1、,高考命,题聚焦,菜 单,隐 藏,高考专题复习 英语,山东金太阳书业有限公司,核心考,点突破,专题提,升演练,专项五动词时态和语态,第1页,第1页,1(高考新课标全国卷)When Alice came to,she did not know how long she_there.,Ahad been lying Bhas been lying,Cwas lying Dhas lain,解析:当艾丽斯醒来时,她不知道自己在那儿躺了多久。依据时态一致原则,可排除B、D两项;由 she did not know how long.可知应用过去完毕进行时,表示连续发生动作。,答案:A,第2页,第2页,
2、2(大纲全国卷)If you dont like the drink you_,just leave it and try a different one.,Aordered Bare ordering,Cwill order Dhad ordered,解析:句意:假如你不喜欢你点饮料,就别喝了,再换一个。由情境可知饮料是刚刚点,故用普通过去时。,答案:A,第3页,第3页,3(高考山东卷)When I got on the bus,I_I had left my wallet at home.,Awas realizing Brealized,Chave realized Dwould rea
3、lize,解析:句意:当我坐上公共汽车时,我才意识到我把钱包忘在家里了。依据句意知when引导时间状语从句谓语动词表示动作和主句谓语动词表示动作同时发生,且从句用普通过去时。故B项正确。,答案:B,第4页,第4页,4(高考福建卷)Last month,the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they_from China.,Areceive Bare receiving,Chave received Dhad received,解析:句意:上个月,日本政府表示了他们对收到来自中国援助谢意。由语境可知,receive
4、这一动作发生在 expressed 动作之前,即“过去过去”,故 receive 要用过去完毕式,因此D项正确。,答案:D,第5页,第5页,5(高考浙江卷)The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant _ in his place but,luckily,everything was going on smoothly.,Agave Bgives,Cwas giving Dhad given,解析:依据后置语境everything was going on smoothly 可知,空格处描述是当初情景,因此要用
5、过去进行时态。句意:经理对于他助手代替他举办新闻公布会感到焦急,所幸是,一切进展顺利。,答案:C,第6页,第6页,时态,1,考察普通现在时和现在完毕时区别,普通现在时表示经常性、习惯性动作或永久性状态,而现在完毕时则强调过去发生动作对现在造成影响。,第7页,第7页,典例1(高考新课标全国卷)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year.,Amade Bis making,Cmakes Dhas made,解析句意:这样早就作计划是没故意义到了明年,有许多情况会发生改变。此处阐明现在事实,
6、故用普通现在时。部分考生由于受so far影响会误选D,其实这儿so far不是表示“到当前为止”那个短语so far,此处so是用来修饰短语far ahead,far ahead很早,so far ahead 如此早。B项is making 为现在进行时,不合题意,可排除;依据时态一致原则,A项made也可排除。,答案C,第8页,第8页,典例2(高考安徽卷)I didnt ask for the name list.Why_on my desk?,I put it there just now in case you needed it.,Adoes it land Bhas it land
7、ed,Cwill it land Dhad it landed,解析句意:“我没有要名单,它为何已经被放到了我桌子上?”“我刚刚放在那里,以防你会需要。”从对话中知道名单已经出现在桌子上了,因此需要用现在完毕时。A项是普通现在时;C项是普通未来时,表示还没有放上;D项是过去完毕时,在本句中没有出现一个过去时间状语作对比,也不正确;只有B项是现在完毕时,因此选B。,答案B,第9页,第9页,2考察be going to do和willdo构成未来时区别,前者强调按计划或安排而发生事情;后者不强调行为计划性,多指暂时决定或安排。,典例3,Did you tell Julia about the re
8、sult?,Oh,no.I forgot.I_her now.,Awill be calling Bwill call,Cam going to call Dam to call,解析,分析四个选项可知,只有B项可表示暂时作出决定或产生想法。A项表示未来某一时刻正在发生事;C项可表示预先安排好要发生事情;D项表示早就有打算。,答案,B,第10页,第10页,3考察过去时和现在完毕时区别,现在完毕时表示过去发生动作对现在造成影响;而过去时仅阐明过去发生动作,与现在毫无关系。,典例4,The book has been translated into thirty languages since i
9、t _on the market in 1973.,Ahad come Bhas come,Ccame Dcomes,解析,since引导从句作状语时,主句通惯用完毕时,而从句通惯用普通过去时,因此选C项。,答案,C,第11页,第11页,4考察普通过去时和过去完毕时区别,过去时往往有明确过去时间状语,阐明是发生在过去动作;而过去完毕时表示过去某个时间或动作之前已经发生或完毕动作或存在状态,强调,“,过去过去,”,,句中常有by,before,when,until等词引导时间状语。,第12页,第12页,典例5(高考四川卷)What a mistake!,Yes.I_his doing it an
10、other way,but without success.,Awas suggesting Bwill suggest,Cwould suggest Dhad suggested,解析句意:“竟犯了这样错误!”“是啊。我曾提议他用另外一个办法做,但没有成功。”was suggesting是过去进行时;will suggest 是普通未来时;would suggest 是过去未来时;had suggested是过去完毕时。依据语境可知suggest动作应发生在犯错误之前,即“过去过去”,应使用过去完毕时。,答案D,第13页,第13页,一些动词过去完毕时,“,尤其,”,之意,intend,mea
11、n,hope,want,plan,suppose,expect,think等动词过去完毕时可用来表示过去未曾实现设想、意图或希望等,含有某种惋惜之情。如:I had intended to call on you yesterday,but I had an unexpected visitor.我本来打算昨天去看你,但我有了一个不速之客。,5,考察现在完毕时和现在完毕进行时区别,现在完毕进行时强调是在一段时期内某项活动连续性,强调是动作本身;现在完毕时则是强调动作产生结果或影响,而不是动作本身。,第14页,第14页,典例6(高考辽宁卷)Ill go to the library as soo
12、n as I finish what I_.,Awas doing Bam doing,Chave done Dhad been doing,解析句意:我一完毕我正在做事情,就去图书馆。本题语境为现在时态,因此依据句意应用现在进行时态,表示现在正在做事情。A项过去进行时;C项现在完毕时;D项过去完毕进行时,均不合题意。,答案B,第15页,第15页,6考察普通过去时和过去进行时区别,普通过去时仅阐明动作发生在过去,不强调动作延续性;而过去进行时则强调在过去某一时间正在进行或连续进行动作。,典例,7,I walked slowly through the market,where people _
13、all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.,Asell Bwere selling,Chas sold Dhave sold,解析,依据,“,I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.,”,提醒能够判断出此处表示,“,人们当初正在发售各种水果和蔬菜,”,,即表示过去某个时候正在发生动作,故选B项。,答案,B,第16页,第16页,7现在进行时表未来,现在进行时除表示现在外,还能够表示未来。
14、现在进行时表未来时常有,“,安排,”,或,“,打算,”,之意,所用动词多是非延续性动词,如marry,die,leave,join等。,典例,8,An airbus has begun taking orders from Chinese customers on the mainland and _more this year.,Ais expecting Bexpected,Cwill expect Dis expected,解析,依据语境及时间状语,“,this year,”,可知,此处应用普通未来时,但expect一词习惯上用进行时表示未来。,答案,A,第17页,第17页,8未来进行时
15、态,表示未来某一时刻或某段时间正在发生动作,常与this time tomorrow,at 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon等时间状语连用。,典例9,Guess what,weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.,How nice!You _a different culture then.,Awill be experiencing,Bhave experienced,Chave been experiencing,Dwill have experienced,解析,依据语境可知此处表
16、示未来一段时间内动作,不侧重完毕,因此要用未来进行时。,答案,A,第18页,第18页,动词被动语态,被动语态是中学阶段重点语法项目之一,也是高考常考内容。高考对被动语态考察往往跟对时态考察融合在一起,并且语境化特点非常突出。,语态用以表示主语和谓语之间关系。英语语态分为积极语态和被动语态。积极语态表示主语是动作执行者;被动语态表示主语是动作承受者。只有及物动词或含及物意义短语动词才干用于被动语态。被动语态常由助动词be加及物动词过去分词构成。,第19页,第19页,1三种形式被动语态(以动词give为例),普通现在时态am,/is/,are given,普通过去时态was/were given,
17、普通未来时态shall/will be given,普通过去未来时态should/would be given,现在进行时态am,/is/,are being given,过去进行时态was/were being given,现在完毕时态has/have been given,过去完毕时态had been given,未来完毕时态shall/will have been given,过去未来完毕时态should/would have been given,第20页,第20页,典例1(高考湖南卷)In the near future,more advances in the robot tech
18、nology_by scientists.,Aare making Bare made,Cwill make Dwill be made,解析句意:在不久未来,科学家们将会在机器人技术上取得更大进步。由句中时间状语“in the near future”可知应用普通未来时;make advances取得进步,more advances作主语,故用被动语态。,答案D,第21页,第21页,2特殊结构被动形式,(1)双宾动词被动结构,双宾动词变为被动结构时,普通将积极结构中间接宾语变为被动结构中主语,直接宾语不变。这一保留不变宾语叫做保留宾语。如将积极结构中直接宾语变为被动结构中主语,间接宾语之前则
19、应加介词to(可省去)或for(普通不可省)。如:,第22页,第22页,典例,2,She was _the bike for 20 dollars,but she wouldnt take it.,Aprovided Bsupplied,Coffered Dgave,解析,offer作,“,出价,开价,”,讲,常有offer(sb.)money for sth.和offer(sb.)sth.for money两种搭配。此处是将后者用于被动语态中了。,答案,C,第23页,第23页,(2)带复合宾语动词被动结构,带复合宾语动词变被动时,普通将积极结构中宾语变为被动结构中主语,宾语补足语不变。,典例
20、,3,The missing boys were last seen _near the river.,Ato sing Bsinging,Cto be singing Dsing,解析,由语境可看出此处表示是当初情景,故要用现在分词作主语补足语。,答案,B,第24页,第24页,(3),“,be过去分词不定式,”,被动结构,She is said to know three languages.,听说她懂三种语言。,(4),“,itbe过去分词从句,”,被动结构,Its said that she has some supernatural powers.,听说她有一些特异功效。,Its re
21、ported that they have discovered a new star.,据报道他们发觉了一颗新星。,常见结构尚有:,It is known that.众所周知,It is suggested that.有些人提议,It is believed that.据信,第25页,第25页,(5)getdone构成被动语态,此种形式用来表示状态或情况,常考形式下列:,get married结婚;get engaged订婚;get hurt,/wounded受伤;get lost,迷路;,get drunk,喝醉了;,get caught/,stuck/trapped被困;get dres
22、sed穿好衣服;get run over被(车)轧,典例,4,Before she realized what happened,she got _ on the head and lost consciousness.,Ahit Bto be hit,Chitting Dhitted,解析,get hit表示,“,被打,”,,做题时考生应注意hit原形、过去式、过去分词形式是同样,此处是其过去分词形式。,答案,A,第26页,第26页,3时态和语态综合考察,在高考单项填空中单纯考察时态题很常见,单纯考察语态题却并不多,往往是把时态和语态结合起来考察,以增长试题难度和综合性。此时考生应首先依据语
23、境拟定期态,然后再依据名词与动词逻辑关系来鉴定该用积极语态还是被动语态。,典例5,Youve failed to do what you _to and Im afraid the teacher will blame you.,Awill expect Bwill be expected,Cexpected Dwere expected,解析,句子主语与expect之间存在动宾关系,故首先排除A、C。再依据句中Youve failed可知此处应用过去时,答案为D。,答案,D,第27页,第27页,4主从句谓语动词时态一致性,主从句时态要相应,即要保持时态一致性。这使考生在做题中既能够依据主句时
24、态来拟定从句时态,也能够依据从句时态来拟定主句时态。,典例6,The church tower which _will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.,Ahas restored Bhas been restored,Cis restoring Dis being restored,解析,依据最后一句可知工程尚未完毕,因此此处强调正在修复中,且要用被动语态。故选D。,答案,D,第28页,第28页,1能够用下列办法拟定期态语态:,(1)依据句子时间状语来拟定期态。,(2)依据语境,即上下文拟定期态。,(3)依据主句和从句
25、关系来拟定期态。,(4)依据习惯使用办法拟定期态。在按语法规则拟定正确时态同时,我们还必须注意时态一些特殊使用办法和习惯使用办法。,(5)注意积极和被动关系。分析主语和谓语动词之间关系,拟定动词语态。假如主语是谓语动作执行者,则用积极语态。反之,假如主语是谓语动作承受者,则用被动语态。注意,不及物动词和一些短语动词没有被动语态。,第29页,第29页,在主从复合句中,主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词时态是相呼应。如:在含有宾语从句主从复合句中,若主句是普通过去时,则从句要使用过去某种时态。,第30页,第30页,2固定句型中固定期态,在一些固定句型里往往有固定期态要求,请体会下列句子中时态利用:,(1)
26、This,/It is the first/,second.time I have done sth.,That,/It was the first/,second.time I had done sth.,(2)It is two years since he went abroad./It was two years since he had gone abroad.,(3)I was about to go out when the telephone rang.,(4)Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang.,(5)No sooner had I got home than the telephone rang.,(6)It wont be long before he comes back./It wasnt long before he came back.,(7)I didnt manage to understand it until he had explained it again.,(8)祈使句and(or,or else,otherwise)并列分句,第31页,第31页,第32页,第32页,本小节结束,请按ESC键返回,第33页,第33页,