2-园艺科学-Classification市公开课获奖课件省名师优质课赛课一等奖课件.ppt

*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,BILINGUAL COURSE,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Horticultural,Science,YAO Qing,yaoqscau,020-85286902(O),BILINGUAL COURSE,1/35,Contents,Introduction to Horticulture(2h),Classification of Horticultural Crops(4h),Anatomy of Horticultural Crops(6h),Growth Environment of Horticultural Crops(6h),Plant Physiology of Horticultural Crops(4h),Propagation of Horticultural Crops(2h),Mineral Nutrients and Fertilization of Horticultural Crops(4h),Organic Horticultural Practice(4h),2/35,Review,horticulture,cultivation,forestry,agronomy,production-intensive,fresh fruits,landscape,architecture,ornamental,horticulture,pomology,olericulture,floriculture,arboriculture,carbohydrate,vitamin,mineral nutrient,arboretum,botanical garden,turfgrass,horticulture therapy,nut,nursery industry,园艺学,栽培,林学,农学,生产密集型,鲜果,景观设计,观赏植物,果树学,蔬菜学,花卉学,树木学,碳水化合物,维生素,矿质养分,树木园,植物园,草坪草,园艺疗法,坚果,苗木产业,3/35,Useful internet links,American Horticultural Societies,www.ahs.org/,American Horticultural Therapy Association,www.ahta.org/,Examples of botanical gardens,information on various aspects of horticulture,webgarden.osu.edu/,and others,4/35,There are some applied plant sciences in relation with Horticulture.Give me two examples.,What are the two main goals of Horticulture?,Tell me the four divisions of Horticulture.,“pomology”means what?“olericulture”means what?,QUESTIONS,5/35,Chapter 2,Classification of,Horticultural Crops,6/35,Classification of Horticultural Crops,GLOSSARY,Annual,一年生,Biennial,两年生,Perennial,多年生,Kingdom,界,Division,门,Class,纲,Order,目,Family,科,Genus,属,Species,种,Monocot,单子叶植物,Dicot,双子叶植物,Monocarp,一次坚固植物,Taxonomy,分类学,Angiosperm,被子植物,Gymnosperm,裸子植物,Classification,分类,Decumbent,匍匐,Binomial nomenclature,双名法,7/35,Drupe,/dru:p/,核果,Berry,浆果,Hesperidium,/hesp,ridim/,柑果,Pepo,瓠果,Pome,仁果,Follicle,/f,likl/,蓇葖果,Legume,荚果,Pods,荚果,Capsule,蒴果,Nuts,坚果,Schizocarp,/skits,uka:p/,分果,Samara,/smr/,翅果，翼果,Achene,/ki:n/,瘦果,Caryopsis,/kri,psis/,颖果,Aggregate fruit,聚合果,Multiple fruit,复果,Dehiscent fruit,/dihisnt/,裂果,Bramble fruit,莓果,Silique,/siliqw,/,长角果,Indehiscent,fruit,闭果,8/35,A variety of horticultural crops,Fruits,Vegetables,Ornamental plants,9/35,Taxonomy,The science of,identifying,naming,and classifying plants,.,Binomial nomenclature,A system of naming plants whereby a plant is given a,two-part name representing the genus and species,.,10/35,Kingdom,Division,Class,Order,Family,Genus,Species,The highest taxonomic category.,A class,kind,or group marked by common characteristics or by one common characteristic.,A category of biological classification ranking immediately below the genus or subgenus.,A category of taxonomic classification ranking above the family and below the class.,A group of related plants or animals forming a category ranking above a genus and below an order and usually comprising several to many genera.,11/35,Binomial system of nomenclature:,GENUS+SPECIES,Taxon,Example,Common name,Kingdom,Plantae,Plant,Division,Magnoliophyta,Flowering plant,Class,Liliopsida,Monocot,Order,Liliales,Lily order,Family,Liliaceae,Lily family,Genus,Allium,Species,Allium cepa,Onion,Magnoliophyta木兰门，亦即Angiospermae被子植物门,12/35,Tips,Classes often end in,opsida,Subclasses often end in,ae,Orders often end in,ales,Family often end in,-aceae,High-order taxa are not routinely encountered,while the binomial names(,genus+species,)are the most frequently encountered.,When you walk through a botanical garden,or even a college campus,you may find that some plants in the landscape are labeled with the correct binomial name or scientific name,as well as the common name.The family name is quite frequently indicated.,13/35,Rules in classification,The binary name must be,underlined,or written,in italics,.,The,genus,name starts with an,uppercase letter,and the,species,name is written in,lowercase,.,An initial,L.,may follow the species,indicating that Linnaeus first named the plant.,The genus may be abbreviated.,Taking for example,please refer to a scientific paper.,14/35,15/35,16/35,Variety,Any of various groups of plants or animals ranking below a species.,Species is the lowest and least-inclusive taxon.Sometimes,a variant of the species can occur,which is significantly different from the general species originally described.These variant may occur either,naturally(variety),or,by human creation(cultivar),.,Cultivar,Derived from the words cultivated and variety,often designating a product of plant breeding.,17/35,The variety names should follow the binary name,in italics,The cultivar names are,not underlined or italicized,Brocolli,Brassica oleraceae,var.,botrytis,Litchi,Litchi chinensis,cv.,Nuonici,18/35,Questions,1.How to name a plant?,2.What is the difference between“variety”and“cultivar”?,3.The species name of a plant should not be underlined or italized.True or False,19/35,Other classification systems,Seasonal growth cycle,20/35,From a gardeners perspective,a plants status as annual,biennial,or perennial often varies based on location or purpose.,Biennials grown for flowers,fruits,or seeds need to be grown for two years.Biennials that are grown for edible leaves or roots are grown as annuals.If a normally biennial plant is grown in extremely harsh conditions,it is likely to be treated as an annual because it will not survive the winter cold.,Conversely,an annual grown under extremely favorable conditions may have highly successful seed propagation,giving it the appearance of being biennial or perennial.,Some short-lived perennials may appear to be biennial rather than perennial.True biennials flower only once,while many perennials will flower every year once mature.,21/35,Annual:,A plant that completes its life cycle in one growing season or one year.,Biennial:,A plant that completes its life cycle in two cropping seasons,the first involving vegetable growth and the second flowering and death.,Perennial:,A plant that grows year after year without replanting.,Perennials may be herbaceous or woody.Woody perennials may be categorized into two types:,evergreen and deciduous,.,Monocarp:,A plant that lives for many years but flowers only once in a lifetime and then dies,new plants arising on the roots of the old plant.,22/35,Kinds of stems,Herb:,A plant with soft,non-woody stems.,Shrub:,A plant with woody stems,but no main trunk.,Tree:,A large plant characterized by one main woody trunk.,23/35,Common stem growth forms,Erect:,A stem is erect if it stands upright(stands at a 90o angle to the ground level),without artificial support.,Creeping(or repent):,A plant crawls on the ground producing adventitious roots as specific points on the stem.,Decumbent:,A stem is extremely inclined,with the tips raised.,Climbing:,A stem will creep on the ground,without additional support.,24/35,Decumbent:,Stems or branches reclining or lying on the surface of the ground,but with the tip erect or ascending.,Procumbent:,Lying flat,said of a stem growing horizontally on the surface of the ground,25/35,Ground ivy,欧亚活血丹,26/35,Classification of Horticultural Crops,Fruits,27/35,Simple fruits,Aggregate fruits,Multiple fruits,Fleshy fruits,Dry fruits,Drupe,Pome,Berry,Hesperidium,Pepo,Follicle,Silique,Legume,Capsule,Schizocarp,Nuts,Achene,Caryopsis,Samara,Comprised mainly of ovary tissue,Comprised mainly of receptacle tissue,Splits along one side,Splits along two sides,Splits along multiple sides,Thick pericarp,Winged pericarp,Pericarp not winged,Pericarp fused to seed,Thin pericarp,28/35,vegetables,29/35,Life cycle,Annual:,complete their life cycle in one year,or be cultivated in one year.,Biennial:,complete their life cycle in two year,but normally be cultivated in one year.,Perennial:,complete their life cycle in many year.,30/35,Edible or economic parts,Pods:,legumes harvested prematurely,cooked,and eaten with the seeds inside.,Roots:,The roots are dug and eaten baked,boiled,or fried.Sometimes primary plant parts(stem,root,and leaf)may become modified as storage organs for food.,Bulbs:,modified stems and leaves.The stem is highly compressed to form what is called a basal plate,while the leaves are storage organs.,Tubers:,modified roots(swollen stems).,Greens:,vegetable crops whose leaves are usually picked at tender stages to be used for food.,31/35,Adaptation,Cool season:,Require monthly temperatures of 15-18,o,C.,Warm season:,Prefer monthly temperatures of 18-27,o,C.,Botanical features,Vines:,Plants with stems that need physical support.,Solanaceous plants:,Plants belong to the family Solanaceae.,Cole crops:,Plants belong to the Brassica family.,甘蓝类蔬菜(cole crops)十字花科(Cruciferae)芸薹属(Brassica)一二年生草本植物。,32/35,Ornamental plants,Herbaceous,Woody,Growth cycle:,Annual,Biennial,Perennials:,Other operational classifications:,Bedding plants,Hanging plants,Houseplants,Shrubs:,Deciduous,Evergreen(narrowleaf,broadleaf),Trees:,Deciduous,Evergreen(narrowleaf,broadleaf),Vines:,Deciduous,Evergreen,33/35,Important families as horticultural crops,Angiosperms(flowering plants),Monocotyledons(Monocots),Dicotyledons(Dicots),Gymnosperms,被子植物,裸子植物,34/35,Monocots,Poaceae(grass family)禾本科,Liliaceae(lily family)百合科,Orchidaceae(orchid family)兰科,Amaryllidaceae(amaryllis family)石蒜科,Aracaceae(palm family)棕榈科,Dicots,Brassicaceae(mustard family)十字花科,Fabaceae(legume family)豆科,Cactaceae(cactus family)仙人掌科,Lamiaceae(mint family)唇形科,Solanaceae(nightshade family)茄科,Apiaceae(carrot family)伞形科,Cucurbitaceae(pumpkin family)葫芦科,Asteraceae(sunflower family)菊科,Euphobiaceae(spurge family)大戟科,Rutaceae(rue family)芸香科,Ericaceae(heath family)杜鹃花科,Gymnospers,Pinaceae(pine family)松科,35/35,