大脑结构解剖图.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,.,*,The Telencephalon,山东大学医学院解剖教研室,李振华,1,.,External feature,The telencephalon consists of right and left,cerebral hemisphere,partially separated by,cerebral longitudinal fissure,.,The,cerebral transverse fissure,intervenes between the hemispheres and the cerebellum,Each hemisphere has three surfaces:,superolateral,medial,and,inferior,2,.,Three principal sulci,Central sulcus,中央沟,Lateral sulcus,外侧沟,Parietooccipital sulcus,顶枕沟,Central sulcus,Lateral sulcus,Parietooccipital sulcus,3,.,Five lobes,Frontal lobe,额叶,Parietal lobe,顶叶,Temporal lobe,颞叶,Occipital lobe,枕叶,Insular lobe,岛叶,Frontal lobe,Parietal lobe,Occipital lobe,Temporal lobe,Insular lobe,4,.,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Frontal lobe:,Precentral sulcus,中央前沟,Superior frontal sulcus,额上沟,Inferior frontal sulcus,额下沟,Precentral gyrus,中央前回,Superior frontal gyrus,额上回,Middle frontal gyrus,额中回,Inferior frontal gyrus,额下回,5,.,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Precentral sulcus,Precentral gyrus,Superior frontal sulcus,Inferior frontal sulcus,Superior,middle,and inferioe,frontal,gyri,6,.,Parietal lobe:,Postcentral sulcus,中央后沟,Postcentral gyrus,中央后回,Intraparietal sulcus,顶内沟,Superior parietal lobule,顶上小叶,Inferior parietal lobule,顶下小叶,Supramarginal gyrus,缘上回,Angular gyrus,角回,7,.,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Postcentral sulcus,Postcentral gyrus,Superior parietal lobule,Supramarginal,gyrus,Angular gyrus,Intraparietal sulcus,8,.,Temporal lobe:,Superior temporal sulcus,颞上沟,Inferior temporal sulcus,颞下沟,Superior temporal gyrus,颞上回,Middle temporal gyrus,颞中回,Inferior temporal gyrus,颞下回,Transverse temporal gyri,颞横回,9,.,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Superior temporal sulcus,Inferior temporal sulcus,Superior temporal gyrus,Middle temporal gyrus,Inferior temporal gyrus,10,.,Transverse temporal gyri,11,.,Sulci and gyri of Superolateral surface,Precentral sulcus,Precentral gyrus,Superior frontal sulcus,Inferior frontal sulcus,Superior,middle,and inferioe,frontal,gyri,Postcentral sulcus,Postcentral gyrus,Superior parietal lobule,Supramarginal,gyrus,Angular gyrus,Superior temporal sulcus,Inferior temporal sulcus,Superior temporal gyrus,Middle temporal gyrus,Inferior temporal gyrus,12,.,Sulci and gyri of medial surface,Corpus callosum,胼胝体,Callosal sulcus,胼胝体沟,Cingulate sulcus,扣带沟,Cingulate gyrus,扣带回,Marginal ramus,缘支,Paracentral lobule,中央旁小叶,Calcarine sulcus,距状沟,Cuneus,楔叶,Lingual gyrus,舌回,13,.,Sulci and gyri of medial surface,Corpus callosum,Callosal sulcus,cingulate gyrus,Cingulate sulcus,Marginal ramus,Paracentral lobule,Calcarine sulcus,Cuneus,Parietooccipital sulcus,Lingual gyrus,14,.,Sulci and gyri of inferior surface,Olfactory bulb,嗅球,Olfactory tract,嗅束,Olfactory trigone,嗅三角,Anterior perforated substance,前穿质,Collateral sulcus,侧副沟,Occipitotemporal sulcus,枕颞沟,Medial occipitotemporal gyrus,枕颞内侧回,Lateral occipitotemporal gyrus,枕颞外侧回,Hippocampal sulcus,海马沟,Parahippocampal gyrus,海马旁回,Uncus,钩,Hippocampus,海马,Dentate gyrus,齿状回,Hippocampal formation,海马结构,15,.,Inferior surface,Olfactory bulb,Olfactory tract,Olfactory trigone,Anterior perforated,substance,Collateral sulcus,Occipitotemporal sulcus,Medial and lateral,occipitotemporal,gyri,Parahippocampal,gyrus,Uncus,16,.,Hippocampus,Dentate gyrus,Hippocampal,formation,17,.,Histology of the cerebral cortex,Archicortex,原皮质,(hippocampal formation,海马结构,),Paleocortex,古皮质,(rhinencephalon,嗅脑,),Neocortex,新皮质,(most of cerebral cortex),3 cell layers,6 cell layers,18,.,19,.,Functional location of cerebral cortex,20,.,First somatic motor area 第一躯体运动区,Position,:located in precentral gyrus and anterior portion of paracentral lobule,21,.,First somatic motor area第一躯体运动区,Characters,Representation is inverted,but head and face are upright,A body part is represented by a cortical area proportional to its use rather than its size,Receiving fibers from postcentral gyrus,VA,VL and VPL,sending out fibers to form pyramidal tract,controlling voluntary movements,22,.,First somatic sensory area第一躯体感觉区,Position,lies in postcentral gyrus and posterior portion of paracentral lobule,23,.,First somatic sensory area第一躯体感觉区,Characters,Sensory representation,like motor area,is crossed and inverted,Receiving and interpret sensation from opposite side of body,24,.,Auditory area 听区,Located in,transverse temporal gyri,Receive auditory information from both ears,25,.,Visual area 视区,Lie on either side of calcarine sulcus in medial surface of occipital lobe,Visual cortex of one hemisphere receives impression from temporal part of retina of same side and nasal part of opposite side,Lesions of visual cortex produce contralateral homonymous visual field defections,26,.,Vestibular area,平衡觉区,:located in front of superior temporal gyrus,Olfactory area,嗅觉区,:located near the uncus,Taste area,味觉区,:located at frontal operculum,27,.,Language area 语言中枢,It is dominant in left hemisphere in right-handed person,Motor speech area,运动性语言中枢,Located in posterior portion of inferior frontal gyrus,Damage:motor aphasia,Writing area,书写中枢,Located in posterior portion of middle frontal gyrus,Damage:agraphia,Auditory speech area,听觉性语言中枢,Located in posterior portion of superior temporal gyrus,Lesion:sensory aphasia,Visual speech area,视觉性语言中枢,Located in angular gyrus,Lesion:alexia,28,.,Lateral ventricle,侧脑室,Position:,located in cerebral hemispheres,Four parts,Central part:lies in parietal lobe,Anterior horn:extends into frontal lobe,Posterior horn extend into occipital lobe,Inferior horn:extend into temporal lobe,Internal structures,29,.,Communication,lateral ventricle,interventricular foramen,third ventricle,30,.,Basal nuclei 基底核,Corpus striatum,纹状体,Lentiform nucleus,豆状核,Caudate nucleus,尾状核,Claustrum,屏状核,Amygdaloid body,杏仁体,Globus pallidus,苍白球,putamen 壳,Neostriatum 新纹状体,paleostriatum 旧纹状体,31,.,32,.,White matter,Association fibers,联络纤维,Run between gyri within the same hemisphere,Cerebral arcuate fibers,大脑弓状纤维,Superior longitudinal fasciculi,上纵束,Inferior longitudinal fasciculi,下纵束,Uncinate fasciculus,钩束,Cingulum,扣带,33,.,Commissural fibers,连合纤维,run between left and right hemisphere,Corpus callosum,胼胝体,:rostrum,genu,trunk,splenium,Anterior commissure,前连合,Fornix and commissure of fornix,穹隆和穹隆连合,34,.,Projection fibers,投射纤维,:connect cortex with lower part of brain and spinal cord and they include both ascending and descending fibers,Internal capsule,Position,:a thick lamina of white matter lying between caudate nucleus,thalamus and lentiform nucleus,35,.,36,.,Three parts,Anterior limb of internal capsule,内囊前肢,Lies between caudate nucleus and lentiform nucleus,Containing frontopontine tract and anterior thalamic radiation,Genu of internal capsule,内囊膝,Is angle at which anterior and posterior limbs meet,Containing,corticonuclear tract,Posterior limb of internal capsule,内囊后肢,Lies between thalamus and lentiform nucleus,Contain,corticospinal tract,corticorubral tract,central thalamic radiation,parieto-occipito-temporo-pontine tract,acoustic radiation,and,optic radiation,37,.,Anterior thalamic radiation,Frontopontine tract,Lentiform nucleus,Corticorubral tract,Parieto-occipito-,temporo-pontine tract,Acoustic radiation,Optic radiation,Head of caudate nucleus,Corticonuclear tract,Corticospinal tract,Dorsal thalamus,Central thalamic,radiation,Medial geniculate body,Lateral geniculate body,38,.,Limbic system边缘系统,Composition,Limbic lobe,:includes septal area,cingulated gyrus,parahippocampal gyrus,hippocampus,dentate gyrus,temporal pole,anterior part of insular lobe and so on,Associated subcortical nuclei:,amygdaloid body,septal nuclei,hypothalamus,epithalamus,anterior nucleus group of thalamus,tegmentum of midbrain,Function:concerned with visceral activities,olfaction,emotion and memory,so this system is called visceral brain,39,.,