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八年级英语下册-Unit-5-Amazing-Animals要点攻略-教科版.doc

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Unit 5 Amazing Animals 要点攻略 cold 单词小议 cold形容词(colder, coldest),表示“冷;寒冷的;冷淡”;名词,表示“寒冷;感冒”。本单元主要表示“感冒”。常用的短语:keep the cold out 御寒;catch/ have/ get a cold 受凉;感冒;easily take colds 容易伤风;take a bad / heavy cold 患了重伤风; 例如:   Winter is the coldest season of the year. 冬天是一年中最冷的季节。   They made a cold response to the matter. 他们对这个问题反应是冷淡的。   There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out. 松散的雪里有大量的空气,这有助于御寒。   He have caught a cold for a week. 他患感冒一周了。 注意习惯用法: have/ get a cold 一定要有a。 You’ll catch ( a ) cold. 此处a可有可无。 Half the boys in the class were absent with bad colds.  班上半数学生因患重感冒缺课。 辨析: cold“寒冷的,冷的”,反义词是hot (热的);cool“凉爽”既不热也不冷,反义词是warm(温暖)。 了解一下“跳”的不同jump / hop / leap / spring 这些词都表示“跳”的意思。但略有不同。 jump是最普通用语。这任何位置、方向的跳跃。例如:   The boy jumped across the puddle.  小男孩跳过水坑。   She jumped out of bed as soon as she was called. 她一听见有人叫她,立即从床上跳下来。 spring 指动作优美轻盈的弹跳。例如:   The branch sprang back and hit him on the face. 树枝弹回来打了他的脸。   The dog tried to spring over the gate. 那条狗想从门上跳过去。 leap 指大跨度的快速跳跃,比jump的动作优美、轻捷。例如:   The young deer were leaping about in the meadow. 小鹿在草地上跳来跳去。   A fish leaped out of the water. 鱼儿跃出水面。 hop 指人单足跳,也可指鸟、蛙等跳动。例如:   As her left foot was hurt, she had to hop along.  她因左脚有伤,不得不单腿跳着走。   The birds came hopping round my window. 鸟儿飞到我窗前,跳来跳去。 hear用法 辨析hear / listen 辨析hear / hear of / hear from hear 动词“听,听见,听说,听取”,过去式及过去分词为heard。常用结构有:   hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事(一个完成的动作或某个动作的全过程)   be heard to do sth 被听见做……   hear sb doing sth  听见某人正在做某事(一个正在进行的动作)   hear + that 从句,“听说……”   hear about / of … 听人说起   hear from sb 收到某人的来信 例如:   I hear him go out. 我听见他出去了。   The children were often heard to sing this song. 常听孩子们唱这首歌。   I heard them talking in the next room. 我听见他们正在隔壁房间交谈。   I hear that he has gone to Paris. 我听说他已去了巴黎。   They had often heard of elephant, but they had never seen her. 他们常听见人说起大象,但从未见过一只。   Have you heard from John recently? 近来你收到约翰的信了吗? 辨析hear / listen hear和listen都有“听”的意思。但用法不同。Hear是“听见”,不一定都是有意的,有时是偶然听见;而listen则是“仔细倾听”,是不及物动词,一般与介词to连用。Hear则指听得结果,通常不用进行时态;listen则指听的过程,可以有进行时态。例如:   I listened but could hear nothing. 我注意听,但什么也没听见。   I can hear somebody coming. 我听到有人正在走来。 辨析hear / hear of / hear from hear用作及物动词时,可做“听、听见”讲,指亲耳听到,后面接宾语(或宾语+不定式或现在分词);也可做“听说、得知”讲,指听到别人说某一件事,后面接宾语从句。例如:  I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。   I hear that they are singing in the classroom. 我听说他们正在教室里唱歌。 hear of 也作“听说”讲,指听到别人说起某人或某事,后面通常接名词和代词。例如:   I have never heard of such a man. 我从来没有听说过这样一个人。 hear from的意思是“收到……的来信”,后面接名词或代词。例如:  I hear from him every month. 我每月都收到他的信。 辨析be able to / can be able to 和can的意思相近,但be able to 可有更多的时态形式。另外它还可以用于不定式或动名词短语中。例如:   I’d like to be able to stay here. 我想要呆在这儿。   He said he regretted not being able to swim. 他说他对不会游泳感到遗憾。   I shall be able to come next Tuesday. 下周二我能来。 Can的过去式could,在表示“一般的能力”,即你想干什么就可以干什么时,可以与was / were able to 互换,但是在表达过去某种具体的能力,即在某种场合作某事的能力时要用was / were able to, managed to。 例如:   At last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and smile and say ….   最后她抬起头,眼含泪水微笑着说…… (不可以说成…she could look up…)这种用法在否定句中它们之间并无区别。 Be able to 不可表示“允许”, 如:不可说You are able to go now. 应该改为You can go now. 你现在可以走了。 例如:My brother is able to / can drive a car. 我弟弟会开汽车。 They stood there, unable to make a decision. 他们站在那犹豫不决。 We were able to do the work. 我们能做这项工作。 She is able to swim. 她会游泳。     你问我答 问:本单元我学到一个词:record,能给我好好讲解一下该词的用法吗? 答:好的。 record动词,表示“录音/像;记录;记载”。例如:   She recorded everything that was said at the meeting. 她记下会议的全部发言。 在本单元中record当可数名词用,表示“记录;记载;唱片”。例如:   Mr. Crossette thus kept a record of all his old students.  克罗塞特先生就是这样保存了他所教过的学生成绩。   He set a new record in men’s high jump. 他创了男子跳高新纪录。 注:recorder 是可数名词,表示“录音机”。recordable,形容词 “可记录的”。recordation,名词 “记录,记载”。例如:   A recorder is often used in our English class. 英语课上我们常用录音机。 常用的短语:   a record of events 大事记   a school record 学生成绩报告单   set a new world record in men’s high jump 刷新男子跳高的世界纪录   break a record 打破纪录   record breaker 打破纪录者   hold the record of… 保持……的纪录 - 3 - 用心 爱心 专心
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