四级翻译真题、答案及解析.doc

四级翻译真题、答案及解析

四级大纲样题

　　87.The substance does not dissolve in water ________________(不管是否加热)。

　　88.Not only _______________(他向我收费过高)，but he didn’t do a good repair job either.

　　89. Your losses in trade this year are nothing ____________________(与我的相比)。

　　90. On average, it is said, visitors spend only _____________________(一半的钱) in a day in Leeds as in London.

　　91. By contrast, American mothers were more likely____________________ (把孩子的成功归因于) natural talent.
参考答案：

大纲样题

　　87. whether (it is) heated or not

　　88. Not only did he charge me too much或Not only did he overcharge me

　　89. compared with mine 或 in comparison with mine

　　90. half as much(money)

　　91. to attribute/ascribe their children’s success to

87.`本题考查对whether or not引导让步状语从句的掌握，当从句中的主语等同于主句中的主语，且从句中的结构是“主语+be”时，主语和谓语均可以省略)
88.本题考查对部分倒装的掌握。当句首出现not only或only时，句子应采用部分倒装的结构，即只需把助动词或情态动词置于主语之前。由后半句中的didn’t可知，此处的助动词应使用过去式，“收费过高”也可用overcharge)
89.本题考查compared with或in comparison with作状语的用法，“与…相比”可以用compared with或in comparison with表示)
90.本题考查对倍数表达法的掌握。当用as…as表达倍数时，常用结构为“A+谓语+倍数+as+计量形容词原形+as+B”, “一半”用half 表示)
91.本题考查对be likely to…及attribute…用法的掌握。be likely to为固定用法，意为“可能”其后接原形动词。)
　　06.6

　　87 Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble ______(找到去历史博物馆的路).

　　88 __________(为了挣钱供我上学), Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.

　　89 The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。

　　90 The more you explain, _________________(我愈糊涂).

　　91 Though a skilled worker, _______________(他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.
　06.6

　　87. finding the way to the history museum

　　88. In order to support my university studies (或：to finance my education;to pay for my education/to pay my tuition fees)

　　89. we(should) hand in our/the research report(s)

　　90. the more confused I am

　　91. he was fired by the company

次汉译英命题并没有在词汇方面设置很高的难度，仅涉及到history, museum, education, research, report, confused, company等基本词汇。对考生而言，选择正确的词形和句型则是更大的挑战。
如87题，题干中已经给出have no trouble,说明考察的是have (no)trouble (in) doing sth.这一词组，因此可以断定，关键采分点之一必然是看考生在答案中是否使用了动名词形式；

88题，需要翻译的是目的状语，因此最好的方式必然是以 “in order to”或“to”开头。这一题中给出的参考答案使用了finance的动词用法，但如果考生能够使用raise money, support等相对基础的词汇，相信仍然能够得分。

89题，require that是建议句型的一个变体，这个句型补全之后的形式应为 require that sb. (should) do sth.；

90题，是考生应该十分熟悉的the more…, the more… 句型；同时，对“糊涂”的正确译法“be confused”相信也应是关键采分点之一。

91题则是让步状语从句之后的主句，关键采分点之一是看考生是否掌握though引导让步状语从句时，主句不应有but存在。
　　06.12

87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to___(适应不同文化中的生活)

　　88. Since my childhood I have found that ___________(没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)

　　89. The victim___________ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time.

　　90.Some psychologists claim that people_________ (出门在外时可能会感到孤独)

　　91.The nation’s population continues to rise_________ (以每年1200万人的速度)

　06.12

　　87. adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures

　　88. nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important than reading

　　89. would have had a chance to survive或would have survived

　　90. might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling.

　　91. at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million

87. Specialists in intercultural studies say that it is not easy to____ (适应不同文化中的生活)
　　答案：adapt oneself to life/living in different cultures
　　常考词组adapt oneself to 这是往年词汇部分的常考重点词组，也是我们教学中一直强调的知识点。其中最大的陷阱在于，其一，adapt需要增加一个反身代词作泛指主语oneself, 其二，to后面应该跟一个名词，或者动名词doing，而不可以直接跟动词原型作不定式。如果考生在to 后面直接加动词原型live则会马失前蹄。
　　88. Since my childhood I have found that _____ (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力)
　　答案：nothing is more attractive to me than reading或to me, nothing is more important than reading
　　本题考察固定搭配noting is more important than… 这是作文老师历来推崇的精彩搭配，此外，由于英语和汉语的语言差异，汉语中的一些动宾结构常常在英语中以不及物动词表示，比如唱歌 singing, 跳舞dancing, 开车driving 读书reading等等。因此，“读书”正确的译文不应是reading books, 而应是reading。至于该宾语从句的时态问题，则涉及到很多同学写作文时就时常困惑的一个问题。我们的建议是，当写作目的是叙述时，使用过去时，如果表达的内容是议论或者常识性、真理性内容，则即使主句是过去时，从句也应是现在时。
　　89. The victim_____ (本来有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time
　　答案：would have a chance to survive或would have a chance of survival
　　本题考点之一是与过去相反的虚拟语气的基本规则用法。考点之二是核心词汇survive (幸存)和基本词汇chance(机会)。
　　90.Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外时可能会感到孤独)
　　答案：might feel lonely when they are far from home/ are not in their hometown/ traveling.
　　本题的语法考点仍是虚拟语气，考察了与六月份相同的考点――建议句型。本题的词汇考点是lonely(孤独)和alone(独自)的辨析，而“出门在外”，同学们完全可以用自己的语言表达出来。
　　91.The nation’s population continues to rise (以每年1200万人的速度)
　　答案：at a speed/rate of 12 million per year 或 at an annual speed of 12 million
　　本题基本没有语法考点，词汇考点之一是词组at a speed of… (以……的速度)

　　07.6

87. The finding of this study failed to _____________(将人们的睡眠质量考虑在内).

　　88.The prevention and treatment of AIDS is ____________(我们可以合作的领域) .

　　89. Because of the leg injury, the athlete__________________(决定退出比赛).

　　90.To make donations or for more information, please ________(按以下地址和我们联系).

　　91.Please come here at ten tomorrow morning ______________(如果你方便的话).
　07.6

　　87. take people’s sleep quality/quality of sleep into account/consideration

　　88. a field in which we can work together / a field in which we can cooperate

　　89. decided to quit the match

　　90. contact us at the following address

　　91. at your convenience/if it is convenient for you

87.本题考查对take …into account/consideration的掌握。take …into account/consideration意为“把…考虑在内”， “人们的睡眠质量”用people’s sleep quality来表达。也可以用the quality of people’s sleep来表示
88.本题考查对定语从句的掌握。“领域”是the field，“我们可以合作的”作the field的定语从句，引导词可以用where/which，where可以省略，which后须加in
89.本句话是在陈述一件已经发生的事情，应用一般过去时态，因此用decided，“退出比赛”用quit the match来表示
　　90.该句的后半部分是由please祈使句，please后面应该跟原形动词。与某人联系一般用contact表达，介词at与其一起构成介宾短语，修饰contact）
　　91.本题主要考查if 引导的条件状语从句，“你方便的话”用it is convenient for you/at your convenience表示
　　07.12

　　87 __________(多亏了一系列的新发明), doctors can treat this disease successfully.

　　88 In my sixties, one change I notice is that ______________(我比以前更容易累了).

　　89 I am going to pursue this course, _____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).

　　90 I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because ____________(它更方便和省时)
　　91 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______________(用他们能够借到多少来衡量的), not how much they can earn.
　07.12

　　87. Thanks to/ because of a series of new inventions

　　88. I have been more likely to get tired than before/ I get tired more easily than before

　　89. no matter at what expense (cost)/ no matter what I have to sacrifice (pay)/ would have to sacrifice (pay)

　　90. the former/ shopping online is more convenient and efficient (time-saving) (can save more time)

　　91. is measured in terms of how much they can borrow（loan）

次考的翻译部分，难度比上几次略有加大，表现在要翻译的部分在中文表达上本身就长一些，而且所要翻译成的英语中运用的句型也要难一些，具体点评如下：

87. Owing to (或 thanks to) a series of new inventions (多亏了一系列的新发明），doctors can treat this disease successfully.
此句翻译的关键是“多亏了”这个短语，翻译成thanks to 或owing to 要比 because of 或due to 好得多。
88.In my sixties, one change I notice is that I am apt to 或 inclined to be more easily tired than before(我比以前更容易累了)。
此句中翻译比较结构不是难点，大家应该都能翻，但是如果把这句简单翻译成 I feel more easily tired 得分应该不会太高。
89. I am going to pursue this course, no matter whatever sacrifices I will make (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲）.
此句的难点在于“无论”的翻译，no matter whatever 是重点。

90. I would prefer shopping online to shopping in a department store because the latter is more convenient and time-saving (它更加方便和省时）.
注意开始的“它”如果简单翻译成“it”会有指代不清的嫌疑，而改用the former（前者）会更好一些。另外要注意convenient一词的拼写！

91.Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is weighed upon how much they can borrow (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的）, not how much they can earn.
此句翻译时一定要注意和后面how much they can earn 的呼应。
　　08.6

87. Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research______ .(能应用于新技术的开发)

　　88. I can’t boot my computer now. Something ____________(一定出了毛病) with its operation system.

　　89. Leaving one’s job, ____________________,(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.

　　90.________________________,(与我成长的地方相比)，this town is more prosperous and exciting.

　　91.__________________(直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.

　08.6

　　87. can be applied to the development of the new technology.

　　88. must be wrong

　　89. whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is

　　90. Compared with the place where I grew up

91. Not until he had finished the mission
87． Our efforts will pay off if the results of this research can be applied to the development of the new technology. （能应用于新技术的开发）

    主要考察apply to用法，考生应注意不要写成apply for，这个是表示申请。
    88． I can’t boot my computer now. Something must be out of control (一定出了毛病) with its operation system.
    本题考察的是must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或动词的进行式。其实本道题换种形式我们平常也经常说，There is something out of control. 只不过这道题加上must表示推测，并用something作为主语。
    89. Leaving one’s job, whatever job it is/ no matter what job it is,（不管是什么工作）, is a difficult change even for those who look forward to retiring.
    当引导让步状语从句时，whatever与no matter what可以互换。当引导主语从句、宾语从句时，只能用wh-+ever, 如Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the lights.这时不能用no matter+wh-。
    90. Being compared with the place where I grew up,（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.
    这道题首先考察分词的独立主格结构，注意主语this town与动词的主被动关系，主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词；第二点需要注意的是“我成长的地方”考察的是定语从句，并且grew用过去时。
    91. Not until he had finished the mission （直到他完成使命）did he realize that he was seriously ill.
    not until这个句型已经是第二次考到了，这是属于否定前置引起倒装，请见06年12月新六级76题：Not until the deadline did he send out(直到截止日他才寄出)his application form.
    两道题有类似之处，考生需要注意的是not until引起的倒装是主句倒装，从句不倒装，所以从句用正常语序，并要注意用过去完成时，以体现与主句的先后顺序。至于mission这个单词，如果考生有看过汤姆克鲁斯主演的著名影片“碟中谍”，不难知道这个影片片名是mission impossible，所以看电影也是不错的提高英语的手段。

08.12

87.Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems_________(他们至今还没有答案)
88._________(大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.
89.You’d better take a sweater with you ________(以防天气变冷)。
90.Through the project, many people have received training and________(决定自己创业)。
91.The anti-virus agent was not known ____________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)。

08.12
87. which/that they haven’t found answers to
88. what most parents are concerned about
89. in case of temperature drop
90. decided to start their own business
91. until a doctor found it by chance

2008年12月20日四级翻译评析
　　整体而言，本次的翻译难度中等，主要侧重对各类从句的考察(87考定语从句，88主语从句，89和91考状语从句)，以及时态、语态的正确使用。这些都是我们在课堂上反复跟大家强调过的，只要大家考前认真复习过讲义上所涉及的重点语法，相信这些句子不会是大家的“拦路虎”。
　　87. Medical researchers are painfully aware that there are many problems
　　(他们至今还没有答案).
　　解析：做四六级的翻译题实质是在补全句子，所以已给出的英文和要翻译的中文都要分析清楚。本句中要翻译的是一句完整的话，而横线前是名词problems，因此显然是个定语从句的考点，可以选择that或which做关联词，核心动词搭配是have answers to，另外“至今还”提醒我们句子是现在完成时的时态。
　　参考答案：which/that they haven’t found answers to
　　88. (大多数父母所关心的)is providing the best education possible for their children.
　　解析：很显然本句缺主语，有两种方法处理：主语从句或名词短语，核心词汇“关心”可以用concern或care about，而且这样的表述大家在阅读文章中也见得很多。
　　参考答案：What most parents care about / are concerned about或The concern of most parents
　　89. You’d better take a sweater with you (以防天气变冷).
　　解析：大家平时做题的时候应该养成“警觉性”，一看到“以防”，马上要反应出“in case”或“lest”这类的连词。如果用“in case”，后面的从句常用一般现在时或should+动词原型；如果是用lest，一般是用should+动词原型。
　　参考答案：in case it turns/should turn cold或lest it should turn cold
　　90. Through the project, many people have received training and
　　(决定自己创业).
　　解析：本题的考察重点是不定式decide + to do，核心词组“自己创业”是四六级作文的热门话题，相信认真同学们都不回陌生。此外还要注意“决定”和“have received”是并列的。
　　参考答案：decided to start their own business
　　91. The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了它).
　　解析：本题考点是until引导的状语从句和被动语态的结合。“偶然”可以处理为by accident/chance或accidentally。
　　参考答案：until it was accidentally found/discovered by a doctor