中考英语短文填空实例分析解题技巧汇总.docx

中考英语短文填空实例分析解题技巧汇总一、解题步骤1 .略读全文短文填空与完形填空一样，属于障碍性阅读，但它的难度比完形填 空还要高，因为完形填空有四个备选答案，而短文填空没有提供备选答 案，要求考生既能想得到答案，还要写得对单词。所以在解题时，先略 读全文，对全文有个大概了解。2 .逐项填空在读完一遍之后，对短文内容有大概了解。然后运用所学的知识与 技巧，根据文章的大意，逐个填空。易的先填，难的做标记后填。绝对 不能留空。3 .核对答案全部题目完成后，再复读一遍，核查答案。（1）检查答案注意动词的时态、语态。（2）检查名词要注意单复数。（3）检查形容词和副词的三个级别。（4）检查习惯用语、固定搭配等是否符合习惯。（5）检查上下文的连贯性，以及所填词是否符合逻辑。二、解题技巧1.寻“宝”推理法寻“宝”推理法就是从上下文中找到相关的“宝”（信息点），通过逻辑推理，从而填出与原句意思相符单词的方法。如:73 .【答案】happiness 考查名词。“They are seen as bright symbol of 73( happy) and good wishes.”意为“它们被看做是幸福和美好祝愿的象征。”空格处单词与wishes具有并列关系,wishes在此是名词， 故填 happinesso74 .【答案】hasbeen考查动词时态。“Papercutting 74( be)around for over 1500 years.” 中的 for over 1500 years 判断句子是现在完 成时态。75.【答案】but 考查连词。“Paper cuting sounds very easy 75 it can be difficult to do.空格前意为“剪纸听起来很容易”，空格 后意为“可能很难做。”前后发生意义转折，故填but。76 .【答案】as 考查介词。“During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls 76 symbols of wishes for good luck and a happy new year.意为“在春节期间，人们把它们贴在窗户上、门上和 墙上，作为祈求好运和新年快乐的象征。” as表示“作为”之意。77 .【答案】carefully 考查副词。“The pieces are77( careful)shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. ” 意为“这些作品通过手工，用一种非常特殊的陶土精心塑形，然后再自 然晾干。”空格处单词修饰动词shape,在英语中修饰动词用副词形式， 故填 carefullyo78 .【答案】dying考查介词用法。After 78 (dry), they are fired at a very high heat.”意为“干了之后，再用高温烧制。”在该句中 after是介词，介词后面的动词用其-ing形式，故填dying。79 .【答案】to complete 考查固定句型。It takes several weeks79( complete) everything.v意为“完成这一切要花费几周的时间take作为“花费”之意,常用于It takes +时间段+to do sth.句型。故填 to completeo【典例】 It was a fine day last Sunday. John went to Tianlong supermarket to do some (1) alone. Because it was a little far away from his home, he (2) his car there. Soon he got there and found room for his car. He parked his car and went into the (3) to buy the things he needed. Twenty minutes later; he finished shopping. He was very happy he could (4) shopping in less than half an hour. At last he took the things slowly back to the car park. What a good day he had!【分析】：(1) A.上下寻宝：从下文(倒数第二行)可寻到“宝”：he could finish shopping in less”。B.判定答案：把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整，故确定答案填 shoppingoC.检查复核：shopping此处是不可数名词，不用+s。(2) A.上下寻宝：从下文(本空的后一句)可寻到“宝”：Soon he got -for his car。B.判定答案：经过逻辑推理，只有开车去超市, 才要找停车位，故确定答案填drive。C.检查复核：drive是动词。上半 句动词用was为过去时，所以本空也要用过去时“drove”。(3)A.上下寻宝：从上文(第一行第二句)可寻到“宝”：Tianlong supermarketB.判定答案:把“宝”代入句子中，意思完整,故确定答 案填supermarket。C.检查复核：supermarket此处是可数名词，但此处 没有复数的概念，不用+s。2 .搭配法根据短语，句型以及习惯用语的常用搭配来填词的方法。如:典彳列) With the environment becoming worse and worse, more and more people realize the importance of protecting the environment. But there are still some people paying less (1) to it. They are still doing something harmful to the environment.Last Sunday I went to the Plant Garden to enjoy (2). When I stepped into the gate of the garden, Ifelt comfortable at first because I could breathe the fresh air and enjoy the beautiful flowers and trees.But to my (3), I saw a man lying in a sleep net hanging (4)two trees. I thought this kind of behavior would hurt the trees. How could he make money by hurting the trees like this? Without trees, how could we get the fresh air? I don t know how to express my anger. I think (5) is our duty to protect the environment. So something must be done to stop this kind of behavior.【分析】：(1)A.寻找搭配：从空格前后我们可寻到短语搭配：payattention t。”。B.判定答案：由搭配可知，此处填attention一词。C.检查复核: attention代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且attention是不可数名词，不 用+s。(2)A.寻找搭配：从空格前我们可寻到短语搭配：enjoy oneself”。 B.判定答案：由搭配可知，此处缺了 oneself 一词。前面是I,所以此 处填myselfo C.检查复核：myself代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑，且 myself没有词形变化。3.前后关系判断法根据所填空的前后局部之间的关系来填词的方法。【典例】：At our school, we sometimes have a special day to help others. We call the day Volunteer Day” . On that day, we often go to the old people s home (1) help them do the housework. The old people were very happy (2) every year we organize this kind of activities several times. (3) we don t do much for them, they were thankful to us. They were lonely, they needed people to visit them often and chatted with them. (4) every one can do something for the lonely old people, they will be happier.【分析】：(1) A,分开关系局部或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子 分两局部。第一局部 “we often go tothe old people s home”。第二部 分“help them do the housework” .B.根据两局部之间关系，判定答案: 两局部之间是并列关系，要填and；或者第二局部“help themdo the housework是 we often go to the oldpeople, s home” 的目的。要填 too C,检查复核：and或to代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题 答案可填and或to。(2) A.分开关系局部或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子 分两局部。第一局部“the old peoplewere very happy。第二局部 uevery year we organize this kind ofactivities several times” ,根据两局部之间关系，判定答案：老人们很高 兴是因为每年我们有好几次组织这样的活动。所以两局部之间是因果关 系，此处要填表原因的词because。C.检查复核：because代入后，意 思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填because。(3) A.分开关系局部或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子 分两局部。第一局部we dont do much for them”。第二局部 “they were thankful to us.B.根据两局部之间关系，判定答案：虽然我们为他们做 的不多，但是他们对我们很感激。两局部之间是转折关系,故要填Though. C.检查复核：Though代入后，意思通顺，符合逻辑。所以此题答案可 填 Thougho(4) A.分开关系局部或句子：从所填空句子意思，我们可将句子 分两局部。第一局部 uevery one can do something for the lonely old people第二局部“they will be happier” .B.根据两局部之间关系， 判定答案：如果每个人都能为孤单老人做些事情，他们就会更高兴。所 以两局部之间是条件关系，要填Ifo C.检查复核：If代入后，意思通顺， 符合逻辑。所以此题答案可填If。三、强化练习1阅读短文，根据首字母或所给词的适当形式填空，使短文语意通顺。 (每题1分，共10分)We cant remember (61)(clear) since when we started to take our mobile phones to a dinner table. This happens a lot, especially when we eat out. Once (62) d come, we take out our mobile phones and take photos (63) i of lifting our chopsticks. Later; we post thephotos onto Webo or Wechat, (64)(wait) to be ked”. Then we checked our mobile phones from time to time during the meal, to see (65) w we get “liked or not. We just cannot leave our mobile phonesfor simply a meal.Does that sound familiar to you? Do you do that often? If not, how do you feel when others do that when having dinner with you?A recent study (66)(suggest) that what we are used to doing is not that good. Spending time taking photos of food makes the food less pleasant. So, (67) w not stop taking photos and just enjoy thefood ahead of you?Besides the (68) (science) result, there are also some other bad influences of taking photos of food before meals. After posting the photos onto the Internet, one will be unable to control himself and check his mobile phone many times. Z/Does everyone accept my photos? I hope a lot of people like them!” It seems like your mobile phone secretly class your name all the time, even when you are (69) w real people.So, next time you go out to have dinner, how about not taking photos of food? Let the food be delicious as it is and share your life with others. Trust me, and it will be a (70)(wonder) time.【主旨大意】本文是一篇议论文。文中例举了当前的一种普遍现象, 人们在餐桌旁不是马上就餐，不是和朋友聊聊天，而是首先拿起手机拍 照发微博或微信，然后做起了 “低头党”，作者认为这样严重影响就餐 并建议就餐时停止拍照玩手机，而是单纯的享受美食。61 .【答案】clearly remember为行为动词，后用副词修饰，故把 形容词clear改为副词clearly。62 .【答案】dishes由句意，一旦菜上上来了，人们开始取出手 机拍照，故填dishes。63 .【答案】instead instead of意为“代替；而不是”，即人们开 始取出手机拍照而不是拿起筷子。64 .【答案】waiting由上下文，发完微博或微信后，等着被“点 赞”，等待的动作之伴随而进行的，故填现在分词。65 .【答案】whether由句末or not可知此处应该填whether,意 为“去看是否被点赞”.66 .【答案】suggests A recent study为单数，故动词suggest用三 单式。67 .【答案】why Why not+动词原形？意为“为什么不.？”常 用于提建议。68 .【答案】scientific此处需用形容词修饰名词result,故把名词 science 改为形容词 scientifico.【答案】with be with意为和.在一起“。69 .【答案】wonderful / more wonderful由句意：相信我,那将是一段难忘（更难忘）的时光。2(2018糊北黄冈)综合填空(共10小题;每题1分，总分值10分)阅 读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (提示：每空不超过三个单词)Each different part of China has its own special forms of traditional art. These usually try to show the things 70 are important in life, such as love, beauty and family. The most common things, from paper to clay to bamboo, are turned into objects of beauty.According to Chinese history, sky lanterns were first used by Zhuge Kongming. He sent them out 71( ask) for help when in trouble. Today,sky lanterns are used at festivals and othercelebrations. They 72 (make) of bamboo and covered with paper. When the lanterns are lit, they slowly rise into the air like small hot-air blloons for all to see. They are seen as bright symbol of 73( happy) and good wishes.Paper cutting 74 (be) around for over 1500 years. Paper cuting sounds very easy 75 it can be difficult to do. The paper; usually red, is folded before it is cut with scissors. The most common pictures are flowers, animals, and things about Chinese history. During the Spring Festival, they are put on windows, doors and walls76symbols ofwishes for good luck and a happy new year.Chinese clay art is famous because the clay pieces are so small butthey look very real. The pieces are usually cute children or lively characters from a Chinese fairy tale or historical story. The pieces are 77 (careful) shaped by hand from a very special kind of clay and then allowed to air-dry. Afer 78 ( dry), they are fired at a very high heat. They are then polished and painted. It takes several weeks 79 ( complete) everything. These small pieces of clay art show the love that all Chinese people have for life and beauty.【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，它介绍了中国传统文化中具有代表性的孔明灯、 剪纸和泥塑等文化艺术。通过对传统中国文化元素的介绍，了解与中国 传统文化艺术有关的风俗习惯和文化背景。70 .【答案】that/which考查定语从句引导词。These usually try to show the things 70 are important in life, such as love, beauty and family.”意为“这些艺术形式通常尽力展示生活中重要的东西，例如爱、 美和家庭。”由句意推知空格后是一个定语从句修饰前面的things,定语 从句中修饰事物的引导词用that或which。71 .【答案】to ask 考查非谓语动词。“He sent them out 71 (ask) for help when in trouble.意为当处于困境时，他就放出孔明灯 求救。” ask与前面具有目的关系，英语中用动词不定式作目的状语。72 .【答案】are made考查一般现在时态的被动语态。“They72(make) of bamboo and covered with paper.” 意为“它们是用竹子做的， 外面用纸包裹着。，make和they具有被动关系，且根据前面判断句子 使用一般现在时态，故填are made。