2022年职称英语考试综合A真题及答案解析.docx

职称英语综合A真题第一某些:词汇选项(第115题,每题1分,共15分) 下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线,请为每处画线某些拟定1个意义最为接近选项。1. Only people over 18 are (eligible) to vote.A. honestB. qualifiedC. enabledD. clever2. The latest car model (embodies) the new research development.A. listsB. includesC. borrowsD. broadens3. The coastal area has very (mild) winter, but the central plains remain extreme cold.A. severeB. hardC. warmD. dry4. She is an artist whose work will undoubtedly (withstand) the test of time.A. gradeB. attractC. bearD. suffer5. However a (shabby) thin overcoat in the cold winter so that he fell ill.A. oldB. bigC. newD. small6. The weather was so (gorgeous) that many people went outing.A. uncontrollableB. pleasantC. cloudyD. unbearable7. Competitors must (abide) by the judges decision.A. keepB. readC. understandD. obey8. The umbrella was (ingeniously) devised to fold up into the pocket.A. seriouslyB. cleverlyC. attentivelyD. carefully9. Some newspapers in the west are (notably) biased.A. especiallyB. whollyC. totallyD. fairly10. His answer were (obscure) and confusing.A. unclearB. obviousC. clearD. direct11. The way she looked after her young sister was really (touching).A. disturbingB. connectingC. movingD. waving12. We are worried about this (fluid) situation full with uncertainty.A. stable B. suitableC. changeableD. adaptable13. They have built canals to(irrigate) thedesert.A. decorate B. changeC. visit D. water14. The details of the costume were totally(authentic).A. outstanding B. realC. creative D. false15. The new(garment)fits her perfectly.A. clothesB. haircutC. purse D. necklace第二某些:阅读判断(第1622题,每题1分,共7分) 下面短文列出了7个句子,请依照短文内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供是对的信息,请选取A;如果该句提供是错误信息,请选取B;如果该句信息文中没有提及,请选取C。Income TaxFor many young Americans, graduating from college means finding a job, moving out the dorm room and beginning to register ones annual earnings with the US government.That last item is the law, though sometimes its a hassle(难事) to obey.Independent tax advisor Bob Gilbert calls the US income tax system “amazingly complicated”. But he adds that “very little of the complicated tax law applies to young people who are just being their careers”. According to Gilbert, 80 to 90 percent of Americans are not really burdened by the systems complications.Still, all the numbers and forms can be a little confusing to those who are just starting their careers. Some pull out their calculators and try to do the math alone. Some use income tax software. Others just hand the whole responsibility over to tax firms like Gilberts.According to income tax law expert Linda Beale, young people will often follow their parents lead when filing their income tax forms.“Young people who grow up in wealthy households typically use professional tax services because their parents have always done so,” said Beale, a professor at Wayne State University in Michigan State.“On the other hand, most poorer young people probably try to do their own taxes, unless they want a quick refund with the help of a tax advisor.”In fact, obeying the law has its benefits. For one, many young people can expect a tax refund. This means that, over the course of the year, they have paid too much in monthly federal or state taxed and are entitled to the difference.Bob Thalman, a 20-year-old university student,expects he will get a refund of about $100, which will probably go in the bank, or perhaps be used to pay for car insurance or credit card bills.Thalman called the whole process a “hassle”, but added that he didnt want to test the law by not filing his income tax papers.“Im worried about what would happen if I failed to file,” he said.”I know one individual who did not report his income tax for many years, and hes now in federal prison. I certainly dont want that”.16. A college student with a part-time job is not required to file an income tax form.A. RightB. Wrong C. Not mentioned17. The US income tax system does not wholly apply to a college graduate who is just beginning his or her career.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Its pretty easy for a beginner to report his or her income tax.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. When young people file their income tax forms, they will often follow in their parents footsteps.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. Young people from poorer families neednt file their income tax forms.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. If one has failed to report his or her income tax for quite a few years, he or she may be put in prison.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The US income tax system will be simplified in the next few years.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第三某些:概况大意与完毕句子(第2330题,每题1分,共8分) 下面短文后有2项测试任务:(1)第2326题规定从所给6个选项中为第25段每段选取1个最佳选项标题;(2)第2730题规定从所给6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。Tunguska Event1. A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped open the dawn sky above a forest of western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2. A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometres. The fireball was so great that a day later, Londoners could read their newspapers under the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after the nearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3. Experts suspect it was a rock that, after travelling in space for millions of years was destined to crash to Earth at exactly 7:17a.m. on June 30,1908. This possibility worries scientists. Imagine an unspotted asteroid hitting a significant chunk of land. and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, was populated, the British science journal Nature commented recently.4. But no fragments of the “rock” have ever been found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientist will have to decide whether to try to deflect it or blow it up in space.5. However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang kundt, a professor at Germanys Bonn University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane-rich gas from deep within the earths crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.A. Unknown AttacksB. Importance of Finding EvidenceC. Competing ExplanationD. Star WarE. Mysterious ExplosionF. Explanation that Worries Scientists23. Paragraph 2 _E_24. Paragraph 3 _F_25. Paragraph 4 _B_26. Paragraph 5 _C_27. The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago _C_.28. The shock wave which followed the dazzling light _D_.29. The hypothesis, that the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth _A_.30. Wolfgang kundt, who has developed an alternative theory, _E_.A. lacks sufficient evidenceB. will kill many animalsC. has remained a puzzleD. was generated by the explosionE. is a university professorF. are attacked by aliens第四某些:阅读理解(第3045题,每题3分,共45分) 下面有3篇短文,每篇短文后有5道题。请依照短文内容,为每题拟定1个最佳选项。第一篇:Dont Rely on Indirect Evidence Conservationists may be miscalculating the numbers of the threatened animals such as elephants, say African and American researchers. The error occurs because of a flaw in the way they estimate animal numbers from the piles of dung(粪)the creatures leave behind.The mistake could 1ead researchers to think that there are twice as many elephants as there really are in some regions according to Andrew Plumptre of the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS) in New YorkBiologist Katy Payne of Cornell University in Ithaca,New York,agrees.“We really need to know elephant numbers and the evidence that we have is quite indirect,” says Payne, who electronically tracks elephants.Counting elephants from aeroplanes is impossible in the vast rainforests of Central Africa. So researchers often estimate elephant numbers by counting dung piles in a given area. They also need to know the rate at which dung decays Because its extremely difficult to determine these rates, however, researchers counting elephants in one region tend to rely on standard decay rates established elsewhere.But researchers at the WCS have found that this decay rate varies from region to region depending on the climate and environment. Using the wrong values can lead the census astray(歧途), says Plumptre.He and his colleague Anthony Chifu Nchanji studied decaying elephant dung in the forests of Banyang-Mbo Wildlife Sanctuary(禁猎区) in southwest Cameroon. They found that the dung decayed between 55 and 65 per cent more slowly than the dung in the rainforests of neighbouring Gabon. If researchers use decay rates from Gabon to count elephants in Cameroon, they would probably find more elephants than are actually around.This could mean estimates in Cameroon are at least twice as high as those derived from decay rates calculated locally, says Plumptre. “However accurate your dung density estimate is the decay rate can severely affect the result.”Plumptre also says that the dung-pile census should be carried out over a region similar in size to an elephants natural range. The usual technique of monitoring only small,protected areas distorts numbers because elephants move in and out of these regions., he says. “If the elephant population increases within the protected area, you can not determine whether it is a real increase or whether it is due to elephants moving in because they are being poached(偷猎)outside.”Plumptre says that similar problems may also plague other animal census studies that rely on indirect evidence such as nests, tracks or burrows(地洞).31. The word “threatened” in Paragraph 1 means_.A. frightenedB. angered C. killedD. endangered 32. The way elephant numbers are estimated is_.A. technicalB. theoreticalC. unhelpfulD. mistaken33. Counting piles of elephant dung is not reliable because they differ in_.A. sizeB. shapeC. track locationD. decay rate34. According to Plumptre, a dung-pile census should be conducted in a_.A. nature rangeB. small regionC. protected areaD. monitored place35. In making an animal census study, Plumptre advises researchers not to rely on_.A. monitoring techniquesB. electrical devicesC. aeroplanesD. indirect evidence第二篇:Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-destructScientists have long understood that supermassive (超大质量) black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black holes gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris(巴黎天文台) in Meudon, France1, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate stars life,as it veered towards a supermassive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake(薄饼) shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. “There will be an explosion of the starit will be completely destroyed,” Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates(使消失) the star, it saves some of the stars matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the stars matter out of the black holes reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling(旋转) into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Hatpern of Columbia University in New York, US. “It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough,” he says.36. What would take place if a star gets too close to a black hole?A. The star would veer away from the black hole.B. The black hole would reduce its own size considerably.C. The flattening process would reduce the stars density.D. The black hole would rip the star apart.37. According to Paragraph 3, researchers differed in the likelihood of generating_.A. star densityB. nuclear explosionC. shock wavesD. the uneven forces38. According to Paragraph 4, the new simulations favored_.A. the creation of a new starB. the formation of a new black holeC. a nuclear explosionD. the enlargement of the star39. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A. The stars matter will move further away from by the black hole.B. The torn stars matter will swirl into the black hole.C. The black holes matter will heat up.D. The black holes matter will devour ultraviolet light and X-rays.40. The word “disruption” in Paragraph 6 means_.A. tearing apartB. eruptionC. interruptionD. flattening第三篇:Sports Star Yao MingIf Yao Ming is not the biggest sports star in the world, he is almost certainly the tallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to compete in the Games.But what really stands out about the giant center is his celebrity(名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletes are as well-known as Yao around the world. People across the globe are fascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(杰出才干)also for being a symbol of international commerce.When Yao joined the Houston Rockets as the No.1 pick in the NBA draft(选抜), he was the first international p