考研英语基础导学阅读.docx

基础导学 阅读 Text 6 注释
2011年导学班阅读材料第6篇注释

【翻译忠实通顺】
（1）  （1-1：引言）(1) 科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式，也仅是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨解释的表达方式。（1-2：具体化1-1含义）科学家的思维活动与普通人的思维活动之间，没有什么差别，而充其量也就像面包师或卖肉的使用普通的称称量货物的操作和方法与化学家使用天平和精确剂量仪器进行困难和复杂的分析活动之间的差别。（1-3：递进说明1-2含义）（2）这并不是说面包师或卖肉者所用的磅秤和化学家所用的天平在构造原理或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的器械，因而在计量上必然更准确得多。（本段话题为“思维活动”）
（2）  （2-1：具体化1-3含义）也许给出一些你们熟悉的举例，就能更加容易的理解。（2-2：具体化2-1含义）（3）你们都多次听说过，科学家是用归纳法和演绎法工作的，他们用这些方法，在某种意义上说，力求从自然界找出某些自然规律，然后他们根据这些规律，用自己的某种非同一般的本领，建立起他们的理论。（2-3：递进2-2含义）（4）许多人以为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。（2-4：对上文内容的反应）听到这些夸大其词，你们会认为科学家的思维与普通人的思维构成不同。但是，如果你们不被专业术语吓到，将发现自己的看法不正确，所有这些可怕地器械都是你们每日每时所使用的。
（3）  （3-1：比喻说明2-4含义）在Motiere的喜剧中，有一个有名的小事件。作家做出了这样的安排：当主角获悉其终身都在用散文体交谈时，表达出了欣喜若狂的情感。（3-2：使用比较表达相似内容）同样的，当你们发现自己终身都在按照归纳和演绎原理行事的时候，我相信你们一定倍感慰藉，为己痴狂。（3-3：递进3-2含义）（5）在座的诸位中，大概不会有人一整天都没有机会进行一连串复杂的思考活动，这些思考活动与科学家在探索自然现象原因时所经历的思考活动，尽管复杂程度不同，但在类型上是完全一样的。

基础导学 阅读 text 5
(1)  Well, no gain without pain, they say. But what about pain without gain? Everywhere you go in America, you hear tales of corporate revival. What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
(2)  The official statistics are mildly discouraging. They show that, if you lump manufacturing and services together, productivity has grown on average by 1.2% since 1987. That is somewhat faster than the average during the previous decade. And since 1991, productivity has increased by about 2% a year, which is more than twice the 1978-1987 average. The trouble is that part of the recent acceleration is due to the usual rebound that occurs at this point in a business cycle, and so is not conclusive evidence of a revival in the underlying trend. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a “disjunction” between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
(3)  Some of this can be easily explained. New ways of organizing the workplace — all that re-engineering and downsizing — are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training. Moreover, most of the changes that companies make are intended to keep them profitable, and this need not always mean increasing productivity: switching to new markets or improving quality can matter just as much.
(4)  Two other explanations are more speculative. First, some of the business restructuring of recent years may have been ineptly done. Second, even if it was well done, it may have spread much less widely than people suppose.
(5)  Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “re-engineering” has been crude. In many cases, he believes, the loss of revenue has been greater than the reductions in cost. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long term profitability. BBDO’s Al Rosenshine is blunter. He dismisses a lot of the work of re-engineering consultants as mere rubbish — “the worst sort of ambulance chasing♠.”

01. According to the author, the American economic situation is
[A] not as good as it seems.
[B] at its turning point.
[C] much better than it seems.
[D] near to complete recovery.

02. The official statistics on productivity growth
[A] exclude the usual rebound in a business cycle.                         总第58页
[B] fall short of businessmen’s anticipation.
[C] meet the expectation of business people.
[D] fail to reflect the true state of economy.

03. The author raises the question “what about pain without gain?” because
[A] he questions the truth of “no gain without pain”.
[B] he does not think the productivity revolution works.
[C] he wonders if the official statistics are misleading.
[D] he has conclusive evidence for the revival of businesses.

04. Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
[A] Radical reforms are essential for the increase of productivity.
[B] New ways of organizing workplaces may help to increase productivity.
[C] The reduction of costs is not a sure way to gain long term profitability.
[D] The consultants are a bunch of good-for-nothings.