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单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,生物科学史讲座,讲课教师：牛登科,N.Magner,A History of the Life Sciences,3 edition,CRC Press,.,经对比，此书原著写不太好。,洛伊斯,N.,玛格纳著,刘学礼等译，生命科学史，第,3,版，上海人民出版社，,年。经对比，此译著翻译得也不太好。与其它资料（如,Wiki,演化：跨越,40,亿年生命统计,中相关章节）比都差一些。,Jim Endersby,A Guinea Pigs History of Biology,Harvard University Press,.,Wikipedia,en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page,100 Greatest Discoveries.,以史为鉴，能够知兴替。,1.2.1.2,、中国当代：历史学属于上层建筑中意识形态部分，是为政权服务，被政治左右。,本质上，古今说法是类似。,7/17,1.2.1,、,为何要学习历史,1.,2.1.,3,、国外看法,-,American Historical Association,People live in the present.They plan for and worry about the future.History,however,is the study of the past.,In a society that quite correctly expects education to serve useful purposes,the functions of history can seem more difficult to define than those of engineering or medicine.,O,ne of the reasons history holds its place in current education is because earlier leaders believed that a knowledge of certain historical facts helped distinguish the educated from the uneducated.,I know Liu Xiang,so I have wide knowledge.,8/17,1.2.1,、,为何要学习历史,1.,2.1.,3,、国外看法,-,American Historical Association,History should be studiedbecause it is essential to individuals andto society,andbecause itharbors beauty.,History Helps Us Understand People and Societies,History Helps Us Understand Change and How the Society We Live in Came to Be,History Contributes to Moral Understanding,History Provides Identity,9/17,1.2.1,、,为何要学习历史,1.,2.1.,4,、我们为何要学习历史,为了治国安邦，成就伟业。,普通人，除了考试成绩外，还有什么理由？,普通人，假如能够主动改变历史，也就有责任去“以史为鉴，能够知兴替”。,什么情况下普通人能够主动改变历史，很快之后中国。,10/17,1.2,、为何要学习生物科学史,生物科学史，首先是生物学中王侯将相历史。,雄心壮志未泯，借鉴经验、汲取教训,作为教师，为国家发觉和培养未来伟大科学家。,哪些伟人？,达尔文、孟德尔、摩尔根。,11/17,1.2,、为何要学习生物科学史,生物科学史，更是生物学包含医学和农业发展历史。,面对一些生物学、医学、农业争议，生物学史能够为我们提供借鉴，帮我们分辨是非。,哪些问题？,我思索，大家一起思索。,抗生素、进化理论、化肥和转基因？中医需要发扬光大还是藏进历史博物馆？,12/17,1.2,、怎样学习生物科学史？,From“The History Guide:The proper Attitude”,Did the Civil War take place before,or after 1850?,To know the simple fact that the Civil War took place after 1850 is,to me,relatively unimportant.After all,anyone can learn to memorize,well,anything.Is this history?Whathaveyou learned?What I would like to suggest is that you learned a fact-you have obtained knowledge.But,far more important to me is wisdom.Does the knowledge that the Civil War took place after 1850 give you wisdom?does it make you wiser?Or,are facts and wisdom gained through knowledge two distinct entities?,You have to,open your eyes,open your mind,.Study history with a sense of wonder and enjoyment.,13/17,考试方式,平时成绩：点名+回答下列问题,期末成绩：从课上讨论过问题中,或者从生物学主要历史事件中,选择自己感兴趣问题深入调查研究，撰写论文。付出精力+认真程度决定分数。,14/17,期末作业提交注意事项,期末论文文件名要求用学号姓名命名，如,某某,199311033005a.doc、,某某,199311033005b.doc等。,提交到：,dkniu,，抄送：,dengkeniu,邮件主题（subject）一栏注明“某某生,物科学史,作业”,邮件正文中要求出现：课程名称、作业个数、作者姓名、学号等信息。,作业自己最少保留到网上查到成绩为止。,15/17,科研诚信从现在开始,以下行为类似于小孩小偷小摸。如不阻止，未来会犯大错：,用高年级同学作业来充数；,剽窃网上或其它起源文章。,因应方法，必须提交Word文档，不要pdf等其它格式文件，方便搜索比对。,16/17,本章参考文件,陈支平，,20,世纪中国历史学三大情结。厦门大学学报,(,哲学社会科学版,)(4):38-45.,baidu百科，上层建筑。,N.Stearns,Why Study History?1998,American Historical Association.,www.historians.org/pubs/free/WhyStudyHistory.htm.,Last Updated:July 11,.,Steven Kreis,The History Guide:A Students Guide to the Study of History.,www.historyguide.org/guide/guide.html,Last Revised-May 12,.,17/17,
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