2021年外研版初中英语各册知识点外研版.doc

初一上册各模块知识点及考试重点名词所所有格：表达有生命名词所有格其单数形式是加 s，students rooms，fathers shoes。(2). 如复数结尾不是s仍加 s，如：Childrens Day。(3). 在表达时间、距离、长度、重量、价格、世界、国家等名词所有格要用 s，例如：a twenty minutes walk，ten miles journey，a boats length，two pounds weight，ten dollars worth。(4). 无生命名词所有格则必要用of构造，例如：a map of China，the end of this term，the capital of our country，the color of the flowers。特殊状况：the key to the door/ the answer to the question the ticket for the concert(5). 双重所有格，例如：a friend of my fathers。【注意】如果两个名词并列，并且分别有 s，则表达“分别有”，例如：Johns and Marys rooms（约翰和玛丽各有一间，共两间）；Toms and Marys bikes（两人各自自行车）。两个名词并列，只有一种s，则表达“共有”，例如：John and Marys room（约翰和玛丽共有一间）；Tom and Marys mother（即Tom与Mary是兄妹）。名词复数不规则变化 单复数通同形：人们说汉语和日语，瑞士人喜欢绵羊、鹿和雨fish 、sheep、deer、people、Chinese、English 不规则变化：男女孩子脚，踩住老鼠牙 Women、men 、feet、mice、teeth1、would用法Would you like to do sth?你乐意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果批准，用YES，Id love to./all right /A good idea.如果回绝，也要客气回绝。would like sth想要某物 Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事 Would like to do 想去做一件事情Would you please do sth?祈求2、表达时间介词 At 后接时间点，周末at the weekend In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前 On 后普通跟详细某一天或某一天上午、下午或晚上3、look、see、watch、read Look集中注意力看，强调看动作，如跟宾语，要用at See 强调当作果，看见，看到 Watch 强调专注地看，有欣赏意味，惯用语看电视，看球赛 Read 阅读，看书1、would用法Would you like to do sth?你乐意干某事吗？提出建议邀请，如果批准，用YES，Id love to./all right /A good idea.如果回绝，也要客气回绝。would like sth想要某物 Would like sb to do sth想让某人做某事 Would like to do 想去做一件事情Would you please do sth?祈求2、表达时间介词 At 后接时间点，周末at the weekend In 用在年、月、季节或上午、下午、晚上等名词前 On 后普通跟详细某一天或某一天上午、下午或晚上 初一下册重点知识2、形容词和副词形容词比较级用法：1最明显提示词是than，其构造为“A+比较级+than+B”。2有表达限度副词a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修饰时，用形容词比较级。3表达两者之间进行选取“哪一种更”时，句型“Which/Who is+形容词比较级，A or B?” 4、表达“越来越”，即“比较级+and+比较级”，多音节词和某些双音节词时用“more and more+形容词原级”。5、表达“越就越”时，用“the+比较级，the+比较级”构造。形容词最高档用法：1表达三者或三者以上人或物进行比较时，用最高档形式。最高档前必要加定冠词the，句末常跟一种in/of短语来表达范畴。2表达在三者或三者以上人或物进行选取时，用“Which/Who is+the+最高档，A，B or C?”3、表达“最之一”时，用“one of the+形容词最高档”构造，4、形容词最高档前面可以加序数词，表达“第几最一、 词汇1、enjoyenjoy sth/doing 喜欢某物/做某件事情enjoy oneself= have a good time玩高兴派生词：enjoyable，令人高兴 enjoyment，乐趣2、dress,put on，wear,be in dress后常跟人作宾语，给穿衣服,get dressed或dress oneself put on意为穿上，强调穿动作，宾语普通是衣服、鞋帽 wear穿着，戴着，强调穿状态，宾语可以是衣帽也可以是饰品be in也表状态，背面要加颜色，表达穿着什么颜色衣服3、bring，take，carry 和get用法。bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book，please.take意思是“拿走”，“带走” It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”意思， 不表白来去方向。Do you always carry a handbag?Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.4、strict adj. be strict with sb.对某人规定严格 be strict in sb 对某事规定严格5、spend 人+spend+时间/金钱+ on sth/ (in) doing sth6、get ready forget ready for sth 为做准备（强调动作）get ready to do sth 准备去做（强调动作）be ready for sth 准备好 （强调状态）be ready to do sth 准备好去做（强调状态）get sth ready 把sth 准备好7、look forward to doing 8、be good/bad at do well/badly in9、hope 与wish区别：但愿去做 hope to do sth/wish to do sth但愿sb去做 wish sb to do hope与wish后都可以接that从句. 二、 金牌句型1、It is more difficult for old people to learn English.It is +adj.+(for sb)+to do sth.2、It is the best way to get to school.3、Whats the population of Shanghai? 在询问有多少人口用“Whats the population of”/ “How large is the population of” 表达“有多少人口”用“have/has a population of” 形容人口多少用large和small,而不用many,much和few,little4、关于how疑问句短语How long 多长时间或物体长度How soon 过多久，用于将来时间How often 频率How far 多远，指距离5、What be sb like? 询问某人什么样，可以是外貌或性格等；What do/does sb look like? 询问相貌。初二上册考试重点一、语法1、时态考察，对于各种时态重要看时间标志词，特别是：just now/just/now；ago/before；five years ago/since five years ago/for five years，时态考察以当前完毕时为重点，注意非延续性动词在当前完毕加时间状况下需要变为延续性状态词。have been to /have been in/ have gone to 2、反义疑问句祈使句 Let引导祈使句有两种状况： 1) Lets go home，shall we/ shant we?2)Let us/me.， will you或wont you。Let me have a try，will you/wont you?3）动词原形开头祈使句都用will you 或wont you当陈述某些含I think (believe，suppose.)that. 构造时，其反意疑问句须与从句主、谓语保持一致，注意主句主语必要是第一人称。例如： I dont think he will come，will he?若是非第一人称，则与主句主语相一致He thinks that she will come，doesnt he?当陈述某些为从句时，若主句主语为 I ，反意某些主语为从句主语;若不为 I ，反义某些主语为主句主语。I know your father is a worker，isnt he?she knows your father is a worker，doesnt she?当陈述某些具有如下这些具有否定意义词时：few，little，seldom，hardly，never，not，no，no one，nobody，nothing，none，neither等，其反意疑问句需用必定构造。例如： He is never late for school，is he?陈述某些是there be句型时，其反意疑问句中要用there。There was a hospital here，wasnt there?陈述某些主语是everything，nothing，anything或something 时，反意疑问句主语应用代词it。Something is wrong with my radio，isnt it?我收音机出毛病了，是吧？陈述某些主语是 everybody，everyone，anybody，anyone，somebody，someone，nobody，no one，none，neither 时，其反意疑问句主语需用复数代词they。例如： Everyone is here，arent they?人们都到了，是吗？ 3、to do 不定式1. 不定式作主语时，惯用it作形式主语，而将作主语不定式放在句子后部。 It is exciting to surf the Internet. Its . of sb. to do sth.与Its. for sb. to do sth. 形容词形容人时候用of,形容事情时候用forIts very kind / nice of you to help me。 Its hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中华人民共和国学生学俄语是很难。 2.动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。 注意：某些动词之后可以接to和doing作宾语时，如stop，forget，remember，try,need等I dont think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当。 I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与她相处不是件容易事。 4.作补语有些动词后跟不带to 不定式作宾语补足语。 感官动词 使役动词 help sb. do或help sb. to do当此类句子改为被动语态时，要补上to.He is often heard to sing this song.The workers were made to work 12 hours a day.在 think，find，consider，discover等动词后惯用to be +adj.构造作宾补，有时to be 可省略。We all think/ consider/ find/ discover him (to be) kind and honest. 动词不定式省略1）不定式在使役动词 let，have，make和感官动词 see，watch，notice ，observe，hear，smell，feel，find 等后作宾补时，省略to。help 可带to，也可不带to help sb (to) do sth。2) Why not 背面接不带to 不定式。惯用来表建议。Why not have a break?3）but和except：but/except前某些浮现实义动词do时，其背面浮现动词不定式可以不带to。比较：He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. Last night I did nothing but (to )watch TV. He does everything except (to) work. 4) 由and，or或than连接两个不定式，第二个不定式to 可以省去。例如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.5）普通在discover，imagine，suppose，think，understand等词后，可以省去to be：He is supposed (to be) an honest man. 4、情态动词must是重点1）表达义务。意为“必要”（主观意志）。否定形式是neednt,2）表达揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于必定句。否定形式是cant3）musnt自身表达“禁止”，“不容许”，“不能”二、重点词汇、句型1、What/how about doing ? Why not/why dont you do.? It is +adj.+for sb to do sth?此句型到第九模块会重点解说2、other 系列词anotheradj./pron泛指各种中另一种otheradj./pron,其她，别onethe other一种另一种（总共有两者）oneanother一种另一种（总数三者以上者）other+n.=others别的某些The other+n.=the others别的所有3、a little修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点修饰不可数名词，一点，某些 a bit 修饰动词、形容词和副词，有点,=a little加介词of后可修饰不可数名词a few修饰可数名词复数形式 4、 no one 和noneno one（=nobody）不加ofwho提问没有人单三动词none可加of how many提问没有人没有物单、复数动词5、bring，take，carry 和get用法。bring意思为“拿来”、“带来”。指将某物或某人从别处“带来”。Bring me the book，please.take意思是“拿走”，“带走”，把某物或某人从这里“带来”或“拿到”某处之意。It looks like rain. Take a raincoat with you.carry 是“带着、搬运、携带”意思，指随身携带，有背着、扛着、抱着、提着含义，不表白来去方向。Do you always carry a handbag?Get 是去某处将某物拿回来。Please go to my office to get some chalk.6、through/across/overthrough 穿越，指从空间内穿越 through the dooracross，横越穿过，从表面走过，或从一边到另一边,across the roadover翻越，跨越 7、provide /offer provide sth for sb / provide sb with sth offer sth to sb / offer sb sth（积极提供）8、happen / take place happen指事件偶尔发生，还可以表达“碰巧”之意,不用于被动语态 sth happen to sb sb happen to do sth. It happens that+句子take place多指按筹划或者安排而发生，不用于被动语态9、comparewith比较compareto. 比喻10、depend on sb 依赖depend on sth 依而定初二下册重点知识一、重点词汇1、makemake +宾语+动词原形 He made us stay with him.make +宾语+ 形容词 He tried to make his mother happymake +宾语+名词- He made me his friend.make +宾语+介词短语 He asked us to make ourselves at home.make +宾语+过去分词 What made him so frightened?2、seem Seem+形容词 English seems a little difficult. Seem to do He doesnt seem to have any friends. =It seems that he doesnt have any friends. It seems as if they were in a dream.3、suggest suggest+名词、代词 suggest doing建议做某事 suggest sb do 建议某人做某事4、refuse to do sth回绝做某事5、beat 打败，后接运动员、球队、对手 win 接比赛、战争，奖项6、avoid doing sth避免做某事7、depend depend on sb 依赖 depend on sth 依而定8、on ones own独自 of ones own 某人自己9、have problem with 在哪一方面有麻烦 have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing，其中trouble/difficulty是不可数名词，前面用no/much/some/little any修饰10、come up浮现，发生 1)发芽，In March，lots of plants begin to come up. 2)太阳升起 3）发生，浮现Ill let him know if anything comes up. 4）被提及A number of questions came up at the meeting.11、in order to、to+动词原形、so as to,sothat.so that，in order that in order to、to+动词原形、so as to引导目状语从句，有时为了表达强调，也可把in order to，to do放在句首，否定形式是in order not to,so as not to12、as well as并且，还，可与not onlybut also互换，但是as well as强调前面内容，not onlybut also强调背面内容1）连接两个并列成分He as well as his friends likes going shopping.2）as well as还可以表达“和同样好”，well是副词，用于修饰实义动词。3）as well 可单独做副词，表达“也”，位于句末。 13、such adj. 如此，这样so +adj.+a/an+单数名词such+a/an+adj.+单数名词such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so14、倒装句 So + be/助动词/情态动词+主语“某人或某物也同样” I will go there tomorrow. So will she.So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词 “确如此”It was very cold yesterday.昨天很冷。 So it was.确如此。 对于上述两种状况，当前一句与否定句时， so须改用neither或nor。15、besides，but，except和except for besides：除了.还涉及He has another car besides this. but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成复合词except：除了；例句：Except you，there is no one can help me. 除了你没人能帮我except for：在一类中除去另一类，Smith is a good man， except for his bad temper二、语法知识1、宾语从句 宾语从句语序宾语从句语序应为陈述句语序。例如：I hear (that) physics isnt easy.I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to zoo?Please tell me when well have the meeting.宾语从句时态主句宾语从句普通当前时一切时态普通过去时过去范畴某一时态（普通过去时；过去进行时；过去完毕时；过去将来时）如果主句时态是普通当前时，宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。I dont think (that) you are right.Please tell us where he is.Can you tell me how I can get to the railway station?如果主句时态是普通过去时，宾语从句只能用相应过去时态（普通过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完毕时）。例如：He asked what time it was.He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet.He asked if you had written to Peter.知识拓展：宾从主语与主句主语（或宾语）相似时，可把从句替代为“疑问词 + to do”.I havent decided where I will go =I havent decided where to go.He asked me what I bought = He asked me what to buy.2、状语从句 时间状语从句 1）由 when，as soon as ,before 等引导时间状语从句用普通当前时表达将来时间。2）带有till或until引导时间状语从句主从复合句里，如果主句用必定式，其含义是“始终到时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到才”，“在此前不”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：The young man read till the light went out. We wont start until Bob comes. 条件状语从句1）条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则，普通当前时表达将来时间。2）“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在乎思上相称于一种带有条件状语从句复合句。Hurry up，or youll be late. =If you dont hurry up，youll be late. 成果状语从句成果状语从句由sothat，suchthat，so that此知识点牵扯到重点词汇中 so +adj.+a/an+单数名词such+a/an+adj.+单数名词such +adj.+复数名词、不可数名词，当adj.是many/much/few/little时用so3、to do 和doing做宾语常考动词后加-ing.1.Enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事2.Like doing sth喜欢做某事3.Have fun doing sth玩得开心4.Practice doing sth练习做某事5.Spend doing sth耗费时间做某事（主语是人）6.Keep doing sth 保持始终做某事7. How about doing sth做某事怎么样（表建议）8. What about doing sth 做某事怎么样（表建议）9.Have a difficulty doing sth 做某事有困难10.Have a good time doing sth 玩得开心11.Feel like doing sth 想要做某事12.Cant help doing sth禁不住做某事13.start doing sth 开始做某事14.go on doing sth继续做某事15.mind doing sth 介意做某事16.finish doing sth 完毕做某事17.be busy doing sth忙于做某事18.see/hear sb doing 看到/听到某人正在做某事19. remember doing sth 记住曾做过某事20. forget doing sth 忘掉曾做过某事21. try doing sth 做某事试试看有何效果22. mean doing sth 意味着做某事23. cant help doing sth 禁不住做某事24. stop doing sth. 停止正在做事初三上册考试重点知识一、 语法知识1、时态名称时间状语用法普通当前时seldom,often,usuallyevery week,on Sundays,once a week经常性习惯性动作、客观真理、条件或时间状语从句中表达将来普通过去时ago,last week,just nowIn+过去时间，the day before过去某个事件发生动作或存在状态当前进行时now,at this time,these days,尚有其她构造：look，listen当前或现阶段进行动作或存在状态，状态动词不用于进行时过去进行时at this time yesterday,at that time,When和while引导状语从句过去某个时刻或某阶段正在发生动作普通将来时tomorrow,next week,soon,in+一段时间，how soon,from now on将来某时要发生动作打算要做某事Shall多于第一人称连用，普通疑问句中表达祈求、建议当前完毕时ever,just,recently,before,already,yet,since+时间点for+时间段，so far过去已经发生动作对当前影响；过去已经开始，持续到当前；终结性动词不能和表达一段时间状语连用被动语态特殊用法：1、不及物动词带介词和介词宾语,在变为被动语态时,依然要带上介词,如The teacher is listened to carefully by the students in class.The new students are looked after in the school.The things are take good care of .2、当动词带有符合宾语时,并且宾补是省去 “to”动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上 “to”, 一感，二听，三让，四看They make us do all the work. We are made to do all the work.We often hear her sing English songs. She is often heard to sing English songs.I see him walk to school. He is seen to walk to school.3、当动词带双宾语时,将其中一种宾语提前作被动语态主语,另一种不动；如果是将指物或指事宾语提前,则指人宾语前应加上 to、for如:I am given some nice presents.They give me some presents Some nice presents are given to me. The children are often told some stories (by him) He often tells the children some stories. Some stories are often told to the children (by him).动词后加to：give,show,send,bring,lend,promise等。动词后加for：pay,buy,sing,make,get等3、定语从句修饰人只用who状况：a. 先行词是one ，ones ，anyone ，those 时。b. there be句型中修饰名词时。c. 先行词后有一种较长定语。1)Anyone who hasnt handed in his home- work should stay after school. 2)There is a girl who wants to see you at the school gate. 3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday afternoon who wore a red shirt?修饰人或物只用that状况： (1) 先行词是all，few，little，nothing，everything，anything 等不定代词时。 All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被only，no，any，all,等词修饰时。He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高档或被形容词最高档修饰词。This is the best book (that) I have read this year.(5) 先行词既涉及人又涉及物时。例如：修饰物只用which状况： a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词宾语时 b. 先行词为that时1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived . 这就是鲁迅此前住过房子。 2)Whats that which you are holding in your arms?你抱着那个是什么？定语从句可简化为短语1定语从句