许兆璐 说明书摘要.docx

功率超声振动拉丝机的设计

摘要
拉丝机是线材制品的主要生产设备，随着线材制造业的快速发展，拉丝机的用量在猛增，也随着市场对线材成品质量要求越来越高，对拉丝机也提出了更高的要求，本设计主要是结合现有的拉丝机的结构和功能并增加新的技术设计一台高效率高质量的拉丝机。
常规拉丝加工过程中，金属丝材在拉丝模的变形和成形区域内，由于变形剧烈、变形力和摩擦力大，容易出现断丝和表面及内部缺陷，而且在没有进行表面润滑处理的情况下无法进行难加工材料的加工。研究表明，超声振动拉拔的应用能够很好地解决这些问题。超声振动拉丝是超声塑性加工的一种，是在常规拉丝的过程中叠加超声波振动能的新加工工艺。这一工艺因可以降低拉拔力、改善表面质量、提高加工效率和加工材料范围广等特点而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。
功率超声振动拉丝的原理是将高频电振荡信号通过机电转换装置转换成相应频率的机械能——超声波振动能，通过液体或者固体介质耦合到拉丝模上，然后通过相应工具和被加工材料的加工接触传递到加工材料中，以获得超声波振动对金属塑性变形作用的加工过程。超声波拉丝的优点是可以降低拉拔力，由此可使拉拔断线率降低，道次变形量增大，拉拔道次减少，模孔的磨损减小，从而提高模子寿命，减少金属丝的不均匀变形，改善金属丝的性能和表面质量，总之可提高金属的可拉拔性。
本文在前人研究的基础上从金属材料塑性变形的影响因素和金属线材的拉拔基础入手，基于行业对拉丝机的要求，在大量查阅资料的基础上，进一步对超声振动拉丝机理进行了分析研究。通过对超声振动拉丝机工作原理及结构的分析和整合进行超声振动拉丝机的设计。通过对现有各类拉丝机的分析，比较各类拉丝机的优缺点，也同时结合现有加工的需要设计一台双主动塔轮超声振动水箱式拉丝机。
双主动塔轮超声振动水箱式拉丝机主要由超声振动系统、成品卷筒、拉拔塔轮、过线轮、控制系统、拉丝模具、传动系统、电机等几部分组成。超声振动系统由超声波换能器、超声波变幅杆、超声波驱动器等机构组成。
双主动塔轮超声振动水箱式拉丝机采用多道次拉拔，有效的降低各道次的拉拔力同时减小了对拉丝模具的损坏，通过增加超声振动系统，在超声振动能的作用下明显降低拉拔力、提高线材表面质量、提高线材加工速度。该拉丝机克服了原有拉丝机体积大、拉拔率低、拉拔质量差、加工范围小的缺点，能够立足行业需求快速的高质量的进行线材加工，更好的服务于塑形材料加工行业。

关键词: 超声振动，拉丝;拉拔力，表面质量，水箱拉丝机，塔轮，电机，节能降耗

Power ultrasonic vibration drawing machine design

Abstract
Wire drawing machine is a major producer of wire products equipment, with the rapid development of the wire manufacturing industry, the amount of the drawing machine soared, with the market for wire finished product quality have become increasingly demanding, drawing machine also made a higherrequirements, the design is a combination of structure and function of the wire drawing machine and add new technology to design a high efficiency, high-quality wire drawing machine.
Conventional wire drawing process, the deformation of the metal wire in the wire drawing dies and forming region, due to intense deformation, deformation and friction, prone to broken wires and surface and internal defects, but also in the case of surface lubrication treatmentunable to carry out the processing of difficult materials. Studies have shown that application of ultrasonic vibration drawing can solve these problems. The ultrasonic vibration drawing is a kind of ultrasonic plastic processing is a new process superimposed ultrasonic vibration energy in the conventional wire drawing process. This process can reduce the drawing force, to improve the surface quality, and improve processing efficiency and processing materials and a wide range of features has been widespread concern in the domestic and foreign scholars.
Power ultrasonic vibration drawing of the principle is the high-frequency electric oscillation signal into a corresponding frequency electromechanical conversion device to convert mechanical energy - ultrasonic vibration energy, liquid or solid media coupled to the wire drawing dies, then the corresponding tools and raw materials processingcontact transmission to the processing of material to ultrasonic vibration process of plastic deformation of metals. The advantages of ultrasonic wire drawing can reduce the pulling force, which allows drawing the disconnection rate pass deformation increases, Drawing times to reduce mold wear holes decreases, in order to improve the life of the mold, reducing wire inhomogeneous deformation, to improve the performance and surface quality of the wire, in short, can improve the metal can pull.
From metal materials, plastic deformation on the basis of previous research, influencing factors and the metal wire drawing the basics, the mechanism of ultrasonic vibration drawing based on industry requirements on the drawing machine, a large number of data access on the basis of further analysisstudy. By ultrasonic vibration drawing machine working principle and structure analysis and integration of the design of the ultrasonic vibration drawing machine. Analysis of the existing types of wire drawing machine, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various types of wire drawing machine, combined with the existing processing needs of the design of a dual active round tower ultrasonic vibration tank type wire drawing machine.
Initiative tower round of ultrasonic vibration tank wire-drawing machine by the ultrasonic vibration system, finished reel, pull the round tower, over the line wheel, control systems, wire drawing dies, transmission, motor and other parts. The ultrasonic vibration system consists of an ultrasonic transducer, ultrasonic horn, ultrasonic drive and other institutions.
Initiative tower round of ultrasonic vibration tank wire-drawing machine with multi-pass drawing, effectively reduce the pass pulling force while reducing the damage to the wire drawing dies, by increasing the ultrasonic vibration system, the role of ultrasonic vibration energysignificantly reduce the pulling force, the wire surface quality, improve the speed of wire processing. The drawing machine to overcome the volume of the original wire drawing machine, drawing rate, drawing the poor quality of the range of processing small drawback based on industry demand for fast, high-quality wire processing, better services in the shaping material processing industry.

Keywords: ultrasonicvibration，wiredrawing，drawing一force，surfacequality，wet drawing machine,step pulley,motor,save energy and reduce consumption