英语语法专题---简单句-并列句和复合句.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,简单句,并列句和复合句,1,I.,句子的分类（按结构）,1.,简单句,（,Simple Sentences,）,2.,并列句,（,Compound Sentences,）,按结构可分为：,3.,复合句,（,Complex Sentences,）,2,II.,句子的分类（按用途）,句子按用途可分为：,陈述句,（,Declarative Sentences,）,疑问句,（,Interrogative Sentences,）,祈使句,（,Imperative Sentences,）,感叹句,（,Exclamatory Sentences,）,3,1.,简单句,例句：,1.,She,goes,to work every day.,2.,Tom and I,found her there.,3.We all,breathe,eat and work,.,4.She,likes,drawing and often,draws,pictures for wall newspapers.,说明：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语,（或并列谓语）构成的句子。,4,简单句的五种基本句型,1,）主语,+,谓语（,vi.,）例如：,I work.,我工作。,2,）主语,+,谓语（系动词）,+,表 例如：,John is busy.,约翰忙。,3,）主语,+,谓语（,vt.,）,+,宾 例如：,She studies English.,她学英语。,5,4,）主语,+,谓语（,vt.,）,+,宾语,+,宾补 例如：,He always makes us laugh.,他总是让我们发笑,5,）主语,+,谓语（,vt.,）,+,间宾,+,直宾 例如：,My mother made me a new dress.,我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳。,6,2.,并列句,例句：,1.,I often help her,and,she helps me,too,.,2.,Harry likes eggs,but,he doesnt like chicken.,3.The future is bright,;,the road is tortuous.,区别比较：,She,likes,drawing,and,often,draws,pictures for wall newspapers.,说明：由,并列连词,（如：,and,so,but,or,等）或分号（；）把,两个或两个以上的简单句,连在一起而构成的句子。,7,并列句的分类,1.,并列连词,and,then,not onlybut also,等连接,联合并列句,用,not onlybut also,时，前面一句要用部分倒装。例如,:,1,）,Use your head,and,youll find a way,2,）,Not only,does he want to come,but,the students,also,need him.,8,并列连词,but,while,yet,等连接,转折并列句,。例如,:,（,09,北京）,21.John plays basketball,well,_ his favorite sport is badminton.,A.so B.or C.yet D.for,C,9,3.,并列连词,or,eitheror,otherwise,等连接,选择并列句,。如,:Either you leave this house or Ill call the,police.,Hurry up,or you will miss the train.,10,4.,并列连词,so,for,therefore,等连接,因果关系并列句,。,如,:It was late,so,we went home.,It rained,therefore,the game was called off.,11,注意：,在“祈使句,+and/or+,陈述句”结构中,当前后,两部分为,承接关系时,用,and;,前后意思为,相反,关系,时,用,or,。如果将前面的祈使句转换成由,if,引导的条件状语从句,要将,and,或,or,去掉。例如,:Hurry up,and well be there in time.,=If we hurry up,well be there in time.,2.,并列连词,so,不能与,because,连用,;,并列连词,but,不能和,although,或,though,连用。,12,3.,复合句,说明：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成,的句子,从句是主句的一成分。复合句包括,名词性从,句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）、,定语从句,、,状语从句,。,13,例句：,1.I believe,you are right.,2.,If,he studies harder,he will pass the,exam.,3.,The man,who is playing basketball,is Yaoming.,4.The reason is,that I dont love you any more.,What I need,is enough money.,The news,that I have passed the English test,is true,.,14,简单句、并列句和复合句考点评析,简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型，在阅读中需有时要借助于划分句子成分来理解句子的意思，在书面表达中如果没有基本的遣词造句能力是无法用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。,高考对简单句、并列句和复合句的考查主要体现在,对连词的选择和使用上,。如：,and,or,but,以及定语从句，名词性从句，状语从句的,连接词，关联词,。,15,II.,句子的分类（按用途）,句子按用途可分为：,陈述句,（,Declarative Sentences,）,疑问句,（,Interrogative Sentences,）,祈使句,（,Imperative Sentences,）,感叹句,（,Exclamatory Sentences,）,16,用来,说明一个事实或陈述一种看法,。,(,肯定和否定,),，句中含有,never,seldom,hardly,scarcely,rarely,barely,nothing,nobody,nowhere,等词时,应视为否定句。,1.,陈述句（,Declarative Sentences,）,17,例如：,1)Light travels faster than sound.,光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）,2)The film is rather boring.,这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）,3)She didnt hear of you before.,4)I could,hardly,hear anything.,18,用来提出请求，建议或发出命令，肯定的祈使句用动词原形开头，否定的祈使句用,Dont,或,Never+,动词原形开头。例如：,1.Sit down,please!,2.Dont be nervous!,2.,祈使句（,Imperative Sentences,）,19,有些祈使句还可以没有动词。例如：,Silence!,No parking!,有时为了加强语气还可以在动词前面用上助动词,do,。,例如：,Do come earlier,please!,20,表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，常用,what,或,how,来引导。常见的句型结构是：,What +,名词,+,主语,+,谓语！,How+,形容词或副词,+,主语,+,谓语！,例如：,1)What good news it is!,2)What a silly question he asked!,3)How cool it is today!,4)How hard the students are working!,3.,感叹句（,Exclamatory Sentences,）,21,a.,一般疑问句（,General Questions,）,：常指用,yes,或,no,回答的句子，常把助动词,be,、,have,、,do,或情态动词等提到主语之前，例如：,Can you finish the work in time?,Are you a student?,Do you like English?,用来提出问题,有以下四种：,4.,疑问句（,Interrogative Sentences,）,22,b.,特殊疑问句（,Special Questions,）：,指用,what,how,when,which,where,how many,how much,等疑问词开头的疑问句，不能用,yes,或,no,回答，例如：,Where do you live?,How many students are there in your class?,23,c.,选择疑问句（,Alternative Questions,）,：,这种疑问句通常提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择，供选择的部分常用,or,连接。例如：,1.Would you like some tea or coffee?,2.Which jacket did he buy,the green one or the red one?,24,d.,反意疑问句（,Tag Questions,）,：在陈述句后附上一个简短问句，表示说话者对所叙述的事实虽有一定见解，但没有把握，提出疑问，希望得到对方的证实。常见句型结构是：前肯定后否定；前否定后肯定两种。要注意陈述句中的否定有多种形式，除了用,not,之外，还可以用,hardly,few,little,never,seldom,nobody,nothing,nowhere,等词表示否定，但,否定的前缀和后缀不算否定,。,25,例如：,1)Work is a big part of your life,isnt it?,2)They all had a good time,didnt they?,3)She,dislikes,pets,doesnt she?,4)He,doesnt,know her,does he?,5),Nobody,came here just now,did they?,6)Tom can,hardly,cook,can he?,26,巩固练习,27,一、,判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：,1.,We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.,2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.,3.There is a chair in this room.,4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,简单句,复合句,简单句,简单句,28,5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.,6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.,7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.,8.What he said at the meeting is very important.,9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.,10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,复合句,并列句,复合句,简单句,简单句,29,二、用适当的词填空,1.Give me one more minute _ I will be able to finish it.,2._joyful he was to meet his brother again!,3.I am sorry to have to say this,_ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.,4.There are many sports lovers in his office.Some love climbing,_ others love swimming.,and,How,but,while,30,5.Do you feel like going out _ would you rather have dinner at home,？,6.Mary went to bed early,_ she felt very tired.,7.Mother cut her finger _ she was making a dress.,8.Its really very dangerous.One more step,the baby will fall into the well.,9.She is American,_ she knows litter about American history.,10.Study hard,_ you wont pass the exam.,or,for,when,and,but,or,31,三、按要求完成以下句子,1.He dares to tell the truth.(,改为否定句,),He doesn,t dare to tell the truth.,或,He dare not tell the truth.,2.they have lived here,for,more,than,ten,years,.(,对划线部分提问,),How long have they lived here?,3.There will be a sports meeting at the end of this month,，,_?(,完成反意问,),wont there,32,4.You must be careful with your pronunciation.(,改为祈使句,),Be careful with your pronunciation.,5.They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(,改为一般疑问句,),Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening?,6.It is an interesting story.(,改为感叹句,),What an interesting story(it is)!,或,How interesting the story is!,33,7.This magazine comes out,every other week,.(,对划线部分提问,),How often does this magazine come out?,8.They could hardly believe his words,_?(,完成反意疑问,),9.The moon is shining brightly.(,改为感叹句,),How brightly the moon is shining!,10.,Our English teacher,is always encouraging us to remember more words.(,对划线部分提问,),Who is always encouraging us to remember more words?,could they,34,