小学英语专题：可数名词和不可数名词用法讲解及练习题.docx

可数名词和不可数名词英语中的名词指的是一种抽象的或者具体的事物，它有可数和不可数之分。所谓可数名词指的就是在数量上可以计数，可以数出数量的事物；所谓不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西。可数名词在他之前可以加上冠词a/an。而不可数名词前面是不可以直接家冠词的。可数名词变为复数形式有如下变化规律：a一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读s，浊辅音和元音后读z。b以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ；读音：iz。c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries ；读音：z。d以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves；读音：z。e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 读音：z 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的+s 读音：z 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, mouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people。除此之外，还有一部分名词单复数同形，如：fish鱼，deer鹿，sheep绵羊，works（工厂），means手段，Swiss瑞士人，Chinese中国人，news 新闻，goods 商品有一些名词则只有复数形式：trousers裤子，pants裤子，shorts短裤 glasses眼镜，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子“某国人”的复数有三种类型：（1）Chinese, Japanese, Swiss 三国人单数复数同形，不需加s；（2）Englishman, Frenchman, Dutchman复数要把 man 变为men；（3）其他各国人以an, -ian收尾的均直接加s。如：Americans, Australians, Indians等。可依照这个口诀记忆：中日不变，英法变，其他”s”加后面。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an ，若要表示它的个体意义时，一般需要将其量化。不可数名词如何量化：就是在不可数名词前面加上“数词+量词+of”，比如：a piece of bread（ paper(纸), cloth(布), coal(煤), news(新闻), advice(意见), information(信息), , meat(肉) ）an item of information 一则情报 a slip of paper 一张纸条a length of cloth 一段布料 a cake of soap 一块肥皂a tube of tooth-paste 一条牙膏 a bottle of ink 一瓶墨水 等。当量词可数，且前面的数词大于一时，量词需要用复数形式，如two bottles of water 两瓶水 two pieces of paper 两张纸 等；同时，可数名词也有相应用法，如：a box of apples 一箱苹果 six boxes of apples 六箱苹果 等。最常见的不可数名词有：advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture（家具）, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage（行李）, money, news, progress, traffic其它不可数名词还有：absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience, failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, world等。上面提到的可数名词和不可数名词并不是一成不变的。英文中的很多词都是一词多义，名词也不例外，同是一个词在一种情况下是可数名词，而在另一种场合却是不可数名词如：可数名词: a tin 一只罐头 a relation 亲属 an iron 一把熨斗 a democracy民主国家 a glass 一只玻璃杯 a beauty美人，美的东西 A wood 一片树林 a power不可数名词: tin 锡 relation 关系 Iron 铁 democracy民主 glass 玻璃 beauty 美 Wood 木头 power威力，电力。我们讨论名词的落脚点在,当名词充当主语时,谓语动词在人称、数等方面必须与其保持一致-即主谓一致性的问题。可数名词不可数名词练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式1、orange 2、class 3、text 4、monkey 5、piano 6、child 7、shelf 8、bed 9、country 10、family 11、toy 12、foot 13、Japanese 14、radio 15、photo 16、army 17、tomato 18、fox 19、woman 20、knife 22、sheep 二、选择填空1、There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photosC. is a photo D. is photos2. This car made in Shanghai.A. is B .are C .were D .has3. There are four and two in the group.A. Japanese, Germen B Japaneses, GermenC. Japanese,German D.Japanese, Germans4. Thats art book.A. an B. a C. the D are5. The boys have got already.A. two bread B. two breadsC. two pieces of bread D. two piece of bread6. The old man wants .A. six boxes of apples B. six boxes of appleC. six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7. There some in the river.A. is, fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are, fish8. There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9. We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C. teeth D. our teeth10.The _ meeting room is near the reading room.A. teacher B.teachers C.teachers D.teachers11. In Britain _ are all painted red.A. letter boxes B.letters boxesC. letter box D.letters box12. There are_ birds in that big tree. A. hundreds of B. five hundreds of C. five hundred of D. hundred of