湘教版八年级地理下册北京课件演示教学.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,北京市的城市特征与建设成就,天安门,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,“,水立方”,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,鸟巢,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,第一节：北京市的城市特征与建设成就,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,自然地理环境,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,活动,读图，归纳说出北京的地理位置（经纬度位置、海陆位置和相对位置）。,图,8-1,图,8-2,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,一、北京的地理位置,1,、海陆位置：,2,、经纬度位置：,3,、相对位置：,位于中国东部北方地区（华北北部地区），离海洋较近。,位于北半球中纬度地区,(40N,116E),，东八区。,东南与天津相临，其它方位与河北省相临。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,活动,读图，归纳说出北京的地形特征,（包括地形类型、地势特征和地形差异）,。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,二、北京的地形特征,1,、地形类型：,2,、地势：,3,、地形差异：,以平原与山地为主。,由西北向东南倾斜。,东南部属于华北平原，北部是燕山山脉，西部是太行山脉余脉西山。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,活动,（,1,）找出北京五大水系,永定河、潮白河、温榆河、拒马河、泃河，说一说它们的大致流向，想一想，这些河流的流向与北京的地势有何关系？,（,2,）找出密云水库、官厅水库、怀柔水库和京密引水渠，说一说这些水利工程的位置特点和主要作用。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,三、北京的河流特征,1、主要河流,：,2、河流,特征：,有永定河、潮白河等，均属,海河水系。,多自,西北向东南流,，水量不大，水量季节变化大，有结冰期。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,活动,读北京多年平均气候统计资料，说出北京的气候类型和气候特征。,月份,1,2,3,4,5,6,气温,/,-4.3,-1.9,5.1,13.6,20.0,24.2,降雨量,/mm,2.6,5.9,9.0,26.4,28.7,70.7,月份,7,8,9,10,11,12,气温,/,25.9,24.6,19.6,12.7,4.3,-2.2,降雨量,/mm,175.6,182.2,48.7,18.8,6.0,2.3,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,四、北京的气候特征,1,、气候类型：,2,、气候特征：,典型的温带季风气候,春季干旱多风，夏季高温多雨，秋季晴爽宜人，冬季寒冷干燥。降水季节分配不均匀，全年大部分降水集中于夏季，7、8月常有暴雨。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,政治文化中心,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,一、独特的历史文化,北京地处华北平原、太行山区、内蒙古高原交会的枢纽地带，距离渤海和东北地区都比较近，地理位置重要，自然条件优越。自古以来，汉族与少数民族就在这里融汇交流，共同促进了中华民族的发展。在漫长的发展过程中，北京形成了独特的历史文化。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,北京四合院是中国北方典型的民居建筑，院落宽敞别致，日常起居方便。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,京剧是具有全国影响的大剧种，被誉为中国的“国粹”。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,二、历史文化名城,北京是著名古都，更是享誉世界的历史文化名城，有3000多年建城史和800多年建都史。目前北京是世界上拥有世界文化遗产最多的城市。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,阅读,历史悠久的北京,北京是中华民族的发祥地之一。远在六七十万年前，先民就开始在这一带生息繁衍。公元前,11,世纪，在潮白河和永定河冲积平原西北部今北京城一带，出现了扼守太行山和燕山之间的交通要冲,蓟城。金代，在这里建中都。元朝则改称大都。明、清两代相继将其作为都城。漫长的历史岁月，丰厚的文化积淀，铸就了北京特有的历史文化传统，使它成为世界上世界文化遗产最多的城市。目前，北京共有故宫、长城、周口店“北京人”遗址、天坛、颐和园和十三陵等,6,处世界文化遗产。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,故宫,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,八达岭长城,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,天坛,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,颐和园,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,明十三陵,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,三、政治文化中心,北京是中国政治、文化和对外交流中心。,政治中心：,教育中心：,对外交流中心：,北京是中华人民共和国的首都，是全国人民代表大会常务委员会、中国共产党中央委员会和国务院所在地，设有众多国家机关。,北京教育、科技和文化发达。集中了众多科学研究机构和高等院校，还有规模宏大的国家博物馆、国家图书馆等诸多文化场所。,北京有100多个外国大使馆和许多国际组织驻华机构，是全国对外交流的中心。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,人民大会堂,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,国务院,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,国家教育部,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,国家博物馆,国家图书馆,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,国家大剧院,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,中国外交部,驻华美国大使馆,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,课堂练习,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,读图北京市简图，回答,13,题。,1,北京的经纬度位置是大致是 （）,A,40,，,116,B,40N,，,116E,C,40N,，,116W,D,40S,，,116E,2,图中甲海域和乙省级行政区,域单位分别是 （）,A,渤海、天津,B,渤海、山东,C,黄海、河北,D,渤海、河北,3,流经北京的河流属于 （）,A,海河水系,B,滦河水系,C,黄河水系,D,长江水系,B,D,A,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,4,、读北京示意图，回答下列,问题。,（,1,）据图归纳北京的地形特征。,以平原和山地地形为主，东,部和南部为华北平原北缘，地,形较平坦，北部和西部有燕山,和太行山脉余脉西山，地形起,伏大。,（,2,）北京境内有多条河流，但,北京仍然水资源非常紧张，这,是为什么？,北京境内河流水量不大，且,季节分配不均；北京人口众多，经济发达，需水量较大；浪费水（利用率低）和污染现象较严重。,Evaluation only.,Created with Aspose.Slides for.NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0.,Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.,