时间状语从句.doc

时间状语从句时间状语从句讲练一概述概念:在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的表示时间的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。（在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致.）一般来说，时间状语从句常由连词when， before, after， as soon as或until等引导。在使用时，从句一般不用一般将来时态。若主句为一般将来时态或是含有将来的意味时，时间状语从句常用一般现在时态来代替将来，即“主将从现”。如：I will go to the cinema as soon as I finish my homework. 我一完成作业就去电影院.When I grow up， I will join the army。 当我毕业了，我就要去参军。二常用连接词举例1。 when连接的时间状语从句when相当于汉语的“当时候”。如：When the weather is fine， many families go out for a walk.天气好时，很多家庭都出去散步。When I got home， I found mother cooking for me。我到家时，发现妈妈在为我做饭。I always go to see the doctor when I do not feel well。我感到不舒服时总要去看医生。Please let me know when you have trouble。有因难时请告诉我。2。 before/after连接的时间状语从句before表示“在之前”，after表示“在这后”.如：He telephoned that he couldnt come before the concert began.他打电话来说音乐会开始前来不了了.Mother always prepares supper before I come back from school。妈妈总是在我放学回家前把晚饭准备好。I will go out to play basketball with you after I finish my homework。我做完功课后就和你一起出去打篮球.3. as soon as连接的时间状语从句as soon as表示“一就”，强调动作紧密相连。如：We start to sing as soon as it is 12oclock。 一到点，大家就开始唱起来.We began t work as soon as we got there.我们一到那儿，就马上开始工作。4。 until连接的时间状语从句until表示一个动作一直持续到某一时刻，即“直到”。如：He waited until all the people left.他一直等到所有的人都走了。I didnt go to bed until Mum came back.直到妈妈回家后我才上床睡觉。5。 while连接的时间状语从句while连接时间状语时，表示主句的行为在从句行为过程之中发生。由于while从句表示一个持续的行为，所以从句中要用持续性动词或状态动词，并且持续性动词常用进行时态。如:while they are waiting for the New Year， they listen to music, sing songs and have fun。在等待新年到来的一段时间里,他们听音乐、唱歌、娱乐。（听音乐行为是在等待过程之中进行的）Do not make any noise while I am recording。我录音时不要吵闹。（在我录音的过程中你不要吵闹）People wave flags while the parade went down the street.游行队伍经过街道时人们挥舞旗帜。（人们挥舞旗帜的行为是在游行队伍从街道经过的过程中进行的)三几组引导词的辨析1。 till， until和notuntil（1） until/till引导时间状语从句用于肯定句时,主句的动词是延续性动词，表示动作或状态一直持续到until/till所表示的时间,意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如：We waited until he came。 直到他来，我才买了这本书。（2) 用于否定句时,主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如：I didnt buy this book until he came。 直到他回来我才买了这本书。(3) till不可以置于句首，而until可以.如：Until you told me I had no idea of it. 知道你告诉我我才知道这件事。(4） notuntil句型中的倒装和强调说法：Not until he came did I buy this book. 直到他回来我才买了这本书It was not until he came that I bought this book。 直到他回来我才买了这本书2。 when,while和as（1) when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”.例如:When she came in， I stopped eating。她进来时,我停止吃饭.(瞬时动词）When I lived in the countryside， I used to carry some water for him。当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词）We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了.（2） while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应).并且while有时还可以表示对比.例如：While my wife was reading the newspaper， I was watching TV。 (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生）I like playing football while you like playing basketball。 我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。(对比)（3） As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后.例如：We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”）As we was going out， it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了.（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间）3。 before和after由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反.例如：It will be four days before they come back。 他们要过四天才能回来。Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me. 爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived. 我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了.They had not been married four months before they were divorced。 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。After you think it over， please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home。完成工作之后，我们回家了.(从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时)4。 till和until由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同.till不可以用在句首,而until可以放在句首。例如:I didnt go to bed until(till） my father came back. 直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English。直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。I didnt work until he came back。 他回来我这才开始工作。Please wait until I arrived. 在我到达之前请等我。四扩展： 1. 一些词，如the moment， the minute, the instant, 等也可引导一个时 间状语从句，相当于as soon as的意思。 He jumped off the couch the moment the telephone rang. 电话一响，他就从沙发上跳起来了.2. immediately， directly， instantly, 也可引导时间状语 They phoned me immediately they reached home. 我们刚到家电话就响了。3。 hardlywhen, scarcelywhen, no soonerthan 引导时间状语,相当于as soon as 的意思。 如果hardly或no sooner或scarcely置于句首,句子必 须用部分倒装结构。主句使用过去完成时， 从句使用一般过去时。 Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 我一到家就下雨了.4一些含有time的名词短语,如every time， each time, next time， the first time等，以及the day， the year， the morning等，也可引导一个时间状语从句。 The day he returned home， his father was already dead。 他到家那天,父亲已经去世了。 Next time you come, please bring your composition. 你下次来的时候，请把你的作文带来。初二英语时间状语从句讲解与练习when， while 和 as 引导时间状语从句的用法这三个词的意思很简单，都有“当时候的意思。但学生经常会问三个词的区别在哪儿，特别是在做选择题的时候。别说是学生，就我个人而言，做这样的选择题要保证百分之百的正确也是不可能的.现根据大量的实例和个人的思考，做一点小结，供大家参考。一、when 的用法如果只从现象来看，when 从句用的最多的是一般过去时，而主句的时态没有限制,根据具体情况而定.1。 When he was a child he was always trying out new ideas。 他小时候就常常试验一些新的设想。 2。 When she came into my room, I was just reading a book。 她走进我房间时，我正在看书。3. Were you writing when the teacher came in? 老师进来的时候，你在写信吗?4. Sorry， I was out when you called me。 对不起，你打电话来的时候我出去了。5。 He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走，这时有人敲门。 6. I thought of it just when you opened your mouth。 就在你要说话的时候，我也想到了。7。 I had hardlyscarcely closed my eyes when someone knocked at the door。 我刚一闭上眼，就有人在敲门了. 根据以上的例句，我们可以总结出一点：when 从句的A事件,相当于另一个事件B发生的时间点。也就是说，when 从句的重点不在动作本身发生的状态,而只是把它作为一个时间点，所以when 多数情况下用的是一般过去时，则不用正在进行时.因为如果用正在进行时,它表示的就是一段时间而不是一个时间点了。根据这一点，有的文章补充说：when 从句的动词大多是瞬时动词。这种说法也可以参照。实际上，when 从句也可以有其它的时态，但几乎也不用进行时,因为它也只是作为一个时间参照点。例如：1。 When I got to the airport， the guests had left。 当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。2。 When he had finished his homework, he took a short rest。 当他完成作业后,他休息了一会儿. 3. Why do you want a new job when you have got such a good one already? 你已经找到如此好的工作，为何还想再找新的？4. You shall borrow the book when I have finished reading it. 在我读完这本书后,你可以借阅. 5. When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him about this。 下周，经理来这参观时，我会和他谈谈此事. 二、while 的用法相比于when 来说,while 从句的侧重点就不一样了。while 从句的侧重点在于描述动作正在发生的状态，它的意思是：当while 事件正在发生的时候，另一件事如何如何.所以，while 从句一般用的是正在进行时。而另一件事的状态没有硬性的要求,根据具体情况而定。例如:1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 当妻子正在看报纸的时候，我正在看电视。2. While Jim was mending his bike， Lin Tao came to see him。 正当吉姆修自行车时，林涛来看他。3. While they were talking， the bell rang. 正在他们谈话的时候，上课铃响了。4。 You cant do your homework while youre watching TV. 你不能一边看电视一边做家庭作业。 5。 While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home。 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时，我正在制定一个回家的计划。 从时间的角度来看，while 表示的是一段时间，是一个过程.这是while 的侧重点.因此,如果含有“一段时间”的含义的时候，就可以用while。6. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。这句话中，是说趁着铁是热的这段时间，赶紧打铁。如果换成 when 意思就变了，相当于说铁只热了一下，打一下,然后铁就冷了。这显然不符合文意。再例:Im going to the post office. -While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 三、as 的用法as 从句表示的也是一件事情正在发生，另一件事也正在进行当中.但与 while 从句不同的是,as 从句用的一般不用正在进行时，而只是一般过去时。as 从句一般可以翻译成“边边”。例如:1. As my mother sang those old songs， tears ran down her cheeks. 当我妈妈唱起那些老歌时，眼泪顺着她的脸颊流了下来。 2。 The students took notes as they listened. 学生们边听课边做笔记。3。 As we talked on， he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候，他越来越兴奋. 4. The little girls sang as they went. 小姑娘们一边走，一边唱.5. Just as he caught the ball， there was a tearing sound。 当他抓住球的时候，有一种撕裂的声音. as 表达的事件，往往只是主句动作发生的背景或条件时，as 只是一个次要的时间说明，不像while 从句有强调 while 动作本身的意思。因此,as 常常翻译成“随着之意.例如：1. As the time went on,the weather got worse. 随着时间的推移，气候更加糟糕.2。 The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases. 随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。 3。 As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer。 随着时间一年一年过去,中国变得越来越富强了。 少数情况下，如果强调动作正在发生，as 从句也可以用正在进行时。这只能算是特例了。1。 The sad mother sat on the roadside, shouting as she was crying。 伤心的妈妈坐在路边，边哭边叫喊。 2。 As we were going out, it began to snow。 正当我们出门时，雪开始下起来。3. He came in as I was going to bed。 我正要上床睡觉，他进来了。四、when， while， as 的互换如果从句动作和主句动作同时发生,并且从句动作为延续性动词时，when，while，as 可以互换使用。这种情况下，它们的细微区别恐怕连英、美人自己也说不清了。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. 当我们跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。 dance 为延续性动词2. When /While /As she was making a phone call， I was writing a letter. 当她在打电话时，我正在写信。 make为延续性动词3。 While/When/ As I was walking down the street， I noticed a police car in front of the bank。 我顺着马路往前走时，发现银行门前停着一辆警车。五、比较while， when， as1)as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词. 例如：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me。 我刹车后，有一个人向我走来。 2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。 例如:When you have finished your work, you may have a rest。 干完活后，你可以休息一下。 3）从句表示“随时间推移连词能用as，不用when 或while。 例如: As the day went on， the weather got worse.日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏. 2）比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的.否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以.正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。（在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Lets get in the wheat before the sun sets。）否定句：She didnt arrive until 6 oclock。 她直到6点才到。 Dont get off the bus until it has stopped。 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didnt manage to do it until you had explained how。 直到你教我后，我才会做. 区别:1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。例如：Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 3)until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首.例如： -Until when are you staying？你呆到什么时候？ - Until next Monday。呆到下周一。 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示. 4）Not until在句首，主句用倒装。 例如:Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is。 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物. Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月. 5）It is not until that. 例如：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. 6)表示“一就”的结构 hardly/scarcelywhen/before, no soonerthan和as soon as都可以表示“一就的 意思. 例如： I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain。 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain。 As soon as I got home， it began to rain。 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 例如： Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain。 No sooner had I got home than it began to rain。六、练习:在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词1_ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been. 2_ he was speaking， everybody listened carefully. 3I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5It was already eight oclock _ we got there。 6。 I was about to go out _ a visitor came。 7Well go to the country at the beginning of June, _ the summer harvest will start。8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin.9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr。 Smith is away。 10. I listen to the recorder _ I have time。 11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience. 13. I havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. I waited _ he came back. 15。 It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him。 16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18。 They decided to go back home _ their money ran out。 19。 We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain。20。 _ I get to the airport, I will phone you to pick me up. 21。 They were about to leave _ it began to rain。 22。 He always stay in bed _ lunch time. 23。 I like playing tennis _ my younger sister prefers watching ball games. 24. _ I understand your viewpoint, I dont agree with you。 25。 _ she grew older， she became more responsible. Key： 1。 When 2。 While / When 3。 as 4。 when/as5。 when 6. when 7。 when 8。 while9. while10。 whenever11. before 12. After 13。 since 14. till/until15。 until 16. before17。 as soon as 18。 before 19. when20. As soon as21.when 22. until 23. while24. While 25。 As