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,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,Advanced English,Wen Shan,Foreign Languages School,Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University,文珊,外国语学院,广东技术师范学院,1/52,Advanced English,Unit 12,The Loons,by Margaret Laurence,2/52,Teaching Procedure,1.Background Knowledge,2.Questions about the Text,3.Structure of the Text,4.Writing Characteristics,5.Detailed Analysis of the Text,6.Topic Discussion,7.Exercise,3/52,I.Background Knowledge,Margaret Laurence,4/52,I.Background Knowledge,Questions about the author:,1.What s her nationality?Was she born to be named“Margaret Laurence”?,2.Is she still alive?,3.How much do you know about“Manawaka Series”?,4.From which book of her our text is taken?And how much do you know that book?,5.When did she begin seriously to write?,6.In addition to writing,what other causes did she also devote to?,5/52,I.Background knowledge,Margaret Laurence,one of the major contemporary Canadian writers,was born on July 18,1926 in the prairie town of,Neepawa,Manitoba.,Born Jean Margaret,Wemyss,Laurence suffered the loss of her parents at a very young age.,6/52,7/52,8/52,I.Background Knowledge,Her mother,Verna Simpson,Wemyss,died in1930 when Margaret was only four years old;her father Robert Wemyss,who later married Vernas sister,passed away only five years after the death of his first wife.Raised from then on by her aunt/stepmother,a teacher and librarian,and her,maternal grandfather,Laurences love of literature and of writing flourished with her aunts encouragement and guidance.,9/52,I.Background Knowledge,Having begun to write in the second grade,Laurence decided early in life to become a writer.She began writing professionally in 1943 when she got a summer job as a reporter for the town newspaper and in 1944 she enrolled in the Honours English program at,Winnipegs,United College(known today as the University of Winnipeg).,10/52,I.Background Knowledge,There,she began to publish her stories and poems in,Vox,the United College newspaper of which she later became,assistant editor.,In 1947,after graduating with her BA from United College,Laurence went on to become a reporter for,the Winnipeg Citizen.,Later that same year,she married Jack Laurence,a civil engineer.,11/52,I.Background Knowledge,In 1949,Margaret Laurence and her husband left for England and then,a year later,they moved to the British Protectorate of Somalia(known today as Somalia).They lived in Africa until 1957,spending the last five years of their stay in the Gold Coast(known today as Ghana).,12/52,I.Background Knowledge,This time away from Canada marked a tremendously important period in Margaret Laurences life.,Not only were her two children born during this time,but it was also in Africa that Laurence began to work seriously on writing fiction.,Laurence said that it was at the time that she“began seriously to write.”A travel book,The Prophets Camel Bell”,written some years later,describe the Laurences experience in Somaliland.,13/52,I.Background Knowledge,Returning home in 1957,the Laurences settled in Vancouver where they remained for five years.There,Margaret finished,This Side Jordan,for which,after its publication in 1960,she received the Beta Sigma Phi award for the best first novel by a Canadian writer.It was also in Vancouver that Laurence began to write her first novel with a,Canadian subject,.Completed and published in 1964,The Stone Angel,was the first in Laurences famous,series of novels,set in the,fictional Manitoba town of Manawaka.,14/52,I.Background Knowledge,During the last decade of her life,Margaret Laurence was actively involved in speaking and writing about issues that concerned her such as nuclear disarmament,the environment,literacy,and other social issues.Today,that work continues through organizations like the Margaret Laurence Fund and honours like The Margaret Laurence Award for Excellence which continue to support such worthy causes.Margaret Laurence died on January 5,1987 and her ashes were,interred,at the Riverside Cemetery in,Neepawa,Manitoba,.,15/52,Her Manawaka Series,The Stone Angel,(1964),A Jest of God,(1966)for which she received the 1967 Governor Generals Award and which was basis for a movie entitled“Rachel Rachel”staring Joanne Woodward.,The Fire Dwellers,(1969),A Bird in the House,(1970),The Diviners,(1974),1975 Governor Generals Award winner,and was made into a movie in 1976,16/52,A Bird in the House,(1970),A Bird in the House,is a series of eight,interconnected,short stories narrated by,Vanessa Macleod,as she matures from a child at age ten into a young woman at age twenty.Vanessa reveals much about the adult world in which she lives and it is considered as a semi-biographical.,collection of short stories.,17/52,A Bird in the House,(1970),1.The Sound of the Singing,2.To Set Our House in Order,3.The Mask of the Bear,4.A Bird in the House,5.The Loons,6.Horses of the Night,7.The Half-Husky,8.Jerichos Brick Battlements(城堡上城垛),18/52,loons,Loons are,water birds,like ducks.The Common loon is the species best known to people,as its breeding range lies across most of Canada.All five species of loons migrate to warmer areas around the Gulf of Mexico and on the east and west coast of North America to winter and return to northern lakes to breed when the ice melts in spring.,19/52,loons,Loons have long been considered by many North Americans as beautiful and special,symbolizing wilderness.Many cottage-goers,campers,and vacationers would feel their trip was incomplete without viewing a loon or listening to its,haunting,call.,20/52,The American Indians,Why do we have to know something about American Indians when we study this text?,Who are the Indians?Where did they come from?Where do the live today?Why is it so difficult for them to assimilate?,21/52,The American Indians,The American Indians are of Asian ancestry.Thousands of years,before,Columbus,came to the New World,they entered North America by crossing,a narrow strip,of land that one connected Alaska and Siberia.Ancient,geological,changes raised the level of the oceans covering this natural bridge with water.Today this place is called the,Bering Strait.,22/52,The American Indians,At its narrowest point,the Strait is only 56 miles wide.In ancient times,a crossing there,even by primitive boat,must have been comparatively easy.,23/52,The American Indians,The,migrants,entered a new world in which there were no people at all.But there were many animals to hunt,and there were forests where nuts,roots,and berries could be gathered.Living comfortably on this food supply,the newcomers spread out.,24/52,The American Indians,Some moved south into Central and South America.Others traveled east of the Atlantic Ocean.These migrations were gradual,probably taking thousands of years.Eventually,the people who became the American Indians had,spread,across North America.,25/52,The American Indians,These migrants contained groups of quite different cultural ancestry.This is evident in the variety of languages they spoke.There are at least 200 separate Indian languages in North America,each with its own grammar and vocabulary.And none is related in any way to English or any other European language.,26/52,The American Indians,What kind of Indians is mentioned in our text?,How does the writer describe their language?,27/52,The American Indians,Indians have shown great determination,continuing to hunt and fish or to manage small farms just as their ancestors did.But compared to other Americans,most Indians are poor.Through a long and difficult struggle that continues to this day,the Indians have striven to preserve their traditions,their religion,and their culture.,28/52,The American Indians,Conditions which favored the old life are gone for ever,and yet many Indians are unable to adopt the white mans ways.Now some of them are in trouble with the law.,29/52,The American Indians,From the European viewpoint,the Indians were,a primitive stone-age people,who made their tools from stone,bone or wood.The Indians did not know how to work metal.Their farms,if they had any,were small.And they did not ranch.These were all enterprises which the whites were eager to start but the Indians were in the way.,A cultural clash was unavoidable.,30/52,The American Indians,1.How does the writer describe the Indians living condition in the story?,2.Is there any Indian who is in trouble with the law?,3.Do the common white people like the local Indians?How do you know that?,4.How do American Indians look like?,31/52,The American Indians,32/52,The American Indians,33/52,The American Indians,34/52,Textual Analysis,Questions about the text:,What impressed you most after your first reading of the text?,35/52,Questions about the Text,writing,type:,narration,short story:a story from 500-15,000 words.,narrator:,The person telling the story,may or may not be a character in the story.Be sure to separate the author from the narrator,they usually arent the same person.,Vanessa,MacLeod,36/52,Questions about the Text,point of view:,first person,third person,third-person omniscient,The narrator can tell what is going on the minds of all the characters.,third-person limited,The narrator can tell what is going in one or two of the characters,usually the main character.,37/52,Questions about the Text,characters:,main characters,:,Piquette and Vanessa,minor characters,:,Jules,Riel,Maceleod,Lazarus,Roddie,Beth,Ewen,the Ducans,Mavis,Alvin,protagonist:,A good person in a story,usually the central character,.,Piquette Tonnerre,38/52,Questions about the Text,order:,Chronological:,When a story is told in the order that events actually happened.,39/52,Questions about the Text,setting,Setting is re very important in the characterization and the expression of the theme of a passage.,Manawaka,40/52,Questions about the Text,two specific settings are presented,para 1and 2,:,the living surrounds and conditions of Piquette are described in detail in order to lay down the fundamental causes why this girl is doomed to a strategic life in the later years.Misfortune and had been buried in her life since her childhood.,para17:,in which the author tired her best to depict an idyllic world or heaven in her eyes,maybe also in the eyes of Piquette,helping to emphasize the loneliness,torture,struggle and strong desires for freedom and happiness in the deep heart of Piquette.,41/52,Questions about the Text,plot,It is about Piquette,a half-bred girl who grow up under harsh circumstances.Vanessa used to be a classmate of Piquette when she was yang and her father happens to be Piquettes doctor and he invites her to spend the summer holiday with them in the Diamond Lake for the sake of her health.Nine years later after that,Vanessa happens to meet her in a caf and she tells Vanessa that she is going to marry a white man.And four years later when Vanessa comes home for holiday from university,she learns that Piquette is burnt to death together with her two Children.Vanessa revisit the lake.,42/52,Questions about the Text,The summer holiday togetherthe meeting in the barheard about her deathrevisit the lake,not complicated,no apparent violent events or clashes,43/52,Questions about the Text,conflict:,It refers to the problem in the story.Usually the protagonist against 1.nature 2.him/herself or 3.another character(the antagonists)or 4.against society.,the conflict between Piquette and the whole society,44/52,Questions about the Text,climax:,the point of highest action and suspense in a,story.,P213,No one can ever describe that ululating sound,the crying of the loons,and no one who has,heard it can ever forget it.Plaintive.,45/52,Questions about the Text,mood,:,The way the reader feels when reading a story,touching,a low mood,sad,sympathetic,pity,tone:,The authors attitude towards the characters or the story.,calm,remorseful,Tone is different from mood because it describes how the author feels about the characters,whereas mood describes how the reader feels when reading the story.,46/52,Questions about the Text,Piquettes change(appearance,behavior,characteric),childhood,(,that summer),hoarse voice,clumsy limping walk and her grimy cotton dress,(face)bore no expression,kept silent,rude attitude,lonely,defiant,16years old,(a caf),changed,animated,talk and laugh,violent gaiety lipstick,hair,eyes,teeter,skirts,sweater,hash perfume,was seeking her own happiness,the end of,her life,put on an awful weight,never speak,drunk,helpless,hopeless,looked a mess,slattern,47/52,Questions about the Text,Why does the author entitle the story“The Loons”?,It is quite obvious to find symbolism in this novel.Here the loon symbolized the little girlPiquette.,the crying of the loons symbolizes the eagerness of the girl for personal happiness,the disappearance of the loons in the modern world symbolizes the death of the girl in the chaos of the modern society.,48/52,Questions about the Text,Theme,This touching story tells of the plight of Piquette,a girl from a native family.Her people were marginalized by the white-dominating society.They are unable to exist independently in a respectable and dignified way.They found it impossible to fit into the main current of culture and difficult to be assimilated comfortably.At school,Piquete felt out of place and ill at ease with the white children.When she had grown up she didnt have any chance to improve her life.,49/52,Questions about the Text,In face her situation was more and more messed up to the end,she was killed in a fire.Her death is like the disappearance of the loons on Diamond Lake.Just as the narrators father predicated,the loons would go away when more cottages were built up at the lake with more people moving in.the loons disappeared as the nature was ruined by civilization.In a similar way,Piquette and her people failed to find their position in modern society.,50/52,Structure of the Text,Part I,:para12,introduction and description of the surroundings of the Tonneres,Part II:,para347,that holiday with Piquette on the Diamond Lake,Part III:,para4862,a meet with Piquette four years later,Part IV:,para6370,several years later,hearing about Piquettes death from my mother,Part V:,para7175,revisiting the Diamond Lake and the disappearance of loons,51/52,Language Characteristics,Lyricism of language is employed when it comes to the subtle description of the settings.,Colloquialism and idioms are employed in the dialogues between characters in an attempt to invite readers to become involved in the lives of the characters.,Many figures of speech are used to make the text vivid,such as metaphor,simile,onomatopoeia,etc.,The most prominent feature is symbolism,the parallel of the loons and Piquette.,52/52,
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