英语四级考试深阅读.pptx

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,#,CET,大学英语四级考试,深度阅读部分,前言,知,己,知,彼,，百战不殆。,-,孙子,“,If you know the enemy and know yourself,you need not fear the result of a hundred battles!,”,-,West Point,The United States Military Academy at West Point,试卷构成,测试内容,测试题型,比例,第一部分：听力理解,听力对话,短对话,多项选择,15%,长对话,多项选择,听力短文,短文理解,多项选择,10%,复合式听写,填空,10%,第二部分：阅读理解,仔细阅读理解,篇章词汇理解,多项选择,5%,篇章阅读理解,多项选择,20%,快速阅读理解,是非判断,+,句子填空,10%,多项选择,第三部分：综合测试,完型填空 改错,多项选择,10%,错误辨认并改正,句子翻译,中译英,5%,第四部分：写作,写作,短文写作,15%,成绩报道,一,.,听力理解,249,分,听力对话,107,分,听力短文,142,分,二,.,阅读理解,249,分,快速阅读,71,分,仔细阅读,178,分,三,.,完形填空（或改错）,70,分,四,.,写作和翻译,142,分,写作,106,分,汉译英,36,分,成绩单,分四部分,听力,249,阅读,249,综合（完形,/,改错翻译）,106,作文,106,时间分配,(,分钟,),写作（,30min,）,快速阅读（,15min,）,听力（,35,分钟,min,）,篇章词汇和,阅读理解,（,25min,）,完形填空（,15min,）,翻译（,5min,）,Reading in Depth,阅读理解部分分值比重较大,阅读理解,(40mins),35%,快速阅读,15,深度阅读,25,25%,篇章词汇,5%,篇章阅读,20,%,10%,Reading Open Up the World!,Reading is one of the most important ways to,input knowledge,that is to say,if you can read well,you can learn everything well.,提高,阅读,能力过级才能给力。,1.,解答所有题目阅读题干和选项时都需要一定的阅读理解能力。,2.,深度阅读题型为高考传统题型大家比较熟悉。,掌握有效的阅读技巧,Effective Skills,+,Enough Practice,Pass,四级阅读备考三大误区,误区,1,：机械背诵大量词汇,误区,2,：大量做模拟题,误区,3,：一味追求考试技巧,四级阅读备考三大误区,一、四级考试有明确的考纲，有规定的词汇考查范围，要按大纲背单词。,二、用真题进行演练，既可达到真正检测自身复习进度的目的，还可以了解四级考试的真正风格。,三、脱离英文基础的考试技巧，必定会成为,“,空中楼阁,”,。,四级阅读应试全攻略,第一轮：海量泛读,+,背高频词汇,第二轮：攻克长难句,+,训练阅读方法,第三轮：,强化五大题型解题法,阅读应试复习第一轮：海量泛读,+,背高频词汇手册,海量泛读读什么？,四级阅读选材来源,Newsweek,The New York Times,Guardian,The Washington Post,09,年,12,月,大学英语四级文章来源如下：,快速阅读：,Colleges taking another look at value of merit-based aid,出自,USA Today,Fathers Influence a Child,s Language Development,出自,NY Times,Michelle Can Teach Us,出自,Newsweek,Global Headhunt,出自,Newsweek,peoples education neglected,出自,Guardian,www.guardian.co.uk/education/2009/jan/20/furthereducation-longtermcare,建议：经常阅读以下国外报刊专栏对通过大学英语四六级考试有利。,1.USA Today2.NY Times3.Newsweek,4.Guardian,www.guardian.co.uk/education,海量泛读读哪些方面？,梳理把握广泛多样的题材,文化教育,2007.6,学习写作,2007.12,远程教育,2009.12,大学招聘美国高层管理人才原因,科技环保,2008.6,全球变暖,2009.6,环保时装，一滴水一个世界,2010.6,黑匣子的功能,热点新闻,2007.6,性别歧视,海量泛读读哪些方面？,经济商贸,2006.12,瓶装水的成功推广,2008.12,商店如何应对顾客投诉,生命健康,2006.12,健康新解,2008.12,男性比女性更易得病,社会生活,2008.6,保护隐私,2007.12,子女教育,2009.12,美国黑人女性形象,2010.6,正面思维与负面思维,2010.12,人们工作角色转变的原因,单词怎么背？,储备词汇：想要做好阅读理解，词汇量必须达到基本要求，语法知识也必须掌握。,CET,考试逐渐淡化,“,纯粹,”,的词汇、语法考查，但不意味着考生可以放弃词汇、语法。,单词背不住有两个原因：,第一，功夫没到家。,第二，没有掌握技巧。有些技巧可以助考生事半功倍，比如联想法、串联法等。,compose,oppose,impose,dispose,refuse,reject,decline,deny,turn down,串联法,今天你要嫁给我,不要把自己,conceal,（隐藏）,听我把心迹,reveal(,表露）,对你非一时,zeal(,热情）,你是我心中,ideal(,理想的人）,感情创伤帮你,heal(,治愈）,快快吃完早餐,cereal(,谷物食品）,一起到民政局盖,seal(,印章,),Tip A,背高频词汇,复用单词：,involve;focus;develop,（频率为,10,次以上）,一词多义：,appeal to;,一词多性：,approach;,以,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,为例,Page 2011-12-24,Tip B.,加强,同义替换,意识,1.,定位答案位置需要同义替换意识,2.,得出正确答案需要同义替换意识,解决办法：背单词时注意英文解释,English English,同义替换举例,例：,The success of Bill Gates and other non-MBAs,such as the late Sam Walton of Wal-Mart Stores Inc.,has helped inspire self-conscious debates on business school campuses over the worth,Q.it seems that the controversy over the values of MBA degrees has been fueled by _.,Controversy-debate,fueled-inspired,阅读应试复习第二轮：攻克长难句,+,训练阅读方法,突破长难句：四级阅读中的很多句子都比较长，很多句子都在,20,个单词以上，它们不时的出没于四级阅读中，构成了一个个,obstacle,。,应付长难句实用的原则,修饰成分,全找出来之后，用,括号,把每个修饰成分括起来，留在括号外面的就是主干 然后，按照一般顺序，谓语在前，宾语（或表语）在后，这样我们就有了主谓宾（或主系表）的主干结构了最后把修饰成分按对应的位置加上去，整个句子的结构就把握住了。,长难句举例,例：,A breakthrough(,突破,)in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC)could be brought forward by up to two decades,if a modest increase could be provided in the EECs research effort in this field,according to senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EECs scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan.,长难句举例,A breakthrough,in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community(EEC),could be brought forward,by up to two decades,if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC,s research effort in this field,according to senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC,s scientific laboratories at Ispra,near Milan.,长难句类型,-1.,双重否定句,负负得正,出现两个表示否定的结构则都去掉。,应注意的否定词：,No,not,hardly,seldom,never,little,few,small,应注意的否定词缀：,de-/dis-/un-/in-,例：,There are probably,no,questions(that)we can think up that,can,t,be answered,sooner or later,including even the matter of consciousness.,长难句类型,-,2.,分词做状语类,（主干,+,现在分词过去分词）,解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。,长难句类型,-,2.,分词做状语类,现在分词与主语之间是主动关系,以,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,为例,But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style,letting,them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the studys author,Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.,长难句类型,-,2.,分词做状语类,过去分词与主语之间是被动关系,以,2010,年,6,月,Passage One,为例,Placed,in an insulated(,隔绝的,)case and surrounded by a quarter-inch-thick panels of stainless steel,the boxes can withstand massive force and temperatures up to 2,000.,长难句类型,-,3.,定语从句类,Tips.,先用,括号,括出定语从句部分，跳出从句，抓住主干再解题。,以,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,为例,Boys at single-sex schools were said to be,more likely to get involved in cultural and,artistic activities,that helped develop thei,emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling,they had to conform to the boy code of,hiding their emotions to be a real man.,长难句类型,-,4.,倒装句类,1,）,only/not only/nor/neither,在句首,2,）,介词短语,在句首,方法：分析词性找出谓语与主语，,将主语调至谓语之前再理解文章。,一般是为了强调表语，所以倒装。,This is of great importance.,倒装：,Of great importance is,倒装句举例,以,2011,年,12,月,Passage Two,第二段第七行为例,Whats less clear,is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession-financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable.,长难句类型,建议：,把读到过的四级文章中的所有的看不懂的长难句全部总结起来，,摘抄到一个本子上面，翻译,。,当翻译到,100,句的时候，会发现长难句不过那么五六种。当看到,101,句的时候，你会马上给它归类。,真题阅读,-2011,年,12Passage One,Boys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions,and involve them in activities such as art,dance and music.,Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity(,阳刚,),the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype.a US study says.,57.The author believes that a single-sex school would _.,真题阅读实践,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,Boys at single-sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness,rather than feeling they had to conform to the boy code of hiding their emotions to be a real man.,The findings of the study so against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.,58.It is commonly believed that in a mixed school boys _.,真题阅读实践,-2011,年,12,月,Passage One,Tony Little,headmaster of Eton,warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls.,He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.,The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.,59.What does Tony Little say about the British education system?,真题阅读实践,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style,letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom,wrote the studys author,Abigail James,of the University of Virginia.,60.According to Abigail James,one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _.,61.Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James report?,Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with boy-focused approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them.,Because boys generally have more acute vision,learn best through touch,and are physically more active,they need to be given hands-on lessons where they are allowed to walk around.Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine(,女性的,),真题阅读实践,2011,年,12,月,Passage One,and prefer the modem genre(,类型,)in,which violence and sexism are major themes,James wrote.,Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be masterful and in charge in relationships.In mixed schools boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means,the study reported.,训练阅读方法,-,略读与精读并用,四级阅读速度要求,60-70words/min.,300,350 words,8min./passage,事实上,只需读懂,70%,全文,20,30,句,每篇文章后,5,个问题每题考查,1-2,句，那么有,2/3,没考到。,必读内容,1.,首段，尾段，首尾句 特别注意,转折词,2.,有作者观点 的句子,A.,语句位置靠前,B.,用语抽象概括,-,闭上眼睛无法联想到现实生活中某个实际事物的词。,四级阅读应试最佳时间安排,整体阅读法,（先看文章后做题）,优点：全局感或整体感,缺点：记不住细节，找答案费时间,查找阅读法,（适合段落较多文章）,读完第一段做第一题，做完第一题读第二题，带着问题去读第二段。,优点：符合题文同序的出题原则,缺点：不适合主旨题和全文态度题,两者结合为最佳,两者结合,：,1.,略读全文,，,把握大意,，,标记,要点，浏览问题，有的放矢。（,2min,）,2.,根据题干中的关键词定位原文,（,2min),3.,以原文为依据，进行同义替换、判断推理。,(4min),2+2+4=8min,略读文章,+,读题干（选项）,+,做题,临阵磨枪,原则就是从两个角度去读文章,即第一遍着重训练阅读能力，,第二遍着重扩大词汇量培养语感。,Tips:,关注语境,read between the lines,改变坏习惯：,lip reading,eye moving,不要一个单词个单词地看，而是一组一组地看，以,“,sense group,”,意群为单位阅读文章。,多读复旦大学和上海交大的参考书,阅读真题,按照,2+2+4=8min,时间安排做题,注意,1.,关键信息不忘做,标记,2.,利用,定位词,定位原文信息位置,3.,注意,同义替换,意识,阅读训练窍门（一）,-,阅读问题爱考哪里？,1.,强调处、绝对处、最高处,the only,或,only,在句首做状语,It is,that,must all,anyone,never,most,sole,just,simply,unique,例：,2010.6 58,题,best,2008.6 61,题,only,2,、,举例子打比喻的地方常考,such as,for example,for instance,as an illustration,that is,to name a few,as follows,阅读问题爱考哪里？,3.,特殊标点处 破折号，冒号，引号等,4.,转折处与强对比处常考,however,nevertheless,in contrast,otherwise,on the other hand,by comparison,but,yet,while,although,whereas,even if,likewise,similarly,in the same way,in the same manner,as if,as,2010.6 59,题,，,however,，,阅读问题爱考哪里？,6.,主题句处,段首段尾处,7.,因果关系处,for,as,because,since,owing to,thanks to,due to,as a result,therefore,consequently,thus,accordingly,8.,定义结论处,In my opinion,my view is,as I see,conclude,9.,数字年代处,10.,复杂句常考,当你猜答案时,1,“,体现中心思想的选项是答案,”,2,“,看似合理的不是答案；看似不合理的是答案,”,3,、,“,照抄原文的不是答案；和原文同义替换的是答案,”,4,、,“,含义肯定的不是答案；含义不肯定的是答案,”,5,、,“,含义绝对的选项不是答案,”,6,、,“,含义具体的选项不是答案，含义概括的选项是答,7,、,“,含有,some(,包括,someone,、,somebody,、,some time,、,something,、,certain,等,),的选顷是答案,”,8,、简单的不是答案，复杂的是答案,9,、发展变化是答案。,10,、,“,含有表示,重要,的选项是答案,”,表示,“,重要,”,的词主要有：,important,、,necessity,essential,等,阅读训练小窍门（二）正确答案有特点,(,一,),答案项中有绝对语气词的一般不是正确答案项,这些语气词有,：,must,always,never,the most,all,only,have to,any,no,very,completely,none,hardly.,(,二,),选项中含有不十分肯定的语气词一般是正确答案项。这些语气词有：,can,could,may,should,usually,might,more or less,often relatively,be likely to,possible,whether or,not necessarily.,正确答案有特点,（,三）选项中照抄原文的一般不是答案项，而同义替换的一般是选项。,例：,2010-06-24 57,题,（,四）,概括性的、抽象的、含义深刻的,；,较全面、有针对性地表达文章中心思想的选项一般是答案项。,正确答案有特点,（五）选项中较符合常识的,易明白的一般不是选项；而似乎不太合理，一时较难理解的往往是正确选项。,例：,Raising children,in the authors opinion,is _.,A,a moral duty,B.a thankless job,C.a rewarding task,D.a source of inevitable pain,阅读真题,2010,年,6,月,Passage One,注意,关键信息句位置,正确答案选项特点,阅读真题,2010,年,6,月,Passage One,57,题正确答案,D,：选项内容原文未出现,59,题正确答案,C,：选项中有,often,不肯定语气词,深度阅读第一讲作业,第二讲前完成,2007,年,6,月和,12,月真题,2008,年,6,月和,12,月真题,Review,1.,检查作业完成情况,2.,必须有意识地进行自我模拟测试,3.,重点讲解,2007,年,6,月 阅读真题,复习,阅读方法,（幻灯片,38,）,归纳五大题型,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,I,ve been writing for most of my life.The book,Writing Without Teachers,introduced me to one,distinction,and one practice that has helped my writing processes tremendously.The,distinction,is between the,creative,mind and the,critical,mind.,While you need to,employ,both to get to a finished result,they cannot work,in parallel,no matter how much we might like to think so.,57.When the author says the creative mind and the critical mind,“,cannot work in parallel,”,(Line 4,Para.1)in the writing process,he means _ .,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,（,58,题）,Trying to criticize writing,on the fly,is possibly the single greatest barrier,（,prevent,from,）,to writing that most of us encounter.,If you are listening to that 5th grade English teacher correct your grammar while you are trying to,capture,a,fleeting,(,稍纵即逝的,)thought,the thought will die.,58.What,prevents,people,from,writing on is _.,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,If you capture the fleeting thought and simply share it with the world in,raw,form,no one is likely to understand.,（呼应,57,题）,You must learn to create first and then,criticize,if you want to make writing the tool for thinking that it is.,The practice that can help you past your learned,（呼应,58,题）,bad habits of trying to edit as you write,is what Elbow calls,“,free writing.,”,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,（,59,题）,In free writing,the,objective,is to get words down on paper non-stop,usually for 15-20 minutes.,No stopping,no going back,no criticizing.The,goal,is to get the words flowing.As the words begin to flow,the ideas will come from the shadows and let themselves be captured on your notepad or your screen,.,59.What is the chief,objective,of the first stage of writing?,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,Now you have raw materials that you can begin to work with using the critical mind that you,ve persuaded to sit on the side and watch quietly.,（,60,题）,Most likely,you will believe that,this,will take more time than you actually have and you will,end up staring,blankly at the pages as the deadline draws near.,60.One common concern of writers about,“,free writing,”,is that _.,2007,年,6,月,Passage One,Instead of staring at a blank start filling it with words no matter how bad.Halfway through you available time,（,61,题）,stop and rework your raw writing into something closer to finished product.Move back and forth until you run out of time and the final result will most likely,be far better,（,refine,）,than your current practices.,61.In what way does the critical mind help the writer in the writing process?,第三轮：强化五大题型解题法,题型介绍,事实细节题,推理判断题,语义理解题,主旨大意题,观点态度题,1.,事实细节题,通常从,一个句子,中找到答案,解题步骤：,1,定位分析,2,选项分析,关键词定位法,A,专有名词（人名，地名）,B,比较明显的描述性词汇,C,副词、形容词，尤其一些程度词，比较词。,D.,特殊印刷字体 及其同义替换,按顺序定位法,1.,事实细节题,2.,选项分析,同义替换,排除干扰项,-,联系主题,1.,事实细节题,干扰项特征：,1,）偷梁换柱 越像的越不对 十个单词有九个与原文一致，只有一个不一样。,2,）从距离判断,The idea of,“,improvement factor,”,(para.3 line 8)implies roughly:,A.wages should be paid on the basis of length of service(P.3,L.7),B.(P.3,L.8),C.(P.3,L2),D.(P.2,L6),距离远的免谈。,A,C.D,事实细节题总结,事实细节题关键词：同义替换,对四级细节题的总结,：,1,、答案不跨段。,2,、,90%,根据关键词定位。,10%,利用题目的顺序。,3,、考点不重复。,2.,推理判断题,这类题的答案不会直接出现在文中，,需根据语境通过逻辑推理来判断,标准问题：,1 what conclusion can be drawn for the passage,？,2 From the passage we can conclude-,3 We can infer from the passage-,4 The passage seems to indicate that-,5 which of the following is true from the passage-,2.,推理判断题,tips:,1.,通过,题干,返回原文，当题干中无具体的关键词时，根据,选项,返回原文。,2.,一般要围绕文中的一两个,重点,进行推理，如文章主题，段落主题。根据原文意思进行判断。,若有一选项与原文意思一模一样，必定是正确答案,3.,不要想得太多，推得过远，关键是理解原文。,2.,推理的两点总结：,conclude,1,、如果该词在第一题，通常考文章,主题,。,2,、如果该词在中间题，通常考中间段落的,主题,。,3,、如果该词在第五题，通常考文章主题或者最后一段的,主题,。,infer,1,、如果用该词提问的题目，题干的信息比较多，比较具体，则利用细节题的方法来解。,2,、如果题干的信息不多，不具体，则利用文章主题或段落主题找答案。,3.,语义理解题,(,猜词义题）,语义理解题就是对生词、句子或短语进行提问，需要考生推断考点的近义含义或引申含义。,提问方式：,1,“,-,”,is used in the passage to refer to,“,-,”,2 The word,“,-,”,most probably means _.,3 according to the author,“,-,”,most probably means _.,3.,语义理解题,(,猜词义题）,解题依据：,上下文意义；,并列逻辑与转折逻辑体现出来的,同义关系或反义关系；,篇章中对词的定义阐释；,构词法：,fore,cast-,fore,tell,inter,action-,inter,city,-ship,-hood,3.,语义理解题,(,猜词义题