现代大学英语精读第四册课件lesson3省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课百校联赛优质课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。不能作为科学依据。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。不能作为科学依据。,Why Historians Disagree,Allen F.Davis&Harold D.Woodman,1/34,Conflict and Consensus,Respectively,Singly in the order designated or mentioned,2/34,Questions for consideration,1)What is history?The whole human past?The recorded past?What historians write about the past?A record of class struggles in the past?A collective human memory?A mirror to the present?A collection of interesting and instructive stories?Propaganda?A totally timeless objective science like physics and mathematics?,2)What is a historian supposed to do?What would you say are the most important characteristics of a good historian?,3)Why do historians disagree?What controversies have excited Chinese historians concerning either ancient or recent history?,3/34,Introduction to the Text,This is a much condensed and adapted version of the preface to the book called,Conflict and Consensus,in,Modern American History,edited by Allen F.Davis and Harold D,Woodman,，,professors at Temple University and Purdue University respectively,，,who also wrote the introduction.,4/34,Assumptions of New Historicism,1.,that there is no transhistorical or universal human essence and that,human subjectivity,is constructed by,cultural codes,which position and limit all of us in various and divided ways,Historians occupy,subject positions,that are socially and linguistically constructed,created by various,discourses,of a given culture,Power relations,show that society controls its members through constructing and defining what appear to be universal and natural truths,Any universalizing or totalizing claims are questionable.We should focus rather on the specificities of a particular historical and cultural context.,5/34,2.,that there is no objectivity,that we experience the world in language,and that all our representations of the world,our readings of texts and of the past,are informed by our own historical position,by the values and politics that are rooted in them,emphasizing the necessity for self-awareness,we must be constantly aware of the difficulties of seeing the past except through the lenses and cultural constructs of the present.,6/34,by way of(p1),by way of,：,through,by route of,，,e.g,Taiwanese planes can now fly from the mainland to Taiwan by way of Hong Kong or Macao,“,By way of”can also mean“as a means of”,，,e,g,He sent her some flowers by way of an apology,7/34,to be immersed in,：,to be completely covered or submerged in a liquid,；,to be deeply involved or absorbed,8/34,Presumably,:adv.(Pa.2)probably,supposed to be true,likely by reasonable assumption although you are not certain,1,It is raining heavily,which,presumably,means that their football match will be postponed.,9/34,Q,All this _ that he agrees to accept our proposal.Otherwise,there would be no ground for cooperation.A.assumes B.presumes,C.presupposes D.surmise,10/34,C,Assume,:,主观臆断,often without real proof;power or responsibility;,展现出,a smile;,假装,innocence;,采取,a false name,Presume,:,I,to do,我冒昧地，私自;推测,although not certain;,认定，推定，意味着,An accused man is d innocent until proven guilty.,Presuppose,:assuming one thing is true in order to continue with what you are saying or thinking,预先推测；以为先决条件,Surmise,:guess from the available evidence although not certain,推测;猜测;疑惑,11/34,Turn out to be (Pa.2)prove to be;,1,turn out well/fine/all right/satisfactory etc.,It was a difficult time,but everything turned out all right.,2,turn out to ones+n.,Please make sure that all the presents will turn out to their satisfaction.,3 turn out to be,He turned out to be a teacher instead of a new student.,4 As it turned out,12/34,Contend v.(Pa.2),1,contend with/against/for:struggle,be in rivalry or competition,They contend with each other for the top prize while getting along well.,2 argue,assert,He contends at the meeting that the universe is expanding.,13/34,Q,This experience opened a new _ in his mind.A.perspective B.prospect,C.factor D.aspect,14/34,Perspective,:,远景;,a way of thinking,视角,观点,想法,Prospect,:,将要发生事,预期展望,景色,视野,（成功）可能性,（经济）前景;堪察(,for)(v.),Factor,:,原因;,Aspect,:one of the parts of sths character or nature,方面;建筑物方位;,appearance or quality,外观,面貌,B,15/34,Can not help but do sth(p3),can,not,help,but,do,can,not,but,do,can,do,nothing,but,do,can,not,do,anything,but,do,不过：,have,no choice/alternative,but,to,do,16/34,take sth.for granted:(Pa4)regard it as true or certain to happen,1,His parents,take his success,in the contest,for granted,.,Take sb.for granted,:treat his presence and actions as a due rather than a favor,17/34,What is history?,百家讲坛 于丹 论语心得,CCTV Hundred Rostrums”is calling for an increased awareness of traditional Chinese culture.How do you comment on the craze of Chinese classics?,How do you like Prof.Yudan?,18/34,Confucianism:Confucius,Chinese philosopher whose Analects contain a collection of his sayings and dialogues compiled by disciples after his death.,Taoism:Zhuangzi and Laozi-two famous scholars of Taoism in ancient China,19/34,Admittedly adv.(Pa7):saying sth which weakens the importance or force of your statement,He is admittedly a scholar.(without denial,by general admission),20/34,Crude adj.(Pa7),1,not refined or manufactured,未提炼，粗糙,crude oilcrude ore,2 not having grace,taste or refinement,粗鄙/粗鲁,crude manner,3 not finished properly;badly worked out,粗制滥造，不完善,21/34,B,The _ parties were due,once again,to try to settle their differences.So a temporary ceasefire is ordered.A.aggressive B.belligerent C.combative D.contentious,Belligerent,:hostile and aggressive,好斗敌对;,warring countries or groups,交战国,Aggressive,:behaving in a forceful way because of an eager to succeed,咄咄逼人,Combative,:aggressive and eager to fight or argue,Contentious,:,a issue,causes a lot of disagreement or arguments;,22/34,World War I(1914-1918),Woodrow Wilson,23/34,Zimmerman Note Pa 8,A coded communique from the German foreign Secretary,Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico on Jan.19,1917,which is intercepted and decoded by British navy intelligence.,24/34,In that Pa.9 since,because,The increase of income tax is harmful,in that,it may discourage people from trying to earn more.,25/34,Take.into account/take account of.(Pa.9):note or consider;pay attention to,1,Youd better take all factors into account before making your decision.,2 When seeking a job,he is likely to take account of his parents opinion.,26/34,Stem from(Pa.9)arise from;develop as a result of sth.else(not in continuous aspect,不用进行时),1,His headaches stemmed from vision problems.,2 Much of the instability stems from the economic effects of the war.,27/34,Concern oneself with/in/about(Pa.9)be busy with,interest oneself in,1,He loves his wife,and concerns himself with her needs and desires.,2 As a fan of the football player Yao Ming,he concerns himself in every account of him.,To whom it may concern,Be concerned for/about sb./sth.:,worry,trouble,bother,So/As far as is/are concerned,28/34,Disproportionate adj.(Pa.10)out of proportion,relatively too large or small,etc.,1,School students tend to give disproportionate time to games.,2 The railway workers in New York were on strike because their pay is disproportionate to their work.,29/34,Be destined for sth./to do sth.(Pa.13)decoded in advance or by fate,1,He was a soliders son and was destined from birth for the army.,2 Deep in love as they were,they were destined never to meet again.,30/34,Summary,It should be noted that although this essay is about why historians differ in their opinions,actually the basic views can also be used to explain why people disagree generally,And to understand why people disagree is the first necessary step toward learning to deal with them,This is particularly important today because We are confronted with an information explosion and surrounded by people who are trying to influence our thinking for their own selfish reasons,This is a piece of expository writing.The language used is a little formal,，,with impersonal structures,，,long sentences and formal words,，,which are typical of academic writing,31/34,TEM 4 1998,It is now generally accepted that vehicles(cars,trucks,etc.)are a major source of air pollution in cities.You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.,Write on answer sheet a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:,ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM,32/34,Pro-British,Garrison,Artifact,Belligerent,Haberdasher,Foolproof,Interception,Diametrically,33/34,Cut-and-dried,Exhilarating,Disproportionate,Deem,Validity,Submarine,Premise,proximate,34/34,