Unit-1-Friendship必修一知识点精编.doc

必修一 Unit 1 Friendship
知识点精编及巩固练习
I Vocabulary
survey
n./v. 调查，测验 make/conduct a survey
“调查”近义词： research/search/investigate-investigation, look into
“测试”近义词： quiz, exam, test

add vi./vt.
add to 增添
Fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
add…to… 往…添加…
She added some salt to the soup.
add up (together) 合计
Add up these figures and you will see which is the right answer.
add up to 加起来总和是
It is reported that the number of visitors to the exhibition adds up to 15,000 every day.
add that
1. The visiting Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, ____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added
2. His whole income ____ no more than 1000 yuan per month.
A. added up to B. added to C. is added up D. added
upset
v. 使不安，搅乱，弄翻
adj. 心烦意乱的（不用于名词前），（胃等）不舒服，（计划等）搅乱的，
主语为不安因素The bad news upset him.
近义词：uncomfortable, bother, annoy

ignore
vt. 忽视，对…不予理睬
ignorance n. 无知
ignorant adj. 无知的
be ignorant of/about sb./sth. 对某人/某物不知道
be in ignorance of sth 不知道某事
近义词：neglect
ignore和be ignorant
ignore装作不知道，故意不理睬；be ignorant不知道，没意识到
He ignores the doctor’s advice and goes on smoking.
I was ignorant (of the fact) that the boss should be so strict.

concern
vt. 担忧，涉及 n. 担心，关注，关系
As far as be concerned就…而言
As far as I am concerned, the water is too cold.
be concerned with与…有关
He was very concerned with her.
We are not concerned with that matter
be concerned for/about/over关心
She is concerned about your safety.
as concerns=concerning关于
concern oneself with/in 从事，参与
concern oneself about/for因为…担忧（关心）某人
练习：
1. As we all know, parents are concerned ____ their children's study, because it is concerned ____their future.
A. for; about B. about; for C. about; with D. with; about
2. __ English is concerned, he is first in our class.
A. As B. As soon as C. As far as D. Now that
go through经历, 检查，通过
近义词：experience经历，体验；
扩展：live through度过，经受过
live on…, 以…为生；live with忍受，与…同居
get through通过，到达，接通电话
look through浏览，温习，从…中显露
关于go的短语：go over温习，复习； go into走进…；go off爆炸；go out出去，熄灭；go ahead继续向前走；go against违背；go away走开；go back回去，回顾；go by时间流逝，从旁经过；go down下降，下沉；go for为…而去；go in进入；go on（时间）过去，继续，持续，发生；go round绕路； go together一起去；go up上升，攀登；go without没有
1. The police __ the building hoping to catch the thief.
A. looked for B. searched for C. found out D. went through
2. A terrible noise __ the house and then we felt it shaking.
A. went through B. went into C. looked into D. held into

German注意复数为Germans

set down
记下，放下(put down)，登记，解释认为，下车(get off)
set out动身出发，着手做
set off动身出发，引爆
set up创办、树立、搭起；（found, build, construct, establish）
set an example to sb=(set sb an example) 为某人树立了……榜样；
set forward提出，拨快（钟表）
set sb free 释放，放走；
set sail 扬帆起航；
set about doing 着手，开始(做)

练习：
1. She __ the VCD player on the table and went out.
A. set out B. set up C. set down D. set on
2. Students should form the habit of __ everything important in class. Which of the following can’t be put in the blank?
A. putting down B. taking down C. setting down D. tearing down
on purpose故意
with the purpose of doing sth目的是…
for the purpose of与 with the purpose of辨析
for the purpose of目的能否实现不知道； with the purpose of暗示目的能实现
近义词辨析：
aim ：从本义“靶子”引申而来，侧重比较具体而明确的目标，但常指短期目标。
goal ：指经过考虑和选择，需经坚持不懈的努力奋斗才能达到的最终目标。
purpose ：普通用词，既指以坚决、审慎的行动去达到的目的，又指心中渴望要实际的目标。
end ：指心目中怀着的某种目的，强调结果而非过程。较正式用词。
target ：指射击的靶，军事攻击目标。引申指被攻击、批评或潮笑的目标。
object ：强调个人或需求而决定的目标、目的。
objective与object基本同义，但语义更广泛，指具体或很快能达到的目的，也可指军事目标。书面用词。
近义短语：by design故意地
反义短语：by chance, by accident,偶然地

thunder n. 雷；vi.打雷
相关天气词汇：
cloudy多云的，frost 霜，hail 冰雹，mist 雾，fog浓雾，shower 暴雨，
storm, tempest暴风雨，lightning闪电，hurricane飓风，typhoon台风 ，
breeze 微风，dew露水，humidity 潮湿，freeze冰冻

entire adj.整体的, entirely adv. 整体地
近义词：total，whole，all

power 能力，能量
powerful, powerfully, powerless, powerlessly
have the power to do sth. / of doing sth.
近义词：energy(n.) 能量—energetic(adj.)精力充沛的，积极的,
privilege特权， right权力

face to face面对面地；face-to-face adj.
扩展：facial面部的；racial种族的 face (vt.) 面对
heart to heart坦诚地 shoulder to shoulder肩并肩地
back to back背对背地 hand in hand手拉手地
arm in arm臂挽臂地 side by side并肩地 step by step逐步地
相关短语：
face up 面朝上
　　face down 正面朝下
　　face the truth 面对现实
　　face up to 大胆面向
face with 面对...

no longer/ not…any longer不再
no more/not…any more不再
no longer / not... any longer修饰表示状态的持续动词(如wait, live, work等)。
Don't wait any longer
no more / not... any more通常修饰表示具体动作的瞬间动词(如go, stand, visit等)。
We couldn't stand it any more.
练习：
1. —Will you give this message to Mr White, please?
—Sorry, I can't. He ________ .
A. doesn't any more work here B. doesn't any longer work here
C. doesn't work any more here D. doesn't work here any longer

settle ( vt. ) 安居，停留，( vt. ) 解决，安排
近义词：solve重在得到答案；resolve重在解决问题；work out

suffer遭受，忍受，经历 suffering(n.)
suffer，suffer from/with 遭受，患病
suffer 指一般的损害、痛苦等等，但suffer from后接伤痛、疾病等引起的痛苦
suffer the result /heavy losses /injury/pain/defeat
suffer from headache/illness/cold and hunger/a bad stomach
练习：
1. __ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered

loneliness (n.)孤单，寂寞
alone, lonely辨析
1）alone可作副词或形容词；而lonely只能作形容词，在句中充当定语或表语。
She watches TV when she is alone.
For years Mary lived alone in New York.
When his wife died, he was very lonely.
2）alone表示“（身体上的）独自，孤单”；而lonely表示“（感情上的）孤单寂寞”，有时指“本人的意愿并非如此”，含有不愉快的意思。
I am alone but I am not lonely

recover(v.) 恢复，重新获得 recovery(n.)
近义词：get over/come over
相关短语：recover from
形近词：discover发现，uncover发现，揭露；cover覆盖，包含

get/be tired of对…厌烦
tired, wore out, exhausted词义辨析
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣
exhausted表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.
wore out这个词不太正式，多用于口语。

get along (on) with 与…相处，进展
1． 多用于进行时
2． 其后可用well, badly, nicely等修饰语
He gets along/on well with his classmates.
How are you getting on with your studies?
disagree不同意 disagreement(n.) agree同意 agreement(n.)
相关短语：
agree with同意，与……一致；(气候，食物)适合.
agree to赞成(提议、安排、计划等
agree on对……取得一致意见
reach an agreement达成一致

join in参加，加入
join, join in, take part in, attend的辨析
join多指参加某组织，成为其中的一个成员，宾语通常为the army/party/team/club
I will never forget the day when I joined the Party.
take part in指参加群众性活动、会议、劳动、游行等，往往指参加者持有积极的态度，起一份作用，in后要加宾语
We should take an active part in school activities.
join in通常指参加某种活动，如竞赛，娱乐，游戏等，也可不加宾语
Would you join me in a walk?
attend多指参加会议，方式，婚礼，葬礼，典礼及上课，上学，听报告等。
attend one’s lecture/wedding
练习：
1. We’re going to play basketball. Would you like to ___ ?
A. join B. join in C. attend D. take part in

get sth done
get sb to do使某人做某事，相当于have/make sb. do sth.
You should get your friends to help you.
get sth done使某事发生
She got her coat washed
get sb.doing使某人持续做某事
He got the car running all the time.

pay for, take, cost, take
spend的主语必须是人：
(1) spend time ／money on sth. 在……上花费时间（金钱）。
I spent two hours on this maths problem.
(2) spend time／money (in) doing sth. 花费时间（金钱）做某事。
They spent two years (in) building this bridge.
(3) spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
His money was spent for books.
cost的主语是物或某种活动， 还可以表示“值”，
sth. costs (sb.) ＋money/time,某物/做某事花了某人多少钱/时间
A new computer costs a lot of money.
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take的用法：It takes sb. ＋时间＋to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
It took them three years to build this road.
pay的基本用法是：
(1) pay for…为…付款
(2) pay (sb.) for 为…付款给某人
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
(3) pay sb money to do sth 付款让某人做某事
(4) pay money back 还钱
cheat (vt)欺骗; (n.)骗子
相关短语：
cheat sb (out) of sth从某人那里骗取某物
A general builder was prosecuted for cheating an old man out of $2000.（NCE-3-53）
cheat sb into doing sth骗某人做某事
The salesman cheated me into buying a fake.
cheat, deceive, trick, fool辨析
cheat：指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中欺骗人。
deceive：指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。
trick：指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。
fool：指把别人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗别人。
wonder (vt.) 想知道，对…有怀疑
1) 后接疑问词等引导的宾语从句
I wonder why James is always late for school.
2）It's a wonder that … 意为“奇怪的是……”。
It's a wonder that she is still alive.
3）It's no wonder that … 意为“难怪……”。如：
It's no wonder that they won't come.

It is(was) the first time that sb. have/had done with
It’s no pleasure looking through these any longer
II练习巩固
1. He __ the babysitter 600 yuan __ looking after his child.
A. paid; off B. charged; for C. took; for D. paid; for
2. The old man, who __ the World War II, is Peter’s grandfather.
A. go through B. go out C. come out D. went through
3. Students should __ everything important that their teachers give in class.
A. set up B. set out C, set aside D. set down
4. He __ my presence at the meeting, which made me sad.
A. ignored B. was ignorant of C. noticed D. found
5. As far as I am __, it is of no importance whether he will go or not.
A. cheated B. concerned C. persuaded D. taught
6. What he had said about the incident and done with it __ our trouble.
A. added up to B. added to C. added up D. were added to
7. It’s Sunday today. I’m glad I __ go to school.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have got to
C. haven’t got to D. won’t have got to
8. He was disappointed that his plan did not __.
A. go on B. go off C. go through D. go out
9. The old lady is __ talking about her __ in the old days.
A. often; suffering B. often; sufferings
C. always; suffering D. always; sufferings
10. __ from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered B. Suffering C. Having suffered D. Being suffered

11、--Why didn’t you __ my wedding yesterday?
-- I was going to, but I had an unexpected guest at the very moment.
A. join B. join in C. take part in D attend

12. ___ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock.
A. So as to sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Having slept
13. I have __ everything that happened, as I remember it.
A. set down B. set up C. set out D. set off
14. The meeting was concerned ___ reforms and everyone present was concerned __ their own interests.
A .with; for B. with; with C. for; about D. about; with