高考英语-考前冲刺语法资料不定式小结.doc

2012届高考英语考前冲刺精选语法资料不定式小结
动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。
动词不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1．动词不定式的形式变化
动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
2.动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
(1)作主语：To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.)
(2)作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day.动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be ＋动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants' children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up...为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是由主语plan产生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants' children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的)。
(3)作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
(4)作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street.如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
(5)动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don't think it right to do it that way.
(6)作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him？作定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on.如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
(7)作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：
①目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English.为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或为了)，但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English.将表示目的的不定式置于句首，可起强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it.
②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到了亲眼见到他们家乡的解放。
③too ＋形容词或副词 ＋动词不定式，表示“足能……”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3．复合结构不定式
由for ＋名词(或代词宾格)＋动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest.当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.
4．疑问词 ＋动词不定式
疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
5．动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定式是由not ＋动词不定式构成，如：It's wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6．动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系
①一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.(其后)，They often watch us play table tennis.(同时)；②完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting；③进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7．动词不定式的被动语态用法
如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn't been decided yet.
真题变式
语法专练
1．(2012年成都模拟)The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him________.
A. not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not do
解析：根据句型 tell sb.(not) to do sth.，排除 C和 D；当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时，为避免重复，通常省略 to后的内容，只保留 to，所以只有 A对。
答案：A
2．(2012年潍坊模拟)Paul doesn't have to be made________. He always works hard.
A. learn B. to learn
C. learned D. learning
解析：make sb. do sth.的被动式为 sb.be made to do sth.(某人被迫做某事)。
答案：B
3. (2012年运城模拟)The Olympic Games, ______in 776 B．C., did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
解析：因The Olympic Games与 play是被动关系，排除A和D；不定式的被动式，表示未来的动作，因此排除B。表示“被动、完成”，用过去分词。
答案：C
4. (2012年银川模拟)I would love________to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
解析：would love / like后面只能接不定式，排除 C和 D。表示过去未曾实现的愿望，后接不定式完成式，故选 B。
答案：B
5. (2012年汕头模拟)When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door________“Sorry to miss you; will call later.”
A. read B. reads
C. to read D. reading
解析：句中 read意为“有某字样”，a message pinned to the door意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”，a message与 read是主动关系，因此用现在分词。
答案：D
6. (2012年济南模拟)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier，________it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
解析：考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。not to make it more difficult是与 to make it easier形成对比的否定结构，两者在句中作表语。
答案：B
7．(2012年利津模拟)Robert is said________abroad, but I don't know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
解析：由 studied可知，他曾到国外留过学，“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作(is said)之前，所以要用完成式。
答案：A
8. (2012年厦门模拟)The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see________the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
解析：此句结构复杂，句中的 that引导一个定语从句，它代表 the plan并在从句中作 see的宾语，the plan与 carry out是被动关系，因此，用过去分词作宾补。即see the plan carried out the next year.
答案：A
9. (2012年济南模拟)Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains________whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
解析：remain作“尚需”解，要接不定式作表语，see与 it(形式主语，指whether they will enjoy it)是动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式。
答案：B
10. (2012年淄博模拟)The research is so designed that once________nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
解析：“连词＋分词”作状语，依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定，主动关系用现在分词，被动关系用过去分词。the research与 begin是被动关系，用过去分词 begun。
答案：D
11. (2012年济宁模拟)A cook will be immediately fired if he is found________in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
解析：find后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语，但不接不定式。he与 smoke是主动关系，用­ing形式作补语，故选 B。
答案：B
12．(2012年淄博模拟)She looks forward every spring to________the flower­lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
解析：look forward to中 to是介词，后接动词要用动名词。若选 B，应在其后加 to才行。
答案：D
13．(2012年兰州模拟)When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person________.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
解析：不定式作定语，the person是 send it的对象，可理解为 to send it to the person。
答案：C
14. (2012年成都模拟)The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
解析：因为 remain是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，所以要用 remaining(剩下的)作定语，修饰 20 dollars。
答案：D
15. (2012年淄博模拟)There are five pairs ________， but I'm at a loss which to choose.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
解析：句意是“有五双可供选择，我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”，而不是选择五双。
答案：B
16．(2012年龙口模拟)________in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
解析：Harvard(哈佛大学)与 found(建立)是被动关系，且早在1636年已建立，故用过去分词。
答案：C
17．(2012年即墨模拟)Fishing is his favorite hobby, and________.
A. he'd like to collect coins as well
B. he feels like collecting coins, too
C. to collect coins is also his hobby
D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure
解析：考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性。因 and连接两个并列的简单句，前一分句用­ing形式作主语，后一分句也应用­ing形式作主语。
答案：D
18. (2012年诸城模拟)In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state­run companies are striving________their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making
C. to have made D. having made
解析：不定式作目的状语。“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”。
答案：A
19. (2012年济南模拟)Though________money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
解析：“连词＋分词”作状语。his parents与 lack money(缺钱)是主动关系，又因为 lack是及物动词，不用介词，故选C。
答案：C
20. (2012年海淀模拟)There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars__________road conditions need________.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
解析：that引导的从句与 problem是同位语。need, want, require等表示“(某物)需要做某事”时，后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以。
答案：A
21．(2012年廊坊模拟)________the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
解析：given作介词，意为“鉴于、考虑到”，可接名词或 that从句。
答案：A
22. (2012年海口模拟)Sandy could do nothing but________to his teacher that he was wrong.
A. admit B. admitted
C. admitting D. to admit
解析：介词后接动词一般要用动名词，但 but / except等介词后却可以接不定式，前面有行为动词 do时不带 to，无 do时要带 to。
答案：A
23. (2012年芜湖模拟)Mr.Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to________some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
解析：devote(把……贡献给……；致力于……)中 to是介词，应接­ing形式；all是 devote的宾语，he had是省略了关系代词 that的定语从句，修饰 all。注意，千万不要以为 had to是“不得不”，后接动词原形，而去选 A，那就中了命题人的圈套了。
答案：B
24．(2012年黄山模拟)________late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep B. Sleeping
C. Sleep D. Having
解析：不定式作目的状语。句意为：为了下午多睡一会，Bob关掉了闹钟。
答案：A
25. (2012年枣庄模拟)With a lot of difficult problems________， the newly­elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting
C. to settle D. being settled
解析：“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”，表示“有……要……”用不定式作定语。
答案：C

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