牛津上海版S1BUnit3plants讲解.doc

牛津上海版S1BUnit3plants讲解
S1B Unit 3
The interesting world of plants
Plants can be much more interesting than you think. Read this transcript from a nature film to find out why.
Water lilies can often be seen in China， with their round leaves, or pads, floating in ponds。
1,with 的符合结构
with+宾语+宾语补足语，构成with复合结构,宾语可以是名词或是代词,宾语补足语可以是介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、动词不定式、副词。且with后面的宾语与其后的宾语补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
1）With+宾语+介词短语
He was asleep with his head on his arms.
2）with+宾语+过去分词（宾语与宾补之间是被动关系）
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked。
He lay in bed with his head covered。
3）with+宾语+现在分词（宾语与宾补之间是主动关系）
With winter coming on，it’s time to buy warm clothes。
4）with+宾语+to do（不定式做宾补有“将来”的含义)
I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash.
5）with+宾语+形容词/副词
With John away,we've got more room.
Anderson was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.
2.with复合结构的作用
with复合结构在句子中作状语,表示原因、时间、条件、伴随、方式等.
1)We sat on the dry grass with our backs to the wall.（作伴随状语）
2)She could not leave with her painful duty unfulfilled。（作原因状语）
3）He lay in bed with his head covered.（作方式状语)
4）Jack soon fell asleep with the light still burning。(作伴随状语)
5）I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill。(作原因状语)
6)He sat with his arms clasped around his knees。（作方式状语)
注:with复合结构在句子中还可以作定语，阅读下面的句子。
1）There was a letter for Lanny with a Swiss stamp on it.（作定语修饰letter）
2)It was a vast stretch of country with cities in the distance。(作定语修饰a stretch of country）
1。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _______， he gladly accepted it。
A。 finished B. finishing C. having finished D. was finished
2. You have no idea how she finished the relay race _______ her foot wounded so much。
A. for B。 when C。 with D。 while
4. --——Come on, please give me some ideas about the project.
-—-—Sorry. With so much work _______ my mind, I almost break down.
A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled
5. John received an invitation to dinner， and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it.
A。 finished B。 finishing C。 having finished D. was finished
6。 I couldn't do my homework with all that noise _______。
A。 going on B. goes on C。 went on D。 to go on
7. _______ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease， the patient sought her doctor’s help to end her life.
A. Having given up hope of cure B。 With no hope for cure
C. There being hope for cure D。 In the hope of cure
8. ________ two exams to worry about， I have to work really hard this weekend。
A。 With B。 Besides C。 As for D/ Because of
9。 It was a pity that the great writer died _______ his works unfinished.
A. for B。 with C。 from D. of
10. ______ production up by 60％， the company has had another excellent year。
A. As B。 For C. With D。 Through
2,float vi。 漂浮
Float on the water
Floating restaurant
Floating bridge
In Hangzhou， there is a kind of water lily whose pads are so huge that a person can stand on them. This is a Victoria lily， the largest kind of water lily in the world. Its pads are more than two meters wide and its white or purple flowers can grow as large as 45 centimeters across。
3， so…that…与such…that…的区别
①He is such a good boy that we all like him。
= He is so good a boy that we all like him.
②The flowers are so beautiful that we all like him。
= They are such beautiful flowers that we all like him。
练习：
It was a hundred people looked lost in it.
A， too large room so B, so a large room where
C, so large a room that D, such a large room which
We were in when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.
A， a rush so anxious B， a such anxious rush
C, so an anxious rush D,such an anxious rush
Such…as…与 such…that…区别
对比There is a kind of water lily whose pads are so huge that a person can stand on.
练习：
Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem____ none of us worked out.
A. as B。 that C。 which D。 whose
The man showed us so heavy a stone ___ no one can lift.
A。 that B。 as C。 which D and
This is such a heavy box ____ I can’t move it。
A。 as B。 that C。 which D。 Whose
4， more than
① 超过，多余
There are more than 300 people living in the village。
② 非常，很= very
I am more than happy to see again.
5， as… as
1. The manager called upon his employees to improve their service. As a result, the supermarket attracted ____ customers in 2009 as the year before.
A。 as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D。 twice as many as
2. Many people consider that French is ____ as Russian while I think the contrary.
A。 as difficult a language B. as a difficult language
C。 too difficult a language D. too a difficult language
3. In ancient times， people rarely travelled long distances and most farmers only travelled ____ the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C。 as much as D. as far as
Some flowering plants can also be eaten. The lotus, a near relative of the water lily, is such a plant。 It has a long white root, in which there are many holes. In Asian countries, lotus roots and seeds are often cooked and served in meals。 In the West， eating lotus roots or seeds is not as popular as it is in Asia.
6， relative
①n。 亲戚，同类的 a close/ distant relative friends and relatives
②adj。 相对的,比较的,与……有关的
After his troubles, he is now in relative comfort。
③ relate v。
Be related to 与……有关
The fall in the cost of living is directly related to the drop in the oil price。
7， root n. 根 v. 生根
Take root生根,扎根
Deeply rooted 根深蒂固的
8,serve v.
① 为……服务 serve the people 为人民服务
He has served in the army for 5 years.
② 供应（serve sb sth= serve sth to sb）
What time is breakfast served in the hotel?
③ serve as/for 充当
One room had to serve as both bedroom and living room。
The banyan tree is an interesting tree with many roots growing down from its branches. It can be found in South China and other parts of Asia. When its roots reach the ground， they plant themselves and grow bark. Eventually they either become part of the original tree trunk or become separate tree trunks. Using this method， banyan trees can cover an enormous area。 The world’s largest banyan tree， in India, covers an area larger than a football pitch。 Even though it is only one tree， it looks like a whole forest！
9, 想一想本段第一句话中的语法现象
10， separate
① adj. 不同的 they all have separate rooms.
② v. 分隔，分离 separate A from B
A fence separated the cows from the pigs.
11,分析句子：Using this method， banyan trees can cover an enormous area.
12，cover
① n. 封皮，外皮the cover of the book， the cover of the Ipad
② v. 覆盖，占……面积
The ground was covered with fallen leaves， which made the ground colorful。
We have covered a distance of 100 meters.
Speaking of trees, a gingko tree believed to be around 2800 years old was recently discovered in Hebei Province, China. Many gingko trees have been around for more than 1000 years---that is the reason why they are known as ’longevity trees’ in China. While gingko trees can live for a long time， they are not even near being the oldest trees. Bristlecone pine trees in America are among the oldest living trees. One bristlecone pine tree in Nevada is over 4600 years Old!
13, speak of 说到，谈起
Speaking of food, can you tell me what kind of food are healthy？
Speak highly of 高度评价，赞扬
He was spoken highly of for his good deeds。
14, be believed to = It's believed that…
He is believed to be a good student。= It’s believed that he is a good student。
It was believed that he had finished the whole task。=

类似用法词语：say， report, claim等
It is said that China has been one of the most powerful countries， ？
15, that is the reason why……
The reason why… is that…
This is the reason why he was late for the meeting.
The reason why he was late for the meeting is that his clock didn’t work。

S1B Unit 3 More reading
Learn to care for plants
Read this article from a newspaper to get some new ideas about what plants you can grow this year。
Spring is in the air， so it is time to go outside and do some gardening。 Here are three plants which can decorate your home.
Why not grow common white jasmine? You can raise it as either a bush or a vine. Jasmine vines produce more flowers than jasmine bushes， but they need a frame to grow on. If you grow them on a frame over a path, the path will soon have a cover of whit， sweet-smelling flowers。 Jasmine is not just for tea。
Of course, if you like blossoms， do not ignore the Yulan magnolia. These trees can grow to be over 12 meters tall。 In early spring， they are covered with white blossoms which are more than 12 centimeters wide。 After the blossoms fall off, green leaves cover the trees all summer. In autumn, these leaves change to red and orange before they litter the ground with color. The Yulan magnolia is ideal for cool， moist climates.
  If you have no idea what to grow， you could plant a golden ball cactus。 You could keep it in your house, or plant it outside where it can grow to be more than 60 centimeters tall. While it prefers the sun， it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade。
课 后 练 习 题
Ⅰ.Fill in the blanks.
1. Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock(夜以继日地）， _______ supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake。
A. that B. where C. which D. whose
2。 The church tower which _______ will be open to tourists soon。 The work is almost finished。
A. has restored B。 has been restored C。 is restoring D. is being restored
3。 Because of the financial crisis, days are gone___ local 5-star hotels charged 6，000 yuan for one night.
A。 if B. when C。 which D. since
4. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in charges in the law.
A。 where B。 when C. who D。 which
5. In an hour， we can travel to places ________ would have taken our ancestors(祖先） days to reach.
A. where B。 when C。 which D. what
6. If a shop has chairs ________ women can park their men， women will spend more time in the shop.
A。 which B. when C. that D. where
7。 Her sister has become a lawyer, ________ she wants to be。
A。 who B。 that C. what D。 which
Ⅱ。 Fill in the blanks in the proper forms of the words and phrases given in the box。
serve float enormous eventually speak of
frame cover fall of be in the air why not
1. ________ her son who died in the war， her body shivered slightly。
2. The boy shouted excitedly when he saw a balloon ________ across the sky。
3. The kind old lady gave the beggar a（an） ________ plate of food。
4. Helen ________ a customer when the fire started.
5. The man worked so hard that he ________ fell ill。
6. After it snowed for hours， the mountain ________ with a thick white blank.
7. In the silver ________ on the table is a photograph of her daughter.
8. The number of people attending this club ________ this year。
9. Winter ________, so it is wise of you to wear a pair of gloves while driving a motorcycle。
10. ________ take a subway there? It will be much quicker.
Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the given verbs。
1. The lawyer is charging you about a hundred pounds an hour for his ________ （serve).
2. A person aged over 60 now is only fit for ________ （garden) and sleeping in a chair。
3. Their work includes the identification of genes which govern（管理,支配） the ________ (grow) rate。
4. Many people are worryingly ________ (ignore) the facts about global warming.
5. With its simple ________ (decorate）， the main bedroom is a peaceful haven。
6. Business bank accounts were kept ________ (separate) from personal ones。
Ⅳ。 Translation。
1. 地球上的森林没有十五年前多了。(not so…as)
_________________________________________________________________________
2. 无法预测全球变暖的最终结果.（eventually）
_________________________________________________________________________
3. 他招待我吃了一顿可口的午餐。（serve)
_________________________________________________________________________
4. 我们不知道他去了哪里。（have no idea +关系副词引导从句)
_________________________________________________________________________
5. 这种行为是不能容忍的.(tolerate)
_________________________________________________________________________