专题训练：语法填空.doc

岳阳县四中 高三英语备课组
专题训练：语法填空
一、 解题步骤：
（1） 略读全文抓大意。
（2） 从句子结构的完整性去思考该填哪类词。
（3） 从句子意思的完整性去思考具体填哪个词。
（4） 根据前后句子之间的逻辑关系确定填适当的并列连词或从句的引导词。
（5） 先易后难，等容易的做好后再考虑难题。
（6） 做完后再通读一遍，认真检查，确保拼写准确，书写规范，大小写正确。
二、 考纲摘录：
该部分与完形填空所需时间约为30分钟。
第二节：共10小题，每小题1.5分。200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，分纯空格题，填1个单词（约3题）和给提示词，用其正确形式填空（约7题）。
三、 考点分析：

考
点
新课标卷I
新课标卷II
2015年
2014年
2015年
2014年

纯
空
格
冠词

1
1

介词
1

1
1
连
词
并列连词

1

1
从句连词
1
1
1

关联副词（时间/逻辑）
1

助动词及其他

1

给

词

题
谓语动词（时态、语态、语气、主谓一致）
2
1
1
1
非谓语
动词
to do

1
1
1
doing
1
1
1
2
done
1

1
1
词
类
转
换
adj.→adv.
1
1
1
1
vt. →adj.

n. →adj.

1
1

adj. → n.

1

比较等级

1

名词复数
1
1

两可
代词（格，物主“性”）
1

1
四、 命题揭秘： “三个四”
四个必考点：
四个常考点：
四个可考点：

五、 考题解析：
Ⅰ、纯空格类：
考点一：冠词
(2014卷I·63) Now, years later, this river is one of _____ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.
(2014广东卷) She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _____ top floor.
(2013广东卷) In the beginning, there was only _____very small amount of unfairness in the world…
[解题技巧]
下列情况很可能填不定冠词（a/an）：
(1)________+可数名词(单数)；
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
e.g: The new research may be an important clue.
下列情况下很可能填定冠词(the)：
(1) ________ (+定语)+名词+ 介词短语(表示特指)/定语从句(表示特指)/不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)
e.g: the attractive actress in red/ (who is )wearing a dress
(2) ________+序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时。
[考点练透]
▲As we all know, it’s one of _____ nicest parks in the country.
▲A little knowledge can make ____ difference at a time of life or death.
▲Every morning he walks in the open air for ____ hour.
▲Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by _____ hour.

考点二：介词
(2015卷I·66) For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away _____ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.
(2015卷II·67) ____ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
(2014卷II·44) When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next ___ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk.
[解题技巧]
当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。
掌握一些常用介词的用法、含义和固定搭配；
介词可位于名词之前。如at night, on Sunday等；
可位于形容词之后，如be interested in, be good at等；
可位于不及物动词之后，如listen to, arrive at, look for等。
[考点练透]
(2012广东卷) The new boy looked at the teacher _____ a few seconds and…
(2013广东卷) The only reason a man would sell salt ______a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.
(2009广东卷)She found some good quality pipes ____ sale.
(2008广东卷) He was very tired ______ doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy.

考点三:连词
(2008广东卷) He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _____ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.
(2013广东卷) Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much ______ too little.
(2015广东卷) One day, the cow was eating grass _______ it began to rain heavily.
[解题技巧]
1. 若并列的两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，可根据前后部分是联合关系(and)、选择关系(or)还是转折关系(but)，填恰当的并列连词。
e.g: Know more words and expressions ____ you will find it easier to read and communicate.
并
列
连词
并列关系
and, when (=and just at that time), not only…but also, neither…nor, both… and
转折关系
but, while（而，尽管）, yet, not…but
选择关系
or, either…or, otherwise, or else(否则，要不然)
因果关系
for, so
2. 当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,就填关联词。具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。要分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型。
(1)在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句。
(2)作定语叫定语从句。
(3)表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句。
e.g: The movie won several awards at the film festival, _____ was beyond his wildest dream.
3. 还要考虑引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点。如：
(1)引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的。
(2)引导名词性从句的that没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时填that;而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分; who, whom, which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分。
[考点练透]
(2012广东卷) ____ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
(2012广东卷)Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, ________ made her feel like a star.
(2011广东卷) My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ________ the bus arrived.

考点四:关联副词
(2015卷I) It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours__________, I’d been at home in Hong Kong…
(2014样卷) Alan: Oh, it must have been Dad. I’m sure he was in the kitchen earlier.
Mum: No, he went off to his tennis match before I finished making them, so he couldn’t have done it. __________, he couldn’t carry a plate of sandwiches as well as all his tennis stuff, so I’m sure it wasn’t him.
[解题技巧]
1.时间性副词
由考查过的a few hours before /earlier可联想到，也许会考a few hours ago(几小时前), ten minutes later(十分钟后), afterwards(后来), the day after(次日), the day before(前一日), I had met him before (在那之前我就见过他了), than before (比以前), than ever(比以前), than ever before (比以往任何时候), since (从那时以来)，ever since (从那时起到现在), and then(然后), till then(直到那时), by then(到那时为止), just then(就在那个时候), from then on (从那时起)等。
2.逻辑性副词
由考过的anyway(无论如何)可联想到，也许会考anyhow (=anyway, 无论如何，至少), however(然而), therefore(因此), thus(因此), besides (而且，还有), though (可是，然而), too, also, instead等。
[考点练透]
▲Geoff didn’t study law. ________, he decided to become an actor.
▲For all your explanations, I understand no better than ________.
▲He dropped out of school and disappeared two weeks _______.

考点五：助动词及其他
(2014卷II·68) Then the driver stood up and asked, “_______anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
▲He doesn’t smoke and neither ______ he drink.
▲Only then ____ he realize that he had been wrong.
[解题技巧]
1.疑问句的结构：(疑问词+) be动词/情态动词/助动词(do,does,did) +主语+谓语动词+…?
2.部分倒装句的结构：与一般疑问句的结构相同。
3.谓语动词的强调式：当谓语动词为一般过去时或一般现在时，可用do, does, did来强调。
4.有可能要求考生填it或that,以构成it is/ was…that…这个强调句型。
5.为避免与前面谓语动词的重复所用的替代动词do, does, did。
[考点练透]
▲We should do everything we _____ to protect the environment.
▲Please! ______ be quiet a moment!
▲It is because he works very hard _____ he has made such great progress.

Ⅱ、给词题类：
考点六：谓语动词
(2015卷I·61) It was raining lightly when I _________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care.
(2008广东卷) Being too anxious to help an event develop often _______ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
(2015广东卷) He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave).
[解题技巧]
当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。
确定时态的四条依据：
(1) 依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去/现在/将来)，空格要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。
(2) 依据并列谓语动词的时态一致。
(3) 依据时间状语。如recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, in the past few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of, since 1980, for three years常与完成时连用。
(4) 依据固定句式。
▲This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner.这是我第二次同外国人讲话。
▲It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。
▲Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，就开动了。
▲I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang.我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。
▲I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。
▲I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in.我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。
▲I was on the point of going out when the phone rang.我正要出去，电话响了。
[考点练透]
▲There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _____________ (interrupt) me that evening.
▲It is reported that a space station _____ (build) on the moon in years to come.
▲He insisted that he _____ (be) not ill, but the doctor insisted that he ________(take) the medicine.

考点七：非谓语动词
(2015卷II·64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without ______ (use) electric equipment.
(2015卷II·66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day.
(2014卷II·43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and ______________ (disappoint).
[解题技巧]
当句中已有谓语动词，横线前又没有并列连词与括号中的动词并列时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。此时，就要根据非谓语动词的用法确定用具体的某种形式(doing, done, to do)。
1.作主语
(1)作主语通常用动名词(一般)或不定式形式(具体)。
(2)用不定式或动名词作主语的特殊句型。
▲It takes some time to do sth.
▲It is +adj.+ for sb. to do sth.
▲It is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth.
▲It is no use/good doing sth.
2.作宾语
(1)在介词后作宾语一般只用动名词。
(2) 熟读牢记只能接不定式和只能接动名词的动词或短语动词。
(3) 接不定式与接动名词意思有差别的动词或短语动词也必须注意。
3.作定语
要根据与逻辑主语的关系，是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系就用过去分词。若是表示未来的情况(发生在谓语动词之后)或表示“有……要……”用动词不定式，在最高级或“序数词(+名词)”后或在ability, chance, way等抽象名词后作定语也要用不定式。
4.作状语
(1) 在形容词后作状语用不定式。（e.g. ….(not) enough to do sth.）
(2) 作目的状语也只能用不定式。
(3) 作伴随状语要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。
5. 作补语
(1) 要根据与逻辑主语的关系，用现在分词(主动)或过去分词(被动)。
这类句型还有：
△see /watch / observe / hear sb. doing sth.看见/观看/观察到/听到某人正在做某事
△see /watch / observe / hear sb. do sth.看见/观看/观察到/听到某人做某事(全过程)
△find /feel /catch sb. doing sth.发现/感觉/撞见某人在做某事
△let /make /have sb. do sth.让/使某人做某事
(2) 熟读牢记用不定式作宾补的固定搭配,如：ask/beg/invite/tell/encourage/remind/inspire/
urge/require/request/advise/convince/persuade/appoint/cause/force/promise/warn/allow/
permit/prohibit/forbid/wish/desire/expect/would like/want/call on sb. to do sth.
6.注意作形容词用的情感类ing分词(令人……的)与ed分词(感到……的)的差别。
7. 固定句式中的非谓语动词，如：Vt+sb.+for doing sth.
[考点练透]
(2014卷II·41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about ______ (be) late for school.
▲Tu Youyou, an 84-year-old female scientist, became the first Chinese citizen ________(win) a Nobel Prize in science on Oct. 5, 2015.
▲Happiness is the ability ________ (make) the most of what we have.
▲_________ (satisfy) with what he did, the teacher praised him in class.

考点八：词类转换
(2015卷II·63) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.
(2015卷II·65) Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat _______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.
(2015广东卷) ________(lucky), he had a cow which produced milk every day.
[解题技巧]
当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时,就需要词类转换。这类题一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：
1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。
2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。
3. 作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式。
4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，或放在句首修饰全句，用副词。空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可知是修饰全句，用副词作状语
5. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，而可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀，也可能用其比较级或最高级。
注意： 解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。
[考点练透]
▲But Jane knew from past experience that her ______ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
▲In Alaska, the wolf almost ____________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
▲I consider it _______(use) for us to use English-English dictionary.

考点九：比较等级
(2014新课标卷I·46) Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ________ (clean) than ever.
(2012广东卷) It might have made it a little ________ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but…
(2010广东卷) “…The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _________ (sweet).”
[解题技巧]
当括号中所给词是形容词或副词，且空格处需要的仍是形容词或副词时，要根据语境,理解句意，若该词意思不变，逻辑上讲得通,就很可能填该词的比较级或最高级。
注意： 要善于分析语境,辨别省略了than…的隐性比较级。
若需要用与该词意义相反的意思，逻辑才通顺的，就要在该词前加表示否定或相反意义的前缀或后缀。
[考点练透]
▲Your yard is big, but I think theirs is ________(big).
▲Once a habit is formed, it is difficult, and sometimes __________ (possible), to get rid of. ▲It is therefore very important that we pay great attention to the formation of habits.
(2011广东卷) I left it early because I had an appointment ______ (late) that day.

考点十：名词
(2015卷I·65) …seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _________ (painting).
(2014卷I·49) While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the _________(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river.
[解题技巧]
如果括号中所给词是名词，又是在句中作主语或宾语时，就无需作词类转换，应考虑是否需要用复数形式。注意：也有可能要考名词的所有格。
[考点练透]
▲We will be exploring different __________ (approach) to gathering information.
▲He distinguished himself as a student at the ________ (city) leading school.
▲Sometimes they attribute their ________ (student) poor comprehension to a lack of intelligence.

考点十一：代词
(2011广东卷)Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes _____ walked away and sat near me，looking annoyed.
(2014广东卷)Last year, my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation. Some of my friends who had been there before said ___ was a wonderful holiday destination.
(2015广东卷) Now it occurred to ____ (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
[解题技巧]
1. 当括号中所给词是人称代词时，可能是填：
（1）宾格形式：在句中作宾语或表语。
(2) 形容词性物主代词：在名词前作定语。
(3) 名词性物主代词：作主语、宾语或表语。
(4) 也可能是反身代词。
2. 在纯空格题中：
(1) 句子缺主语时，可能填：① 人称代词主格；② 不定代词；③ it，包括填作形式主语的it，替代后面作真正主语的不定式、动名词或从句。
[考点练透]
▲The young man went home with a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let ________ student taste the water.
▲… although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _____(he).
▲It is said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty (960～1279) was very anxious to help _____(he) rice crop grow up quickly.

六、 题型练习：
One of my father's favorite  1  (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something, 2  it might be, until after I tried it. 
Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my  3 (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided 
to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career. 
4  (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get  5  (marry), 
stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't  6  more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that  7  (begin) 
level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the
Company into  8  (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with 
the thought, “Well, I'll try it;  9  I don't like it, I can always go back to 
my  10  (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 
years.

Keys: 1. sayings 2. whatever 3. acceptance 4. Actually 5. married 6. have been 7.beginning 8. different 9. if 10. earlier
9