语法专题七：虚拟语气.doc

语法专题七：虚拟语气1. 规则虚拟：即含if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if从句主句对将来did(were) / were to + do / should + dowould / could / might / should + do对现在did(were)同上对过去had donewould / could / might / should + have done注意：1) 交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。2) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。3) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。 4) 介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for, in the absence of (如果没有), or, otherwise2. 表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do 适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。 注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。3. wish等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格： 即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟：should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意） could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做） neednt have done 本没必要做 (实际做了)would like / love to have done would rather have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)had better have done 5. 句型：1) If it were not for, I would / should / might / could + do “要不是，我现在就。”（对现在的虚拟） If it had not been for, I would / should / might / could + have done. “要不是，我当时就。”（对过去的虚拟） 2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + 从句 It is a shame / pity / no wonder+ 从句. 以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do 3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /+ to do 本希望 / 打算做(但未做成)巩固练习：1. -If he _, he _ that food. -Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken2. _ computer not be used tomorrow, it would take us a long time to do the job.A. Should B. Were C. Had D. May3. The law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year.A. has B. have C. will have D. shall have4. Their words suggested they _ tired, and I suggest we _ the further training.A. are; put off B. were; put off C. had; put off D. were; shall put off5. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. He acted as if he _ the boss.A. should have given; were B. might have given; had been C. may have given; had been D. may give; was6. His proposal is that the machine _ at once.A. is stopped B. would be stopped C. be stopped D. is being stopped7. -Where _? -I got stuck in the heavy traffic, or I _ here earlier.A. did you go; had arrived B. were you; would comeC. are; was D. have you been; would have been8. Look at the trouble I am in! If only I _ your advice. A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow9. The doctor insisted that the patient _ seriously ill and _ operated on at once. A. be; be B. was; was C. was; be D. be; was10. -Have you visited the Great Wall of China? -No, but I wish I _. A. will B. had C. have D. did11. -Shall I tell them the news? -No, I would rather they _ know it. A. wont B. dont C. wouldnt D. didnt12. As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. A. neednt B. maynt C. cant D. mustnt13. Isnt it time that you _ someones life _ easier? A. will make; a bit B. made; a lot of C. made; a bit D. have; a little14. - I thought you were coming back from Shanghai next week. - Oh, I _ to stay there for one more week, but I changed my mind. A. would have intended B. intend C. had intended D. have intended15. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what16. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone17. - How I want to have studied harder when I was in school. - If you had, you _ work into late every day nowadays. Anyhow, better late than never. A. dont B. wouldnt C. didnt D. wont18. Without your help, our team _ the last match. A. wont win B. will lose C. wouldnt have won D. cant have lose19. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. was C. are D. be 20. Our geography teacher has never been abroad, but he often talks as if he _ to many countries. A. had been B. should have been C. would have been D. has been虚拟语气：BABBACDCCBDACCBDBCCA3