短文改错试题的应试策略.doc

短文改错试题的应试策略
●命题趋向与应试策略
一、短文改错试题的命题趋向和试题特点
第一、短文改错试题的赋分比例有所下降 第二、短文改错试题的难度保持平稳
第三、短文改错增加了语境及逻辑错误。 第四、短文改错所考查的词类涉及广泛，分布合理。
短文改错的命题通常从以下几方面考虑：
（1）考查英语的曲折附加成分（以表现英语学科显著的特点）。
（2）学生受本族语影响容易犯的错误。
（3）估计考生可能出现的错误。
二、短文改错试题的应试策略
第一、短文改错的一般方法
在做短文改错题时，考生应从下列四个方面入手：
1.短文改错题的目的是考查考生识别错误的能力，其本质是考查考生是否正确、熟练地掌握语言基本规则。
2.要注意篇章上的错误。
3.缺词漏掉的往往是冠词、介词、连词、动词不定式符号等虚词。
4.通读全文，把握文章大意，注意第一句话的内容。
第二、短文改错的技巧
1.名词的错误规律和改正方法
（1）根据句意确定单复数
例：(NMET2000,87)She said she and my schoolmate all wished me success.
（2）根据名词前的修饰语确定单复数
例：(北京,80)No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to, although radios can be very noise.
（3）根据主谓一致确定单复数
例：(NMET 1994，82)There are branch library in many villages.
2.冠词的错误规律和改正方法
冠词的用法错误一般从以下几个方面进行判断：
（1）根据冠词的基本用法确定冠词的错误
例：(NMET2002,76)As everyone knows, it's famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
（2）根据名词前后的修饰部分确定冠词的错误
例：(NMET 1998,94)Each player must obey captain，who is the leader of the team.
（3）根据惯用法确定冠词的错误
例：(NMET2001,82)We may be one family and live under a same roof.
3.连词的错误规律和改正方法
（1)根据句型结构确定错误
例：(1994,85) In some places you may borrow as many books as you want，in other places where you are limited to a certain number.
（2）根据句意确定错误
例2：(NMET2001,84)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
（3）根据句子的逻辑关系确定错误
例3：(NMET 2002,84)The food was expensive and the service was good.
4.定语从句的错误规律和改正方法
（1）根据定语从句中的先行词确定错误
例：(MET 1993,92)However, there are still some countries there people have shorter lives.
（2）根据定语从句的谓语动词确定错误
例2： (北京春季,78)For example, when he bought a chocolate cake, he put it in a secret place where I couldn't find.
（3）根据定语从句中关系代词或关系副词所充当的成分确定错误
例3：(NMET 1997,89)I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.
（4）根据关系代词前有无介词确定错误
例4：(NMET 1994,86)In some places you may borrow as many books as you want, in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.
5.形容词和副词的错误规律和改正方法
（1）根据形容词或副词的基本用法确定错误
这类错误主要为形容词与副词混用错误，解题时应把握形容词与副词的用法区别开来：
①修饰联系动词或名词用形容词；
②修饰行为动词、形容词、过去分词及整个句子用副词。
例1：(NMET 1995,96)I'm sure we'll have a wonderfully time together.
例2：(NMET 1999,103) Unfortunate, there are too many people in my fami1y.
（2）根据形容词或副词的比较级的用法确定错误
例3：(MET 1993,88)As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past.
（3）根据句意确定错误
例4：(NMET 1997,88)First, let me tell you something more about myself.
（4）根据习惯用法确定错误
例5：(NMET 1999,100)Now I can't watch much television but a few years ago I used to watch it every night.
6.代词的错误规律和改正方法
解题时考生应细心分析每个动作的执行者，从而准确确定人称代词。
（1）根据主语确定错误
例1：(NMET 1996,90)The Smiths did his best to make me feel at home.
例2：(NMET 1998,95)And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.
（2)根据句意确定错误
例3：(NMET2000,86)The day before the speech contest (比赛)English teacher talked to me.
（3）根据代词的基本用法确定错误
例4：(NMET 1995,90)And I can't forget the good food you cooked for I.
7.动词时态的错误规律和改正方法
解题时考生应借助于特定语境、特定时间状语或特定时态的提示，正确调整时态。
(1)根据时态环境确定动词时态
例1：(NMET 1999,92)I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing.
例2：(NMET2001,79)They did not want me to do any work at home；they want me to devote all my time to my studies.
例3：(NMET2002,82)The time passes quickly.
(2)根据时间状语确定时态
例4：(MET 1992,91)Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York.
例5：(NMET 1993,82)Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.
(3)根据句意及逻辑关系确定时态
例6：(NMET 1997,86)Hello. I learn about you from my English teacher，Miss Fang.
例7：(NMET 1997,92)I use to play Ping-Pong a lot in my spare time，but now I am interested in football.
(4)根据连词的对称性原则确定时态
例8：Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
例9：(NMET2000,93)I remembered her words and calm down.
8.语态的错误规律和改正方法
考生应根据句意分析主语和动作的“执行”与“承受”关系，从而使用正确的语态。语态的错误主要是该用被动语态时却用了主动语态：
例1：(NMET 1992,93)Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.
例2：(NMET 1994,95)The librarian will write to you，and 1et you know when the book you want has returned.
9.主谓语一致错误规律和改正方法
解题时考生应认真分析主语的单复数，正确地使用动词：
例1：(NMET 1994,83)Anyone may borrow books，and it cost nothing to borrow them.
例2：(NMET2000,94)Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the 1ibrary.
10.缺少动词的错误规律和改正方法
动词缺少的现象一般出现在形容词或名词的前面，缺少的常常是系动词be。考生要注意这种现象，正确改正错误。
例1：(NMET 1997,87)I would like to your pen friend.
例2：(NMET 1997,94)What your favorite sport?
11.非谓语动词的错误规律和改正方法
(1）根据动词的基本用法确定错误：
例1：(NMET 1994,94)The 1ibrarian will write to you，and 1et you to know when the book you want has been returned.
当两个动词相连时，要特别注意检查后一个动词是否正确：
例2：(NMET 1995,83)I had always wanted return to the village after moving away.
(2）根据非谓语动词在句子中的成分确定错误
例3：(NMET2001,78)They will do all they can make sure that I get a good education.
当动词出现在句首时，要认真分析这个句子是否是祈使句，如果不是，这个动词就可能用法错误：
例4：(NMET 1998,89)Play football makes us grow up tall and strong.
例5：(NMET 1999,88)I was often a little tired after a day's work and watch TV demands very little effort.
注意介词后面的动词，介词后一般接动名词作宾语：
例6：(NMET 1995,81)I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays.
(3)根据连词的平行关系确定错误
例7：(NMET 2000北京春季,91)I'll spend all the whole weekend reading and prepare for it.
12.介词错误规律和改正方法
(1）根据介词的基本用法确定错误
例1：(NMET 1999,90)There are too many people among my fami1y.
(2）根据与副词的搭配确定错误
例2：(NMET 1998,92)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
(3）根据动词的词类确定错误
例3：(NMET2001,83)We do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
(4）根据句意确定错误
例4：(NMET98,87)We practise for three times every week.　
13.语境及逻辑错误
最近几年，短文改错题需借助语境及行文逻辑加以判断，这是由单纯考语言语法向考综合运用和综合理解的过渡，考生应认真分析文意及逻辑关系，并做到前后呼应。
(1)句意及逻辑错误
例1： (NMET2000,88)…but it didn't matter that I would win or not.
例2：(NMET2000,90)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so nervous as shook 1ike a 1eaf.
例3：(NMET2000,92)She was smiling but nodding at me.
(2)文意及逻辑错误
例1：(NMET99)Now，I can't watch much television but a few years ago. I used to watch it every night.
例2：(NMET 2001,80)They do not want me to do any work at family.
例3：(NMET2001,85)Do they really understand their own daughter? What things are in other homes，I wonder.
例4：(NMET 1995,94)Uncle Ben will also go back for Christmas.
★ NMET 1994
There is public library in every town in Britain. 81.________
There are branch library in many villages. 82.________
Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to 83.________
borrow them. In some places you may borrow many 84.________
books as you want, in other places where you 85.________
are limited to a certain number, of that some 86.________
may be novels. Books may be keep for four weeks. 87.________
Newly-published novels are always in great demand, 88.________
and some books, for example, books for history, 89.________
science, cooking and gardening are also popular . 90.________
If the book you will want is out, you may ask for It 91.________
to be called back for you, and whether you pay 92.________
the cost of send a postcard, the librarian will 93.________
write to you, and let you to know when the book you 94.________
want has returned and is ready for you to pick up. 95.________
★ NMET 2000北京春季
Dear Peter,
Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday 86._______
party on Sunday. I'd like very much come but 87._______
I had an examination on Monday morning. It is 88._______
a very important exam but I can't afford to 89._______
fail it. I'll spend all the whole weekend reading 90._______
and prepare for it. So I'm really sorry that 91._______
I won't be able to come in this time. Hope you 92._______
can understand. I'll take this chance to wish 93._______
you wonderful time on your birthday. Happy 94._______
birthday, Peter , and many happy return of the 95._______
day! Yours,
Li Ming
★ NMET 2003 北京春季
Many teachers worry about the effects of televisions on young
people. According to studies, any children spend more time 76._______
watching television than they spend in school. Because so 77._______
much viewing, children may not be develop the habit of 78._______
read and the ability to enjoy themselves. No one worries 79._______
much about the radio program young people listen to, 80._______
although radios can be very noise. Teachers also wonder about 81._______
the effects of television commercials. On one year the 82._______
average child will see 25 000 television commercials, all 83._______
planned and written by grown-ups to make children to want 84._______
things that they don’t real need. 85._______
●答案解析
76.答案：把any改为many或some
解析：此题考查代词的用法。根据复数children可确定应用many或some。any用于肯定句时，后接单数名词。
77.答案：在because后加of
解析：此题考查惯用法。because of后接名词或代词。
78.答案：去掉not 后的be
解析：此题考查动词的用法。develop是行为动词，不与动词be连用。
79.答案：把read改为reading
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。of后接动名词作宾语。
80.答案：把program改为programs
解析：此题考查名词单复数的用法。program是可数名词，要用复数形式。
81.答案：把noise改为noisy
解析：此题考查形容词的用法。be后接形容词。
82.答案：把On改为In
解析：此题考查介词的用法。表示在某年要用介词in。
83.答案：此行没错误。
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。
84.答案：去掉want前的to
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。make后接不带to的不定式作宾补。
85.答案：把real改为really
解析：此题考查副词的用法。要用副词修饰动词。

★ NMET 2002
Last week my parents and I took a two-day trip to Emei
Mountain in Sichuan.As everyone knows,it's famous 76._______
mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.The weather 77._______
was fine.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of 78._______
the mountain.The three of them were very excited.As we 79._______
climbed the mountain,we fed monkeys,visiting temples 80._______
and told stories.On the way up I was busy taking picture 81._______
since the scenery was so beautiful.The time passes quickly 82._______
Evening came down.We spent the night in a hotel at the top 83._______
of the mountain.The food was expensive and the service was 84._______
good.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my 85._______
head touched the pillow.
●答案解析
76.答案：在it's和famous之间加不定冠词a
解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。mountain是可数名词，这里是泛指，所以要加不定冠词a。
77.答案：该行无错误
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。
78.答案：在noon和we之间加when
解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。It was about noon和we arrived at the foot of the mountain都是简单句，必须用复合连词when把它们连接起来，构成时间状语从句。
79.答案：把them改为us
解析：此题考查代词的用法。这篇短文叙述了作者和他的父母亲一起去旅游，这里指的是“我们”，而不是“他们”。
80.答案：把visiting改为visited
解析：此题考查动词时态。并列连词and连接的是三个谓语：fed,visited和told。
81.答案：把picture改为pictures
解析：此题考查名词的数。picture是可数名词，从下文中since the scenery was so beautiful可以看出，作者拍了不止一张照片。所以要用复数。
82.答案：把passes改为passed
解析：此题考查动词时态。作者和他父母亲旅游的时间发生在过去（last week），所以要用一般过去时。
83.答案：划掉came后的down
解析：此题考查副词的用法。Evening came的意思是，到了夜晚。不能用came down。
84.答案：把and改为but
解析：此题考查连词的基本用法。食物贵（The food was expensive）与服务好（the service was good）之间是转折关系，不是并列关系。
85.答案：划掉asleep和the moment之间的at
解析：此题考查介词的用法。the moment (that)可以引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就”，前面不用介词at。在这个句子中，省略了that。
★ NMET 2002 北京
What should you do when your parents become angry? If your 76.______
parents got mad,try to have a conversation with them. 77.______
about it.Remembering not to shout at them.They usually 78.______
will try to change,but they will take some time because 79.______
they get angry all their life,and that is all they know.You 80.______
might have to change for your method a couple of times. 81.______
Do any nice things for your parents that they don't expect 82.______
—like cooking,doing the dishes,washing clothes,or clean 83.______
the floor.If this doesn't work,bring in friend that you 84.______
feel comfortable,and have him or her help you. 85.______
●答案解析
76.答案：该行无错
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。这是一个特殊疑问句，What should you do是主语，when your parents become angry是时间状语从句。两个句子的主谓宾（主系表）都没有错误。
77.答案：把got改为get
解析：此题考查动词时态。从短文所用的时态可以看出，这里要用一般现在时，表示经常发生的动作。
78.答案：把Remembering改为Remember
解析：此题考查动词的用法。这是一个祈使句，要用动词原形开头。
79.答案：把they改为it
解析：此题考查代词的用法。这个句子的结构是：it指代to change作主语。
80.答案：把life改为lives
解析：此题考查名词的数。life当“一生”讲时，是可数名词。物主代词是their，所以要用复数。
81.答案：划掉change与your之间的for
解析：此题考查介词的用法。change是及物动词，后面直接接宾语。
82.答案：把any改为some
解析：此题考查形容词的用法。any作形容词用于肯定句时，后接单数名词，意思是“任何的”。some后接复数名词，意思是“一些”。
83.答案：把clean改为cleaning
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。or连接三个动名词cooking,doing和cleaning作like的宾语。
84.答案：在bring in和friend之间加不定冠词a
解析：此题考查冠词的基本用法。friend是可数名词，根据下文中的him or her可以确定这里是单数，所以要加不定冠词a。
85.答案：在comfortable后面加with
解析：此题考查介词的用法。这是一个定语从句，关系代词that代替a friend在定语从句中作介词with的宾语。
★ NMET 2002北京春季
My brother Tom was very selfish when he was a little boy.
He did not want share things with other people.For 76._______
example,when he bought a chocolate cake,he put them 77._______
in a secret place where I couldn't find.Then he 78._______
ate it all,by himself.He never helped other. 79._______
He said he is busy.That is,a game of 80._______
tennis making him very busy.He did not care 81._______
if something he did made people angry.For 82._______
instance,on one night he played strong and 83._______
loudly music till four o' clock in the morning.But 84._______
he is difference now.He often helps grandma with 85._______
housework,helps mom with cooking and helps
his classmates with their lessons.
●答案解析
76.答案：在want和share之间加to
解析：此题考查动词不定式的用法。want后接to do sth.作宾语。
77.答案：把them改为it
解析：此题考查代词的用法。it指代a chocolate cake。
78.答案：把where改为which或that或划掉
解析：此题考查定语从句中关系代词的用法。place在定语从句中作find的宾语，所以不能用关系副词where。
79.答案：把other改为others
解析：此题考查代词的用法。other做代词，指代其他人，用复数形式。
80.答案：把busy前的is改为was
解析：此题考查动词时态。这是一个宾语从句，主句用了一般过去时，所以宾语从句中的谓语也要用一般过去时。
81.答案：把making改为made
解析：此题考查动词的用法。made在句子中作谓语。
82.答案：该行无错
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。if something he did made people angry作care的宾语。没有错误。
83.答案：划掉one night前的on
解析：此题考查介词的用法。one night的意思是“一天夜里”，前面不用加介词。
84.答案：把loudly改为loud
解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词做名词music的定语。
85.答案：把difference改为different
解析：此题考查形容词的用法。形容词作系动词is的表语。
★ NMET 2001
Like most of my schoolmates,I have neither brothers nor 76._______
sisters—in any other words,I am an only child.My parents 77._______
love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure 78._______
that I get a good education.They did not want me to do 79._______
any work at family; they want me to devote all my time to 80._______
my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subject.We 81._______
may be one family and live under a same roof,but we do 82._______
not seem to get much time to talk about together.It looks 83._______
as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.Do they 84._______
really understand their own daughter? What things are in 85._______
other homes,I wonder.

●答案解析
76.答案：此行无错
解析：此题考查考生鉴别正误的能力。该句结构完整。没有错误。
77.答案：划