person in general.
A.even ifB.as thoughC.as ifD.if only
答案:A
考查状语从句。句意:彼得有时真的很难缠,即使一般情况下他是一个很好的人。A. even if即使,尽管; B. as though似乎,好像; C. as if似乎,好像; D. if only要是...就好了。空前表示Peter有时候很难缠;空后句子表示他通常情况都是很好很和善的人,前后有转折关系,只有A项even if可以引导让步状语从句,符合题意。故选A项。
9、The pictures remind us ______ the days ______ we spent in Beijing.
A./; thatB./; whenC.of; thatD.of; when
答案:C
考查固定短语和定语从句。句意:这些照片让我们想起了我们在北京度过的日子。第一空,固定短语remind sb of sth,提醒某人某事,所以填of;第二空,关系词指代先行词days并在定语从句中作 spent 的宾语,故填that,故选C。
小提示:
10、Was it in the village ______ we used to live in ______ the accident happened?
A.that; whereB.which; that C.where; thatD.which; where
答案:B
考查定语从句和强调句。句意:事故是在我们过去住的那个村庄发生的吗?根据句子结构,第一空为which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the village,先行词在定语从句中作live in的宾语,应用关系代词which引导;分析句子,全句使用了强调句型“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 句子其它部分”的一般疑问句形式,本句强调的是原句中地点状语“in the village where we used to live in”,句子其它部分由that引出。故选B。
11、Looking at green, growing things can put people in a better _______.
A.shelterB.remarkC.moodD.zone
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:看着绿色,生长的东西可以让人心情更好。A. shelter庇护所; B. remark评论; C. mood情绪; D. zone区域。短语:put sb. in a ...mood“使某人有……的情绪”,故选C。
12、It is the time ________ you spent on your rose ________ makes your rose so important.
A.when; thatB.which; whatC.that; whichD.which; that
答案:D
考查定语从句,强调句。句意:是你花在你的玫瑰上的时间使你的玫瑰如此重要。根据句子结构分析可知,第一个设空处为连词引导定语从句,先行词为time,从句中缺少宾语,因此需要使用关系代词which,根据强调句结构“it is+被强调成分+that…”可知,第二个设空处对句子主语“the time”的强调,因此需要使用that。故选D。
13、Memories of tears and laughters came ______ as he visited his secondary school.
A.flooding backB.flooding inC.flooded backD.flooded in
答案:A
考查动词短语辨析和现在分词。句意:当他参观他的中学时,泪水和欢笑的记忆如潮水般涌回心头。flood in意为“涌入,大量地涌到”;flood back意为“涌回”;固定短语搭配come flooding back,意为“潮水般涌回心头”;flood与逻辑主语Memories为主谓关系,应用现在分词。故选A项。
14、The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof.
A.whatB.whoseC.whichD.such
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。
15、It is in the hall can house 10,000 people the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held.
A.which;thatB.where;thatC.which;whoD.where; whom.
答案:A
考查定语从句和强调句。句意: 全球5G技术峰会的开幕式将在可以容纳10,000人的大厅里举行。分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句,修饰the hall,指物,从句中做主语,用关系代词which或that, 故排除B、D项;因为the opening ceremony of the Global 5G Technology Summit will be held in the hall是完整的句子,故是强调句型,强调地点状语 in the hall can house 10,000 people。故第二空用that,综上,故选A。
小提示:定语从句中关系词的选择可考虑以下三点:
(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whom,指人时通常不用which等。
(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when, where, why。
(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句。
例如第一空,分析句子可知, can house 10,000 people是定语从句, 修饰the hall, 指物, 从句中做主语, 用关系代词which或that。
16、When people talk about the cities of the U.S., the first________comes into mind is New York.
A.oneB.thatC.whichD.of them
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:当人们谈论美国的城市时,首先想到的是纽约。A.one 一个;B.that 那个;C. which 那个;D. of them 他们的。分析句子结构可知,这是一个定语从句,先行词是the first是序数词 ,应该用关系代词that引导从句,且that在从句中作主语。故选B项。
17、I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt.
A.which; whatB.why; thatC.which; whereD.that; how
答案:C
考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。
18、We all like the teachers _______class is interesting and creative.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.that
答案:C
考查定语从句关系代词。句意:我们都喜欢那些在课堂上很有趣和很有创意的老师。A. who谁(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做主语); B. whom谁(宾格,可引导名词性从句和定语从句,在定语从句中指代人做宾语); C. whose 谁的(疑问词可引导名词性从句;引导定语从句,在定语从句中指代人或物做定语语);D. that那个(可引导名词性从句不作成分;引导定语从句,在定语从句中做主语或宾语)。分析句子,该空需要一个关系代词引导定语从句,修饰限定先行词teachers,定语从句中主系表成分完整,需要关系代词whose作先行词teachers的定语。故选C项。
19、Andrew is a brilliant student, ________ is sure to succeed in whatever career he chooses.
A.and whoB.oneC.and oneD.one who
答案:D
考查同位语及定语从句。句意:Andrew是一个聪明的学生,无论他选择什么职业,他都一定会成功。根据句子结构可知,此句是非限制性定语从句。用one作Andrew的同位语,引导词指代one和Andrew,且在从句中作主语,故用who引导定语从句,故选D。
20、Lack of mutual________not only gets in the way of your work, but it can also________your relationships and your self-esteem.
A.comment … differB.respect … damage
C.benefit … destroyD.expectation … decorate
答案:B
考查动词和名词词义辨析。句意:缺乏相互尊敬不仅会妨碍你的工作,还会损害你的人际关系和自尊。comment“评论”,differ“有区别,有分歧”;respect“尊敬”,damage“损害;伤害”;benefit“益处;好处”,destroy“毁坏”;expectation“期待”,decorate“装饰”。根据句意,相互不尊重会妨碍工作,也会损害人际关系和自尊。故选B。
小提示:
21、The close relationship among defense contractors, the Pentagon (美国五角大楼) and politicians has become a US monster ________seeks unceasing war over peaceful coexistence.
A.whoB.thatC.for whichD.whose
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:这些军火商与五角大楼和美国政客之间的密切关系,已经演化成了一个庞然大物,它只想要无尽的战争,而不是和平共处。句中先行词为 a US monster,指物,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词which或that引导。故选B。
22、As a respected zoological institution, SeaWorld not only ________, rehabilitates and returns to nature hundreds of wild animals every year but also generously ________ conservation and scientific research.
A.rescues … focuses onB.rescues … funds
C.releases … focuses onD.releases … funds
答案:B
考查动词词义辨析。句意:作为一个受人尊敬的动物学机构,海洋世界不仅每年拯救、治疗数百种野生动物,让它们回归自然,而且还慷慨资助动物保护和科学研究。rescue搭救,解救;release释放,解放;focus on集中精力于;fund资助。分析句子可知,第一空“解救,治疗和放回自然”符合逻辑顺序,因此填rescue;第二空,根据空前generously可知,此空填拨款,资助。故选B项。
23、He pointed out such a crucial detail about the experiment ______ we could never neglect.
A.asB.thatC.whereD.when
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:他指出有关实验的这样一个我们绝不能忽视的关键细节。根据句意判断先行词为a crucial detail在定语从句中作neglect的宾语,且先行词被such修饰,故用关系代词as。故选A项。
24、During the pandemic, all patients and their families, without ________, must carry their ID card and show their health QR code before entering the hospital.
A.permissionB.effortC.exceptionD.access
答案:C
考查名词词义辨析。句意:在疾病大流行期间,所有患者及其家属,无一例外,在进入医院前都必须携带身份证并出示健康二维码。A. permission许可;B. effort努力;C. exception例外;D. access通道。根据句意和句中“all patients and their families”可知,句中强调的是所有患者及其家属,无一例外,“exception”意为“例外”,名词词性,“without exception”意为“无一例外”。故选C项。
25、The girl ______ injured in the accident came back safe and sound.
A.who we supposedB.whom we supposed she was
C.who we supposed wasD.whom we suppose
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我们认为在事故中受伤的那个女孩安全归来了。分析句子结构可知,本句为定语从句,we supposed为插入语,句中先行词为The girl,在定语从句中作主语,所以用关系代词who引导,且与injure之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故选C。
26、I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise.
A.whyB.whoseC.thatD.which
答案:B
考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。
27、It seems ________ nothing would ever stop her from continuing this work.
A.as ifB.even ifC.in caseD.if
答案:A
考查连接词。句意:似乎没有什么能阻止她继续这项工作。A.as if 好像;B.even if即使;C. in case假使;D. if如果。It seem as if ...“看起来好像...,似乎...”,as if引导表语从句。故选A。
28、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building.
A.capturing; dominate; poweredB.capturing; convert; powered
C.captured; dominate; poweringD.captured; convert; powering
答案:D
考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。句意:利用从太阳捕获的大量热量,电池板将其转化为能源,为建筑提供动力。分析句子可知,第一空作宾补,表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系,所以应填其过去分词形式captured;第二空填谓语动词,句子描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,convert...into...为固定搭配,表示“将......转换为......”,符合语境,dominate“统治,支配”,不合语境;第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语,表示“提供动力”,修饰名词energy,表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。故选D项。
29、I think this is the most interesting story_________is made up by my uncle.
A.whatB.which
C.thatD.as
答案:C
考查定语从句。句意:我认为这是我叔叔编的最有趣的故事了。_________could be used to buy clothes for his children.是一个定语从句,由于先行词story在定语从句中作主语,且被形容词的最高级修饰,因此关系代词只能用that,故选C。
30、Following the girl, we went into a hall, on ________ walls hung pictures of some famous scientists.
A.whoseB.itsC.whichD.that
答案:A
考查定语从句。句意:我们跟着女孩走进一个大厅,大厅的墙上挂着一些著名科学家的照片。分析句子,设空处引导的是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作定语,指代hall’s,意为“大厅的”,故使用whose。故选A。
完成句子
31、我告诉父亲斯坦利太太说话的口气就好像斯坦利先生还活着似的。
I told my father how Mrs. Stanley talked ________ Mr. Stanley were still alive.
答案:as if/though
考查连词。根据中英文提示,表示“好像”可用连词as if或as though引导方式状语从句,从句中为虚拟语句。故填as if/though。
32、听众被深深地打动了,掌声经久不息。(affect)(一句多译)
(1)The audience ________________, and they warmly applauded for a long time.
(2)________________, the audience warmly applauded for a long time. (去分词做状语)
(3)The audience, ________________, warmly applauded for a long time. (语从句)
答案: were deeply affected Deeply affected who were deeply affected
1 .考查时态和语态。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为deeply;“被打动”可以翻译为be affected;根据and后面的句子用过去时,空格处也应该用过去时。故填were deeply affected。
2 .考查分词作状语。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为deeply;“打动”可以用动词affect表示;因为句子主语the audience和动词affect之间是被动关系,所以应该用affect的过去分词形式作状语。故填Deeply affected。
3 .考查定语从句。根据汉语提示,“深深地”可以翻译为deeply;“被打动”可以翻译为be affected;分析句子可知,空格处是一个非限制性定语从句,对先行词the audience限定说明,所以需要用一个关系代词,代替先行词the audience在从句中做主语,此处应该用who;根据主句的时态是一般过去时,定语从句的时态也应该是一般过去时。故填who were deeply affected。
33、We sat in the shade, ____________________the sun.
我们坐在背阴处,避免被晒到。
答案:sheltering from
考查固定短语和非谓语动词。结合句意表示“避免……”可知短语为shelter from,此处应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语we构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填sheltering from。
34、She talks about Hong Kong as if she ______ ______ there before.
她谈起香港来就好像她以前去过似的。
答案: had been
考查as if引导的虚拟语气。be there意为“去那里;在那里”,分析句子结构及句意及before可知此处as if 引导的方式状语从句是对过去事实的虚拟,应用过去完成时。故填had been。
35、他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。
His mother ________________ the news.
答案:was shocked to hear
考查时态和短语。根据中英文提示可知,设空处涉及短语be shocked to do sth.“做某事震惊”,其中be是谓语动词,结合语境可知本句陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时,主语his mother是单数,be动词用was;“听到”是hear,位于不定式符号to后,应用原形。故填was shocked to hear。
36、我们将竭尽全力帮助你,但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。(一句多译)
(1) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(2) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
(3) We’ll ______________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.
答案: try/do our best to help make an effort to help spare no effort to help
考查动词短语。根据所给出的汉语句子,并结合英语句子可知,设空对应汉语表达“竭尽全力帮助”,在句中作谓语,可用动词短语“try/do one’s best to do”或“make an effort to do”或“spare no effort to do”表达,都可意为“竭尽全力做某事”,结合主语“We”可知,“one’s”应用“our”表达;“帮助”用动词“help”表达。空前已有“will”,应是一般将来时,谓语动词用原形。故填①try/do our best to help;②make an effort to help;③spare no effort to help。
37、这些激素对心脏和血流也有积极的影响。
These hormones also________ ________ ________ ________ ________the heart and the blood flow.
答案: have a positive effect on/upon
考查固定短语和形容词。have an effect on/upon ...对......有影响,在句中作谓语;表示“积极的”应为形容词positive。叙述客观事实,应用一般现在时;主语为these hormones,结合主谓一致。故填have a positive effect on/upon。
38、我不知道他为什么一直看着我,好像认识我似的。
I don't know why he is looking at me ______ ______ ______ ______ me.
答案: as if he knew
考查as if虚拟语气。表示“好像,似乎”用as if引导从句,as if从句中表达与事实相反的情况时要用虚拟语气;根据句意和主句中时态可知,句中讲述的是现在的情况,as if从句中表达的是对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用一般过去时;根据句意从句中需补上主语he,“认识”是从句谓语动词,用动词know表示,过去式为knew。故填①as;②if;③he;④knew。
39、过度捕杀极大地影响了野生动物的数量。(affect)
Hunting too much ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ greatly.
答案: has affected the number of wild animals
考查固定短语。表示“影响”用affect ;表示“……数量”用the number of,后接名词复数,通常它表示一个整体,其谓语动词要动单数形式;表示“野生动物”用wild animals;因整句描述的是一个从过去开始到现在一直都存在的情况,故用现在完成时。故空处一填has;空处二填affected;空处三填the;空处四填number;空处五填of;空处六填wild;空处七填animals。
40、We are going to learn some Chinese poems ____________ in the Tang Dynasty.
我们将学习在唐朝时期创作出来的一些中国诗歌。
答案:that/which were written
考查定语从句和时态。表达“创作”应使用动词write。分析句子可知,空处应使用that或which引导的限制性定语从句,修饰先行词poems(复数,指物),并在从句中充当主语成分。由于poems与动词write之间是被动的关系,且write这个动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填that/which were written。
语法填空
41、To our shock, the plane lost track of the airport and then crashed with no one_______(survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案:surviving
考查非谓语动词。句意:令我们震惊的是,飞机与机场失去了联系,然后坠毁了,无人生还。此处是with复合结构,no one与survive是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动,作宾语补足语。故填surviving。
42、The feeling of helping someone else ________(affect)them all—they cannot stop talking about it, and they ________(search)for others they can help for four days! (所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: has affected have been searching
考查时态。句意:帮助别人的感觉影响了他们,他们无法停止谈论这件事,四天来他们一直在寻找可以帮助的人!分析句子并由破折号解释说明可知,第一空应用现在完成时,且The feeling和affect为主动关系,所以应填has affected;第二空由for four days且结合句意可知,应用现在完成进行时,表动作还一直持续,所以应填have been searching。故填has affected;have been searching。
43、Many westerners ________ came to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. (用适当的词填空)
答案:that##who
考查定语从句。句意:许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭有多便宜,就会比在自己的国家做饭少得多。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词westerners,指人,从句中缺少主语,应用关系代词that/who。故填that/who。
44、The ________ team made countless ________ during the earthquake.(rescue)(所给词的适当形式填空)
答案: rescue rescues
考查名词。句意:救援队在地震中进行了无数次救援。结合语意,第一空应填名词rescue,构
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