范梓洋彭海鑫英语教材.doc

彭海鑫 *教案

一、元音
[ i: ]
发音组合: e ee ea ie ei
代表单词: me he we even
bee feel breeze deep free
seat beat lead tea eat reason
grief believe achieve
receive conceive
[ i ]
发音组合: i
代表单词: sit bit kick pick wish
[ e ]
发音组合: e ea a
代表单词：pen ten best beg egg net
bread heaven
marry any many
[æ]
发音组合: a
代表单词: cap map bad mad bank thank lamp
[ə: ]
发音组合：or ir er ur ear
代表单词：work worker worm
bird dirt affirm
term
burn surf
pearl learn
[ə ]
发音组合：a er or
代表单词：appear arise again alike a man a pen
teacher mother brother driver anger
doctor actor tutor famous jealous
[a:]
发音组合：ar ear al
代表单词：far dark hart farm garden bar star
heart
half
[ʌ]
发音组合：u o
代表单词：up cut but bus luck butter monk onion
[u:]
发音组合：oo o ou u
代表单词：food fool boom cool hoop pool shoot
tomb
group
blue clue rule truth conclude

[u]
发音组合：oo u ou
代表单词：foot good cook hook took
pull full bull
should
[ɔ:]
发音组合：a oo aw ou ore au or ar
代表单词：talk ball hall call
door floor
law saw
bought fought thought tought
before ignore
caught naughty nautical
force born sort
warn
[ɔ]
发音组合：o
代表单词：on not cop rot hot lot
[ei]
发音组合：ei a ai ay
代表单词：eight
cake fate naked snake lake make name
paid main
day may
[ai]
发音组合：y i uy
代表单词：cry dry my
kite high bike tight fine time
buy guy
[ɔɪ]
发音组合：oy oi
代表单词：toy boy loyal noise voice point soil coin oil
[au]
发音组合：ou ow
代表单词：house sound out bow town now tower
[əu]
发音组合：o ow oa
代表单词：host nose hole note coke cope low boat coat
[iə]
发音组合：eer ear ere
代表单词：beer deer
hear near fear here
[ɛə]
发音组合：air ear are ere
代表单词：hair fair air chair bear swear dare there
[uə]
发音组合：oor ure our
代表单词：poor lure sure tour
二、辅音
[ p ]
发音组合：p
代表单词：pay pipe put pie peach
sport speed spend
[ b ]
发音组合：b
代表单词：bird bed bag big buy bake bill bear book
[ t ]
发音组合：t
代表单词：tea teacher team tare tank taught tip
it meet cat thought fate tent boat
student stand stick
[ d ]
发音组合：d
代表单词：do did does deer date dig doom need bed
[ k ]
发音组合：c k ck
代表单词：cake car can cat come kite sky keep pick back
[ g ]
发音组合：g
代表单词：geese go gap get big bag beg
[ f ]
发音组合：f ph
代表单词：five first life fine fat fail fair fall farm photo
[ v ]
发音组合：v
代表单词：vote vine vat vail very leave five
[θ]
发音组合：th
代表单词：think teeth thick theme thank both tooth truth fifth mouth
[ð]
发音组合：th
代表单词：this that these those then than though
[ʃ]
发音组合：sh s ss ch
代表单词：ship fish sheet sheep dish sure assure machine
[3]
发音组合：s
代表单词：pleasure usual leisure measure
[ s ]
发音组合：s c
代表单词：seem set seek say see books dense mouse cups
face ice race price
[ z ]
发音组合：z s
代表单词：zoo prize zeal raise knees eyes
[ h ]
发音组合：h wh 【注意】wh 在元音字母o前才发此音。
代表单词：hot home house horse hate high whole who whose
[ r ]
发音组合：r wr
代表单词：race red rice rain right road free fry pray wrong
[ t]
发音组合：ch
代表单词：cheap child chest choke check catch watch
[d]
发音组合：j g dg
代表单词：jeep joke jew juice gin change jodge judge
[ tr ]
发音组合：tr
代表单词：tree treat trip train tram
[ dr ]
发音组合: dr
代表单词: dream drag draw drink children
[ ts ]
发音组合：ts
代表单词：sits seats mates peasants parents
[ dz ]
发音组合：ds
代表单词：needs seeds spends
[ m ]
发音组合：m
代表单词：some come dime mother map moon
[ n ]
发音组合：n
代表单词：noon nose note not no nothing moon soon son gun
[ŋ]
发音组合：ng n
代表单词：sing song singer king thing ink sink thank tank
舌边音: [ l ]
发音组合: l
代表单词：清晰音[ l ] let lad late laid leap lap
代表单词：含糊音[ l ] deal tell belt sale table
[ w ]
发音组合：w wh
代表单词：wait west way wet will wide wheel what why when where while
[ j ]
发音组合：y
代表单词：year yes yet yard young you

元音字母a, e, i, o, u在重读音节中的一般读音规则
          a   e      i       o      u
重读开音节：[ ei ]  [ i: ]   [ ai ]   [ əu ]    [ju:]
重读闭音节：[ æ ]    [ e ]     [ i ]    [ ɔ ]   [ ʌ ]
重读开音节：一个辅音加e结尾的单词, 元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发长音
如: cake theme bike close consume
重读闭音节：元音字母a ,e ,i ,o ,u 经常发短音
如: have bed sit love bus

代 词
单数 复数
1
人称代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
2
物主代词
形容词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
3
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves

4、 指示代词 this、that、these、 those
其中this和that为单数，these和those为复数。指示代词在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。
比较和用法：
(1) this和these指近的事物；that和those指远的事物。
(2) 介绍放在一起的两样东西时，先介绍的用this,后介绍的用that.
(3) 电话用语：this指代自己，that指代对方。
向对方介绍自己时用This is …
询问对方是哪一位时，用who’s that?(你是谁？) Is that …?(是……吗？)
(4) that 和those常常用来代替提到过的名词，以避免重复。
The apples on the floor are bigger than those in the basket.
地板上的苹果比篮子里的更大。

5、 疑问代词 who（谁） whom （谁，是who的宾格）whose（谁的）
Which(哪一个，既可指人，也可指物) what（什么）

6、 不定代词 不指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫不定代词。
英语中的不定代词有：
some,any,no,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,many,much,few, little, a few, a little, a lot of, lots of, a great deal, a great many等。
复合不定代词：由every, some, any, no 与-one, -body, -thing构成的代词
指人 指人 指物
every- everyone everybody everything
some- someone somebody something
any- anyone anybody anything
no- no one nobody nothing
（其中-one和-body构成的不定代词可以互换使用，只是前者较文雅）

不定代词的用法和比较：
（1） some和any：
1.some-类复合不定代词主要用于肯定句中，any-类不定代词主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。
2. some用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定得答复或建议、请求等。
Would you like some bananas?
3.any 用于肯定句中有 “任何一个” 解。常用于比较级句子中。   
Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class.
（2） no one和none：
no one指代人，只能为可数，回答who
none 可指代人或物，可数、不可数皆可，回答how many/much, none 可与of结构连用。
None of them knows the answer to the question.没有一个人知道那个问题的答案。
（3） every和each
every 用于三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。
each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别。而且each所指对象再上下文中已十分明确。
另外，each和every均常修饰单数可数名词。
Every student wants to see that film.所有的学生都想去看那场电影。
Each child gets one apple.每个孩子都得到了一个苹果。
（4） both, either和neither
both两者都 谓语动词用复数
either两者中的任何一个 谓语动词用单数
neither两者都不 谓语动词用单数
Both of my parents know English.
Either of my parents knows English.
Neither of my parents knows English.
either用作副词，用于否定句中作“也”解释，通常置于末尾。相当于肯定句中的too
(5)one, another 和the other
1. one 常用来作代词，替代前文所出现的可数名词，表示人或物，以避免重复。例如： I haven't got a ball pen. I'll have to buy one. (= a ball pen) 
我没圆珠笔，我得去买一支。
2. the other, another 都可解释为 “另一个”。other 加上定冠词用于两者中的另一个，another 指三者以上中的另一个。例如：
He has two brothers. One is a doctor, the other is a teacher.
He has three brothers. One is a doctor, another is a teacher, and the third is a writer.
(5) little, a little 和few, a few
1. little 与 a little 两者都用来修饰不可数名词，little 作 “很少”，“几乎没有” 解，有否定的意思，a little 作 “少许”、“有一点” 解，有肯定的意思
2. few, a few 用来修饰可数名词，前者表示否定，后者表示肯定。
3.常用词组有 quite a few (好几个)，only a few (只有一个)，a very few (极少数)。例如：
He studied English for quite a few years. 他学汉语已有好几年了。

巩固练习
1
( ) 1 Though it rained heavily, ____ were still playing on the playground.
A. they B. them C. their D. themselves
( ) 2 Tom and ____ will go to see our teacher, for ___ is ill.
A. I; she. B. me; she C. I; her D. me; her
( ) 3 Is___a boy or girl?
A. she B. he C. one D. it
( ) 4 Only____know it.
A. I and he B. he and you C. he and I D. I and you
2
( ) 1 I saw___ playing in the street at that time.
A. them B. they C. their D. theirs
2 Jim will give____ a short talk tomorrow.
A. we B. us C. our D. ours
( ) 3 Please ask____ not to skate on the thin ice.
A. they B. them C. their D. theirs
( ) 4 The pen is hers. Pass it to____, please.
A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
( ) 5 Let me go and give the coat to____.
A. he B. his C. himself D. him
( ) 6 They asked___ to do the work.
A. you, he and I B. you, him and me C. I, you and he D. me, you and him
3
( ) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman.
A. She B. This C. It D. He
( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture?
A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I
( ) 3 -Look, who is coming?
-___ must be our English teacher.
A. She B. He C. It D. This
( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be?
A. one B. he C. she D. it
4
( ) 1 ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot.
A. That B. It C. This D. It's
( ) 2 What time is ____ now?
A it B. all C. this D: that
( ) 3 ___ a heavy rain last night.
A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is
( ) 4 ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There B. It C. This D. The place
5
( ) 1 The bird built___ nest in the tree.
A. it's B. her's C. hers D. its
( ) 2 Have you seen___pen, a black one?
A. these B. my C. you D. hers
3 Sorry I have forgot ____ telephone number.
A. yours B. him C. you D. his
6
( ) I The bear was shot in___ head. ? A. the B. its C. a D. this
( ) 2 The old man took the girl by ____ hand and they went down the street.
A. her B. a C. the D. that
( ) 3 He apologized to me for hitting me___ face.
A. on the B. at the C. in the D. in my
7
( ) T Our room is big, but____ is bigger than____.
A. their; our B. their; ours C. theirs; ours D. theirs; our
( ) 2 They aren't our books. Are they____?
A. your B. his C. her D. their
( ) 3 Our room is bigger than ___.
A. you B. your C. yours D. her
( ) 4 You have a good room, I should say. But it's not as big as___.
A. I B. my C. me D. mine
8
( ) 1 ____ is the best season of the year?
A. When B. What C. Which D. What time
( ) 2 o-____ is your sister?
-She is a nurse.
A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
( ) 3 -___ colour are your new shoes?
-They are brown.
A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What
( ) 4 -___ is your classmate John like?
-He's very tall.
A. How B. What C. Who D. Which
9
( ) 1 ____ has happened and ____ did it?
A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what
( ) 2 Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in.
A. in B. has C. have D. are
10
( ) 1 -_____ is that man over there?
-He's Mr Green.
A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
( ) 2 -___ is the boy standing there?
-He is my brother.
A. Which B. What C. How D. Who
( ) 3 Who ___ the little American boy over there?
A. were B. are C. is D.1 am
( )4 Who___these tall men?
A. is B. am C. are D. was
11
( ) 1 ____ one do you like, the blue one or the red one?
A. What B. Which C. That D. This
( ) 2 -___ is bigger?
-The yellow one.
A. who B. whom C. which D. It
( ) 3 ___ of you would like to go with us?
A. Who B. Which C. All D. Both
12
( ) 1 -_____ bag is this?
-It's Jack's, A. What B. Which C. Whose D. Who's
( ) 2 -___ pencils are these?
-They are theirs.
A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These
( ) 3 ___ house is being repaired?
A. hat B. Where C. Who D. Whose
13
( ) 1 Please find out ____ he is looking after at home.
A. who B. which C. whom D. when
( ) 2 ____ do you think you should help?
A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom
( ) 3 He told me ___ he was sent for.
A. whom B. that C. both D. where
14
( ) 1 We ____ at the party last Sunday.
A. enjoyed myself B. enjoyed ourselves
C. enjoy myself D. enjoyed ourself
( ) 2 "Make____at home." he said to his friends.
A. yourself B. yourselves C. you D. yours
( ) 3 Let Tony do it by____. He is no longer a kid
A. him B. his C. himself D. he
( ) 4 You are twelve now. ___ must look after___.
A. You; yourself B. Your; yourself C. You; your D. You're; yourself
5 She and her mother enjoyed ___ at the party.
A. her B. them C. herself D. themselves
15
( ) 1 He and she are exactly as tall as____.
A. themselves B. them C. their D. each other
( ) 2 People usually put small presents in ____ stocking on Christmas Eve.
A. each other B. each others C. each other's D. each others'
( ) 3 The students often help___.
A. one the other B. each the other C. one another D. two another

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