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单数句变复数句六绝招.doc

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单数句变复数句六绝招 单数句变复数句是七年级英语试题中的一个题类,小学英语一般很少涉猎,进入初中,有的同学在做类似题时往往丢三落四,容易出错。只要注意下面的六要素,问题便迎刃而解: 1.人称代词主格单数变成相应的人称代词主格复数,即I→we;you→you;she,he,it→they。 如: She is a girl.→ They are girls. 2. am, is 变为 are。 如: I'm a student. →We are students. 3.不定冠词 a, an 要去掉。如: He is a boy. → They are boys. 4.普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如: It is a cat. →They are cats. 5.指示代词 this, that 变为 these, those。如: This is a book.→ These are books. 6. man, woman 作定语修饰可数名词时,要在 "数"上与被修饰名词保持一致。但其他名词修饰名词表示 "性质"时,不作变化。如: He is a man doctor.→They are men doctors. This is an apple tree.→They are apple trees. ※记住单数句变复数句的口诀。 单数句子变复数,变化规则要记住。 名词代词要变化,am, is 要变are。 this, that 该咋办,these, those 替代它。 he, she, it 要变啥,全部变 they 就行了。 I要变 we 别落下,名词后面把 s/es加。 名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。 但是,在英语中有些单数句不能变为复数句,如:Lily is fourteen.(莉莉十四岁。)His name is Jim.(他的名字叫吉姆。)等。 单数句变复数句练与析 安徽巢湖 ●万小泉 同学们都会把单数可数名词变为复数形式,可当我们在做“将单数句变为复数句”这种题目时,常常会“顾此失彼”,出现不少错误。你难道不例外吗?那就Have a try! 【练习展示】 ●将下列单数句改为复数句。 1. This is a chair. 2. Is that a pencil-box? 3. He is a good boy. 4. Is it a ruler ? 5. I am an English teacher. 6. This is my new book. 7. That blue eraser is mine. 8. What’s this in English? 9. I am a driver. 10. She has a pencil sharpener. 11. Is it a pear ? 12. This is my pen. 13. He likes his bike. 14. Is that an apple tree? 15. He is a man doctor. 16. What’s your telephone number? 17. Where is your computer? 18. Are you in Class One? 19. --Is that his brother? --No, it isn’t. 20. --Is she my teacher? --Yes, she is. 21. I am at home. 22. He can have a look at this picture. ●上面练习做得还顺手吗?还是看看专家是如何解析吧! 【专家解析】单数句变复数句涉及名词和动词的人称和数,人称代词、物主代词、指示代词的人称和数的问题。单数句变为复数句时,上述各类词都要做相应变化,其它词类不变。当然,也有一些特殊的情况。   1. These are (some) chairs. 2. Are those (any) pencil-boxes? ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,指示代词需要作相应的变化: this→these, that→these。第1、2小题即是如此。 3. They are (some) good boys. 4. Are they (any) rulers? 5. We are English teachers. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,人称代词需要作相应的变化:   主格:I→we, you→you, he/she/it→they   宾格:me→us, you→you, him/her/it→them。第3、4、5小题即是如此。 6. These are our (my) new books. 7. Those blue erasers are ours. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,物主代词需要作相应的变化: 形容词性物主代词:my→our, your→your, his/her/its→their   名词性物主代词:mine→ours, yours→yours, his/her/its→theirs。第6、7小题即是如此。 8. What are these in English? 9. We are (some) drivers. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,连系动词be需要作相应的变化: (be)am/is→are。第8、9小题即是如此。 10. They have (some) pencil sharpeners. 11. Are they (any) pears? ■a/an表示“一个”,只能用在单数可数名词之前,在把单数句子变为复数句子时,一定要把a/an去掉,或改为some/any。第10、11小题即是如此。 12. These are my pens. 13. They like their bikes. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,一般情况下,形容词性物主代词不需要改为复数形式。第12小题即是如此;但是当句中形容词性物主代词与句中的主语一致时,该物主代词应随主语人称的改变而变化,仍要保持一致。第13小题即是如此。 14. Are those (any) apple trees. 15. They are (some) men doctors. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,起修饰作用(作定语)的名词一般保持不变,只将其后的名词改为复数形式。第14小题(如apple)即是如此;但是,若man或 woman做定语修饰可数名词时,在整个句子变成复数的情况下也要变成 men 或women。第15小题即是如此。 16. What are your telephone numbers? 17. Where are your computers? 18. Are you in Class One? ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,第二人称形容词性物主代词your与其人称代词you单复数同形,因此只需要改变其他部分的单复数形式即可。如第16、17、18小题即是。 19. --Are those their brothers? --No, they aren’t. 20. --Are they our teachers? --Yes, they are. ■在把单数句子变为复数句子时,句式不能改变,即单数句子是疑问句,变为复数句子时仍然是疑问句。第19、20小题即是。 21. We are at home. 22. They can have a look at these pictures. ■凡事都有特殊情况,在把单数句子变为复数句子时,一些固定短语(如at home,have a look等)中的单数可数名词是不可以改变的,仍然保留原先的单数形式。如第21小题中的home,第22小题中的look即是如此。 【解题口诀】 当同学们掌握了名词变复数的基本方法之后,再记住下面的口诀。相信——单数句变复数句这一语法难点便会迎刃而解。 单数句子变复数,变化规则要记住。 名词代词要变化,am, is要变are。 this, that变成啥,these, those来替它。 he, she, it要变啥,全部变they不用怕。 I变we莫落下,名词后面把-s/-es加。 名前冠词去掉它,其余成分原样加。 名词定语别管它,man与woman是例外。 一般规则照着用,固定短语分清楚。 单数句变复数句 单数句变复数句歌谣: 单数句变复数句, 代词四变要记住。 人称,指示,反身变 物主代词看一看。 连系动词 am is 变成 are。 冠词a an要去掉,改为some,any也可以。 名词做定语,介宾不要变;有man和woman也例外。 句式不要变,十全十美题做完。 1人称代词由单数变复数: 1 主格 I we ,you you ,he/she/it they . 2 宾格me us ,you you ,him/her/it them . 例1 She is a girl . They are girls . 例2 I like her. We like them. 2 指示代词由单数变复数: this these , that those 例1 This is a book . These are(some)books . 例2 Is that a pen? Are those(any)pens? 3 反身代词: 第一人称 myself ourselves     第二人称 yourself yourselves    第三人称 himself themselves    ( herself, itself ) 例1 I am teaching myself computer. We are teaching ourself computer.    例2 The child himself draws this picture. The children themselves draw these pictures.    4 物主代词由单数变复数: 1 名词性物主代词:mine ours ,yours yours , his/hers/its theirs 2 形容词性物主代词:my our,your your , his/her/its their 例1 The book is mine. The books are ours. 例2 This is her pen. These are their pens. 5 一般情况下,形容词性物主代词在单数句变复数句时不变。 例1 This is my book . These are my books . 6 当句中形容词性物主代词与句中的主语一致时,形容词性物主代词 应随主语人称的变化而变化, 仍要保持一致。 例1 He likes his bike. They like their bikes. 7 连系动词由单数变复数 :is/am are 例1 I am a teacher. We are(some) teachers. 8 a/an表示一个,只能用在单数名词前,当单数句变复数句时, 一定要把a/an去掉,或改为some/any。 例1 This is a book . These are(some)books . 例2 Is that a pen? Are those(any)pens? 9 当名词作定语或在介词短语中作介词宾语充当除宾语以外的 其它成分时, 该名词不变。 例1 He is a boy student .They are(some)boy students. (man和woman)除外。 例2 She is a woman worker. They are(some)women workers. 10 单数句变为复数句时,句式不能改变,即单数句是疑问句时, 变为复数句时,仍然是疑问句。 例1 What’s this? What are these? 例2 She likes his bike. They like their bikes. 可数名词的复数形式的部分规则 1 一般情况加s,结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 2 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。 读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes 3 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改变为i,再加-es。 读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories 4 以-o结尾的名词,有生命的加-es,无生命的加-s构成复数。 读[z]。 例:tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo→torpedoes;bingo→bingoes (有生命) 例:silo→silos; piano→pianos; photo→photos; macro→macros(无生命) 5 以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves,但有例外。 读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff→staves; scarf→scarves 反例:roof→roofs 6 以-ce se ze(d)ge等结尾的名词,加-s,读[z]。 例price—prices case—cases orange—oranges 名词的不规则变化: man→men; woman→women; child→children; people→people; fish→fish; sheep→sheep; deer→deer; foot→feet; mouse→mice; tooth→teeth; 单数句变复数句精炼 一 将下列单数句变为复数句 1 This is a book . 2 Is that a pen? 3 She is a girl . 4 I like her. 5 The book is mine. 6 This is her pen. 7 I am a teacher. 8 He is a boy student . 9 She is a woman worker. 10 He likes his bike. 二 将下列复数句变为单数句 1 What are these? 2 They like their bikes. 3 These are my books . 4 These are(some)books . 5 Are those(any)pens? 6 They are girls . 7 We like them. 8 These are(some)books . 9 Are those(any)pens? 10They like my bikes. 三 将下列名词变为复数形式 map egg apple orange pen box bus girl boy baby knife photo tomato man woman milk water desk table bike 单数句变复数句精炼答案 一 将下列单数句变为复数句 1 These are(some)books . 2 Are those(any)pens? 3 They are girls . 4 We like them. 5 The books are ours. 6 These are their pens. 7 We are(some) teachers. 8 They are(some)boy students. 9 They are(some)women workers. 10 They like their bikes. 二 将下列复数句变为单数句 1 What is this? 2 He likes his bike 3 This is my book . 4 This is a book . 5 Is that a pen? 6 She is a girl . 7 I like her. 8 This is a book .. 9 Is that a pen? 10 He likes my bike. 三 将下列名词变为复数形式 maps eggs apples oranges pens boxes buses girls boys babies knives photos tomatoes men women milk water desks tables bikes 6
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