高考英语一轮复习语法知识梳理讲义-数词.docx

高考英语语法知识梳理”数词数词的分类一、基数词
一、基数词1.基数词的形式

(1)数词1一10
(2)数词11-20
(3)数词21—30
(4)整数数词10—90
(5)百，千，万

【提示】 单词拼写：4 four, 14 fourteen, 40 forty。
2 .基数词的表达21-99在十位数和个位数之间加连字符构成。
21 twenty-one, 36 thirty-six, 45 forty-five, 73 seventy-three, 88 eighty-eight, 99 ninety-nine101-999先说''几百〃，后接and,再加末尾两位数(或末位数)。
101 one hundred and one, 530 five hundred and thirty,1000以上的基数词先从右至左数，每三位数加一个逗号。
9, 800 nine thousand, eight hundred 60, 200, 000 sixty million, two hundred thousand (4) hundred, thousand, million, billion等词和具体数字连用时用单数形式。
1, 600 one thousand and six hundred 6, 100 six thousand and one hundred (5)数词的泛指tens of数十

tens of数十
hundreds of 数百 thousands of thousands of 成千成千的 millions of 数百万tens of hundreds of 数千

tens of hundreds of 数千
a few hundreds of 上百
hundreds of hundreds of 成百成百的

hundreds of hundreds of 成百成百的
thousands of 数千
tens of thousands of 数万

tens of thousands of 数万
several thousands of 上千
several thousands of birds 数千只鸟
many millions of citizens 数百万市民tens of thousands of people 成「上万的人
3 .基数词的用法
（1）基数词单数表示确指。
Two hundred of the students are needed to plant trees this morning.
今天上午需要200个学生去植树。
（2）基数词复数表示泛指。
Hundreds of people attended the famous director's farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。
Thousands of thousands of English words come from foreign tongues.
几百万英语单词来自外来语。
(3) 基数词复数表示年代。
in the twenties 在 20 年代
in the forties 在 40 年代
in the 1960s在20世纪60年代
代
in the 1980s在20世纪80年代
代
in the thirties 在 30 年代
in the fifties 在 50 年代
in the 1970s 在 20 世纪 70 年
in the 1990s 在 20 世纪 90 年
The family moved to France in the 1950s.这家人 20 世纪 50 年代搬到了
法国。
The war broke out in the nineties.这次战争爆发于 90 年代。
(1) 基数词复数表示大约年岁。
in one's teens在某人十儿岁时in one's twenties在某人二十儿岁时
in one's thirties在某人三十几岁时in one's eighties在某人八十几岁时He went to the United States in his forties.他四十多岁时去了美国。
Karl Marx began to learn the Russian language in his fifties.马克思五 十多岁开始学俄语。
4 .基数词固定短语a day or two/one or two days 一两天 at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 another two weeks/two other weeks/two more weeks 另夕卜两周 every two days/every second day/every other day 每隔一天
in one合为一体in twos两个两个地in twos and threes 三三两两one by one 一个个地
数词的分类二、序数词
二、序数词1.序数词的形式
(1) 1-1011-20
(2) 21-3010-90
(3) 百，千，万【提示】 单词拼写：九nine,第九ninth,九十ninety,第九十ninetieth。
2 .序数词表示顺序Their second son is a doctor.他们的二儿子是个医生。
The hundredth cave that George has discovered in his lifetime is near the Alps.
乔治一生中找到的第一百个山洞在阿尔卑斯山附近。
3 .序数词前的冠词表示顺序时，序数词前加定冠词。
It's the third time I've been here.这是我第三次来这儿。
The second is better than the first.第二个比第一个好。
(1) 表示''又一，再一〃时，序数词前加不定冠词。
Having failed twice, I desired a third try.尽管失败两次，我渴望再试一次。 He wanted to be a second Edison.他想成为第二个爱迪生。
【比较】I like the third girl.我喜欢第三个女孩。（表示顺序）
① I saw a third girl.我又看见了第三个女孩。（暗示原来己看见两个，这己是 第三个）4.序数词前的零冠词
（1）序数词用作副词时He came first.他先来。
III have to finish my homework first.我得先把作业做完。
（2）序数词前有物主代词或名词所有格时his second wife他的第二任妻子 Tom's third book汤姆的第三本书
5 .序数词固定短语
at first 开始
at first glance 乍看
at first sight 乍一看来
at second hand 第二手的
from first to last 从头至尾
in the first place 首先，第一点

his second wife他的第二任妻子 Tom's third book汤姆的第三本书
6 .序数词固定短语
at first 开始
at first glance 乍看
at first sight 乍一看来
at second hand 第二手的
from first to last 从头至尾
in the first place 首先，第一点
at first appearance 初看起来
at first hand 第一手的
at first thought 初一想
first of all 首先
on second thoughts 再三考虑后

数词的分类三、分数
三、分数1.分数的形式
（1）分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于一时分母用复数。
1/4 a/one fourth
2/3 two thirds
4/5 four fifths
1/6 a/one sixth
3/5 three fifths3/7 three sevenths
four and three fifths 2 two and three fourths
（2）特殊分数形式1/2 a/one half

1/2 a/one half
3/4 three quarters
3/5 three out of five
1/4 a/one quarter
1/5 one in five
2 .百分数和小数
(1) 百分数用percent或per cent表示，即''%〃。
The price has been reduced by 20 percent (or 20%) since May.
自五月以来价格降低了百分之二十。
The number of visiting patients is 30 percent (or 30%) less than the same time last year.
就诊的患者人数较去年同期下降了百分之三十。
(2) 小数用point表示6.54 six point five four
0.618 zero/o point six one eight762.376 seven hundred and sixty-two point three seven six
数词可以充当什么句子成分？ ？
_、数词作主语
一、作主语It's said that 13 is an unlucky number.据说 13 是一个不吉利的数字。
The first is better than this.第一个比这个好。
The second is yours.第二个是你的。
Two thirds of the apples were bad.三分之二的苹果是坏的。
【比较】Two thirds of workers have their own cars.
三分之二的工人都有自己的车。(workers决定谓语用复数)Over 70% of the water has been polluted here.
超过70%的水域己被污染。(water决定谓语动词用单数)二、数词作表语
二、作表语Her father is sixty-five.她父亲 65 岁。
He was the first to think of it.他是第一个想到这一点的人。
三、数词作宾语三、作宾语
I know three of them.®认识他们中的三个。（动词宾语）Among them I prefer the second.它们之中我更喜欢第二个。（动词宾语）
Please give me the third.请给我第三个。（直接宾语）He was among the first to arrive.他是最早来的人之一。（介词宾语）
四、数词作定语四、作定语
He has three English dictionaries.他有三本英语词典。
The rope is only 2.15 meters long.这根绳子只有 2.15 米长。
Sunday is the first day of the week,星期天是一周的第一天。
The second one is more expensive.第二个更贵。
【提示】序数词或被序数词修饰的名词后要用不定式作定语。
He is always the first to arrive.他总是第一个到。
She is the second person to be praised here.她是这里第二个受表扬的。
五、数词作同位语
五、作同位语You two come here.你俩过来。（two是you的同位语）
Is there enough food for us three?饭菜够我们仁吃吗？（three 是 us 的 同位语）Who is that man, the first in the front row?
前排第一个是谁? （the first in the front是that man的同位语）六、数词作状语
六、作状语Paper was first made in China.纸最早是由中国造的。
First, you must be brave enough.首先，你要够坚强。
We agree with you a hundred percent.我们百分之百同意你。