高一英语Unit-5-Nelson-Mandela——a-modern-hero人教实验版知识精讲.doc

高一英语Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern hero人教实验版
【本讲教育信息】
一. 教学内容：
Unit 5 Nelson Mandela——a modern hero
1. 重点单词短语用法讲解
2. 课文难点句解析

二. 知识总结与归纳：
单元内容简介：
主题：了解认识历史名人的基本情况，学会主动思考并表述对心目中英雄任务的看法，学习他们的优秀品质，以提高自身素质。同时初步学习用英语表达评论和表述自己的看法的方法。

三. 重点讲解与归纳：
1. What are the qualities you should find in a great person?
quality:
1）量，品质
Quality is more important than quantity.质量比数量更重要。
He has all the qualities of a good teacher. 他具有一个好老师的所有品质。
2）质，特点
One quality of wood is that it can burn.木头的特点之一是它会燃烧。
注意：quality 质量
quantity 数量

2. Do you ask for help when you think it necessary?
ask for help 寻求帮助
ask for sth. 要求得到（某物）
ask for sb. 要求见某人，找某人
Every time he gets home, he asks for money. 每次他到家总是要钱。
Mr. Black is asking for you. 布来克先生要求见你。
词组：ask about sth. 问有关……的情况
ask sb. for sth. 要求某人给予某物

3. Are you willing to do public service work without pay?
willing:
1）be willing to do sth. 愿意做某事
I am willing to help you.
2）willing: adj. 乐意的，自愿的
They are willing workers. 他们是自愿做的。
will: n. 决心，意志
He is a person with strong will. 他是一个很有毅力的人。
Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。
service: 帮助，服务
He gave me a lot of service. 他给我很多帮助。
The service in that hotel is good. 那家旅馆的服务很好。
词组：at one’s service 随时为某人服务
be of service （to）（对……）有帮助
public service: 公益服务

4. Do you easily lose heart when you are in trouble?
lose heart: 灰心，丧失信心
Don’t lose heart. You can be success. 不要灰心。你会成功的。
in trouble 有麻烦，处于不幸中
He always comes here when he is in trouble. 他有麻烦的时候总会来这里。
词组：
get into trouble 遇到麻烦
make trouble 制造麻烦
have trouble （in） doing sth. 做某事有困难

5. He died for his ideas but his work was later used in the Bible.
die for:
1）为……而死
He died for his motherland. 他为他的祖国而死。
2）渴望, 切望（只用于进行时态）
我真想喝一杯水。
I’m dying for a cup of water.
词组：
die away 慢慢变弱，渐渐消失
die out 灭绝

6. He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War Ⅱ.
fight: v. 打仗，打架 （fight—fought—fought）
fight for 为……而战
fight against 与……作战，和……做斗争
The workers fought for their rights. 工人们为自己的权利作战。
England fought against Germany in the war. 战争中，英国与德国作战。

7. He founded the first Republic in China in 1911…
found: 建立，创建
The company was founded in 1950. 这家公司创建于1950年。
founding: n. 成立，创立
foundation: n. 基础，根据
注意：find—found—found 寻找
found—founded —founded 建立

8. He strongly believed in the three principles…
believe in: 信任
分析：believe 和 believe in
believe sb. 相信某人的话
believe in sb. 信任某人
I believe what he said because I believe in him. 我相信他说的话，因为我信任他。

9. He gave up a rich life for his ideas and fought for his country to be free from the UK in a peaceful way.
give up: 放弃
He decided to give up smoking. 他决定戒烟。
分析：give up 和give in
give up: 放弃，可以单独用也可以带宾语
give in： 屈服，后面不可以带宾语
be free from:摆脱（不好的东西）的，无……的
You should try to write sentences（没有错误的）_______________________.
Keep the children （免受伤害）____________________.
free from mistakes
free from harm

10. He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years.
be in prison 在狱中，被监禁
He has been in prison for five years. 他被关在监狱里五年了。
Put… in prison = send… to prison = throw… into prison 把……投入监狱
The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼被关入监狱了。
He was sent to prison ten years ago. 他十年前被抓去坐牢。

11. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
period 一段时间，时期
She studied Chinese history for a long period of time. 她长期研究中国历史。
the time when 其中when 引起定语从句
This was a time when you had to keep calm. 这段时间你必须保持镇定。
Do you still remember the time when we go to school together?
你还记得我们一起上学的日子吗？

12. It was in 1952 and he had opened a black law firm to advise poor black people on their problems.
advice：建议
1）advise sb. on … 就……给某人出主意
He advised me on buying the house. 他建议我买那间房子。
2）advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干……
Our teacher advises me to practice more spoken English.
我们的英语老师建议我多练习口语。
3）advise that +（should） do
I advise that you （should） not talk in class. 我建议你不要在课堂上讲话。

13. I had to leave, because my family could not continue to pay the school fees and the bus fare.
continue 继续
continue sth.
continue to do sth.=continue doing sth.
continue with sth.
We continued our journey the next day. 第二天我们继续旅行。
He continued to work/working/with his work as if nothing had happened. 他继续干活，好象什么也没有发生过。

14. Sadly I did not have this passbook because I was not born there and I was worried about whether I would be out of work.
be worried about = worry about 担心
She worries about her health.
= She is worried about her health. 她很担心她的健康。
out of work 失业
Jim has been out of work for months. 吉姆已经几个月没有工作了。

15. … only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。
only then 此处引起倒装句，当only修饰状语位于句首时，句子采用部分倒装的结构。
Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master English.
只有每天练习几个小时你才能掌握英语。
only 修饰主语时，句子不倒装。
Only he knew how to solve the problem. 只有他才知道怎么解决这个问题。

16. As a matter of fact, I do not like violence… but in 1936 I helped him blow up some government buildings. 事实上我不喜欢暴力……但在1963年我帮他炸了一些政府大楼。
as a matter of fact = in fact
As a matter of fact, I don’t know the truth. 事实上，我不知道真相。

17. But I was happy to help because I knew it was to realize our dream of making black and white people equal.
equal 平等的
Women demand equal pay for equal work. 妇女要求同工同酬。
be equal to 等于，相当于，能胜任的
I’m not equal to the position. 我不能够胜任那个职位。

【模拟试题】
I. 单项选择
1. ______ is the best table tennis player in your school?
A. Do you think who B. Do you know that who
C. Who do you think D. Whom do you know
2. I thought he was an honest man _____I saw him.
A. the first time B. for the first time C. after the first time D. when the first time
3. It must have rained last night, ______the ground is wet.
A. because B. for C. because of D. thanks to
4. Only when your identity has been checked _____.
A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in
C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in
5. The Chinese soldiers ______the Japanese invaders bravely and won the battle at last.
A. fought against B. fought from C. fought at D. fought to
6. I _____my homework last night, but I forgot.
A. should have finished B. should finish C. hadn’t finished D. shouldn’t have finished
7. The workers ______their work although it was raining.
A. went on B. went on to do C. continued D. kept on
8. He got up early and hurried to the station _____missing his train.
A. for fear of B. instead of C. in search of D. was afraid of
9. Don’t be ashamed to _____if you are in trouble.
A. ask for help B. ask for helping C. ask help D. ask helping
10. He did nothing after graduation, so his parents ______his future.
A. worried for B. worried at C. were worried about D. were worried for
11. He found he had some difficulty _____the work, but he took the trouble _____it well.
A. doing, doing B. to do, to do C. doing, to do D. to do, doing
12. Yesterday in Iraq, a bus was _____. Seven people were killed, including a little boy.
A. picked up B. put up C. taken up D. blown up
13. He stole a lot of money and _______prison.
A. was thrown in the B. put in the C. thrown into D. was put in.
14. Though he didn’t like dancing, at last she _____the invitaion to the ball.
A. accepted B. got C. received D. refused
15. The book begins _____the death of a reporter. It is worth reading.
A. with B. from C. at D. in

Ⅱ. 完形填空
Are your table manners much better when you are eating at a friend’s home or in a restaurant than they are at your own home? Probably so, ___16_____ you are aware that people judge you by your table manners. You take special pains when you are eating ___17____. Have you ever stopped to realize how much less self-conscious you would be on such occasions if ____18___ table manners had become a habit for you? You can make them a habit by __19___ good table manners at home.
Good manners at mealtimes help you and those around you to feel __20___. This is true at home as much as it is true in someone else’s home or in a restaurant. Good __21__ make meals more enjoyable for everyone at the table.
By this time you probably know quite well what good table manners are. You __22___ that keeping your arms on the table, talking with your__23___ full, and wolfing down your food are not considered good manners. You know also that if you are mannerly, you say “Please” and “Thank you” and ask for things to be passed to you.
Have you ever thought of a pleasant attitude as being__24___ to good table manners? Not only are pleasant mealtimes enjoyable, but they aid digestion. The dinner table is a __25___ for enjoyable conversation. It should never become a battleground. You are definitely growing in social maturity （成熟） when you try to be an agreeable table companion.
16. A. because B. but C. unless D. though
17. A. in public B. at home C. at ease D. in a hurry
18. A. such B. no C. some D. good
19. A. acting B. enjoying C. practising D. watching
20. A. comfortable B. stressed C. depressed D. outstanding
21. A. dishes B. manners C. atmospheres D. friends
22. A. mention B. prefer C. doubt D. realize
23. A. stomach B. hands C. mouth D. bowl
24. A. essential B. considerate C. obvious D. unusual
25. A. time B. place C. chance D. way

Ⅲ. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从所给的四个选项（A，B，C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
Sometimes the real world can be a confusing place. It is not always fair or kind. And in the real world, there are not always happy endings. That is why, every once in a while, we like to escape into the world of fantasy — a place where things always go our way and there is always a happy ending.
We want to believe in fantastic creatures in imaginary lands. We want to believe in magic powers, good friends, and the power of good to overcome evil. We all fantasize about being able to fly and lift buildings off the ground. And how good a magic sword would feel in our hand as we go off to kill a dragon or win the hand of a beautiful princess.
The amazing adventures of Superman, Peter Pan, and Harry Potter have charmed many people, children and adults alike. The main reason is that these stories offer us chances to get away from this real, frustrating （让人受挫的） world and allow us to find some magical solutions to our problems. For example, Superman always arrives in the nick of time to prevent a disaster from happening. Peter Pan can fly at will to tease （取笑） the bad guy Captain Hook, and Harry Potter has his magic power to take revenge （报仇） on his uncle, aunt and cousin, who always ill-treat him.
26. People enter the world of fantasy for the following reasons EXCERPT that____ _ .
A. the world of fantasy frightens us
B. the real world is often disappointing
C. we can find happy endings there
D. we can always have our wishes fulfilled
27. Superman, Peter, and Harry Potter have charmed many people, because ______.
A. the bad guys always have the upper hand
B. they end up getting married to beautiful princesses
C. their solutions are anything but magical
D. they possess powers that ordinary people don’t have
28. This article about fantasy literature is intended to ______.
A. criticize its unrealistic ideas
B. laugh at those people reading it
C. explain why people like to read it
D. teach people to avoid disasters

B
Students running into track trouble
The material used for playgrounds and running tracks in schools across China may be a danger to children's health, experts say. Scientists believe the rubberized （塑胶的） surface found in many school and college playgrounds gives off a poisonous gas in strong sunlight that can cause people serious harm. The problem came to attention at the China's second School Physical Education Science Conference held in Beijing last month. Experts are now advising schools not to use this material at all costs. It was reported that 15 students in Taipei were poisoned after having PE lessons on newly-built playgrounds of the same rubberized material. The Taiwan authorities （台湾当局） now advise schools to use traditional sand playgrounds while some countries and regions （地区）, including Japan, have banned the use of rubberized playgrounds.
But Professor Xin Haobo, of Qingdao University of Science and Technology, thinks people are over-reacting （反应过度） to the danger. “In strong heat and sunlight, only small amount of poisonous gas is released from the rubberized material,” he said. “What is more, playgrounds are usually outdoors, so the gas isn't strong enough to affect people's health. ” He believes the problems at the school in Taiwan were caused by poor quality material. If the rubber contains a lot of metal, the gas is released more quickly and could poison people. Wang Hui, an environmental engineer in Guangdong, agrees the danger is limited. “Students usually don't stay for very long on the tracks and there is also little skin contact. ”
Meanwhile, others believe rubberized tracks produce benefits too. Lin Fang, sports equipment manager at the High School Attached to South China Normal University, said: “Rubberized tracks greatly reduce sports injuries among students compared to cement （水泥的） tracks. ”
Some schools don't use the rubberized playgrounds as they are expensive to build and maintain. But for those that do, the possibility that they will have to replace them with grass is another expensive and unwelcome situation.
29. The rubberized surface is ______ on a rainy day.
A. harmful B. even more harmful C. less harmful D. isn’t harmful
30. That 15 students in Taipei were poisoned by the rubberized surface is ______.
A. already a fact B. just a lie C. a possibility D. surely wrong
31. Professor Xin Haobo thinks that 15 students in Taipei were killed because of ______.
A. the rubberized surface
B. the gas which the rubberized surface gives off
C. the much metal contained in the rubberized surface
D. hot weather
32. What does the world “do” in the last sentence mean?
A. use B. build C. replace D. maintain

C

Storms Several more rounds of fierce storms, tornadoes （龙卷风） and floods struck many parts of the American Midwest and Northeast as bad weather continued across the US for a second month.

Monsoon （季风） Storms A south-west monsoon has caused great damage in parts of Sri Lanka. Government meteorologists （气象学家） said that unexpected monsoonal winds blew directly across the country from the southern part of the earth at about 100km/h, producing several rounds of stormy weather. Nearly 250 houses in the capital Colombo were damaged.

Mt Etna Erupts（爆发） Sicily Mount Etna volcano （火山） erupted shortly after midnight on July 1, shooting “bombs” of lava（岩浆） on the eastern side of the mountain. The 30-minute eruption could be seen for