高考英语备考：动词不定式的特殊用法.docx

高考英语备考：动词不定式的特殊用法我们在平时学习和复习备考时，除了理解动词不定式的基本常识和一般用法，还要掌 握其特殊的用法。一、不定式的否认式动词不定式的否认形式，通常是在不定式符号的前面加上否认副词not或never等。如 果是不带to的不定式，就直接在动词原形前面加上否认副词not或never等。例 1She pretended not(see) me when I passed by.答案：to see分析：因pretend to do sth可知填不定式，句中not to see是to see的否认形式。H列 2Mr. Smith warned her daughter never (drive) after drinking.答案:to drive分析：由warn sb to do sth可知填不定式，句中never to drive是to drive的否认式。 例 3Dinosaurs have completely diet out on the earth, never(find) again.答案：to be found分析：表示不如人意的结果用不定式，因Dinosaurs与find是被动关系，用不定式的被动式;句中never to be found是to be found的否认式。例 4They boys mother made him not(play) computer games at home allday long.答案：play分析：由make sb do sth可知填省略to的不定式，即play。句中not play是play的 否认式。二、不定式的省略不定时的省略主要分为两种情况，一是不定式符号to后的动词局部的省略;二是不定式 符号to的省略。1. 不定式符号to后的动词局部的省略。(1) 当不定式在 like, love, care, hope, wish, expect, refuse, mean, try, prefer等后作宾语时，有时为了防止与前文重复，可以把不定式中的动词局部省略，只保 留不定式符号to。例 5Would you like to go camping with us on the coming Sunday?Yes, rd like.答案：to分析：本句为省略句，补全句子为：Id like to go camping with you on the coming Sundayo(2) 当不定式在ask, tell, advise, allow, permit等后作宾补时，为了防止与前 文重复，可以把不定式中的动词局部省略，只保存不定式符号to。例 6She wanted to come to our party but her parents didnt allow her.答案：to分析：本句为省略句，补全句子为：but her parents didnt allow her to come to our party。 例 7They boy wanted to ride in the street, but his mother told him not.答案：to分析：不定式not to是not to ride in the street的省略形式。(3) 蚩不定式在 happy, glad, eager, anxious, able, willing, ready 等形容 词后作状语时，为了防止重复，可以把不定式中的动词局部省略，只保存不定式符号t。例 8l wanted to get in touch with her but I wasnt able.答案：to分析：本句为省略句,补全句子为：but I wasnt able to get in touch with hero(4) 当不定式符号to后的动词原形是have或be时,在省略句中通常要保存动词have 或be,其后面的成分仍然可省略。例 9Mary is a fine singer as her mother used (be).答案：to be分析：本句为省略句，补全句子为：as her mother used to be a fine singer。例 10He did not come to my wedding party, but he ought(have).答案:to have分析：本句为省略句，补全句子为：but he ought to have come,2. 不定式符号to的省略。(1) 当两个或多个不定式并列(常有and, or, but, than等并列连词)使用时， 通常只在第一个不定式前加to,而后面的不定式之前的to常可以省略。例 11 Shed like to take off her coat and(have) a rest.答案：Have分析：and前后是两个并列的动词不定式，后面的不定式可以省略to。但是如果并列的前后不定式具有比照含义时，第二个不定式to也不能省略。例 12l havent decided to stay at home or(travel) to Beijing this Summerholiday.答案：to travel分析：to stay at home与to travel to Beijing这两个并列的动词不定式有明显的比照含 义，因此，第二个不定式to不能省略。(2) 在个别情况下，有的动词后面的动词不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保存。例 13She may go hiking with us this weekend if she likes.答案：(to)分析：条件状语从句是省略句，句中的动词like后不定式符号to可以省略，也可以保 留。补全句子为 if she likes to go hiking with us this weekendo例 14What you have to do first is(clean) the classroom.答案：(to) clean分析:不定式作表语，用来解释主语中do的精确含义时，动词不定式符号to可以省略， 也可以保存。(3) 动词不定式在感官动词 feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make后作宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略，如果 这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号to就不能省略。例 15We often see the children(play) on the ground in our school.答案：play分析：由see sb do sth可知，填play。例 16The boss was so cruel that he often made the boy(work) for twelvehours a day.答案：Work分析：由make sb. do sth.可知，动词不定式作使役动词make的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to要省略。故填work,H列 17The boy felt very poor because he was made(work) for twelve hoursa day by his boss.答案：to work分析：由 be made to do sth 可知，填 to worko三、there to be与there being形式的用法区别我们可以从以下三个方面对there to be和there being进行比拟并加以区别。1. 作介词的补足成分。如果在for后，通常用there to be;假设是在其它介词后，那么要用there being例 18It was unusual for there(be) so few people in the streets this evening.答案：to be分析：由there be前面的介词for可知，应是there to beo例 19John was relying on there (be) another opportunity.答案：being分析：因there be前是介词on而不是for,应用there beingo2. 在 expect, mean, want, like, prefer, hate, consider, intend 等后作宾语时，通常用there to be结构。例 20They expect there(be) no argument about this.答案：to be分析：由there be前面的动词expect可知，应是there to beo例 21l shall prefer there(be) a football game on the weekend.答案:to be分析：山there be前面的动词prefer可知，应是there to be。3. 作主语和状语，通常用there being结构。例 22 There(be) a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.答案：being分析：当there be结构作主语时，要用there being形式。例 23 There(be) nothing else to do, we went home.答案：being分析：当there be结构作状语时，要用there being形式。