Origin绘图教程PPT学习课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,*,数据处理与科学绘图,D,ata,Analysis&Scientific,G,raphing,1,数据分析绘图工具,Origin8.5,2,Origin,简介,OriginLab,公司的产品,最新版本为,V9.1 Pro,通用的科技绘图和数据分析软件,定位于基础级和专业级之间,国际科技出版界公认的标准作图软件,科学和工程研究人员的必备软件之一,主页：,Plot,Column,Analysis,Statistics,Image,8,Origin,的主要结构体系,(,二,),图形处理,(Graph),作图,(,类型选择,),图形属性,(,包括点、线、坐标、图例,),数据点的处理,(,如,Read,Mask),曲线的处理,曲线分析,曲线拟合,图层,(Layer),与多条曲线的操作,相关菜单：,Edit,Data,Analysis,Tools,9,Origin,的主要结构体系,(,三,),其它,函数图,排版,(Layout),共享,打印,编程,10,数据分析绘图工具,Origin 8.5,1,概述,2,数据文件的建立,3,数据的编辑,4,绘制图形,5,图形的编辑和格式化,6 Tools,工具栏的使用,7,数据分析,曲线拟合,8 Origin,图形文件的输出,11,1,概述,1.1 Origin,的主要功能,1.2,工作界面,1.3,基本操作方法,1.4 Origin,的启动和退出,1.5 Origin,文件的保存,12,1.1 Origin,的主要功能,由数据或函数作图,图形的拟合,13,由数据或函数作图,14,图形的拟合,15,1.2 Origin8.5,的工作界面（,Workspace,）,工作表窗口,子窗口,工程管理器,图形窗口,16,1.,标题栏,2.,菜单栏,3.,工具栏,工具栏的开启方法,4.,子窗口,子窗口种类,5.,工程管理器（,Project Explorer,）：,The Project Explorer is a,tool,to help you organize your Origin projects,6.,状态栏,Origin8.5,的工作界面,17,工具栏的开启方法,:,select,View,:,Toolbars,from the Origin menu bar.,When a workbook,（,Excel,）,is active,select,Window:Origin Toolbars,.,18,Toolbars dialog box,返回,19,子窗口的种类主要有：,The Worksheet Window,工作表窗口,The Excel Workbook Window,Excel,工作表窗口,The Graph Window,图形窗口,The Function Graph Window,函数图形窗口,The Layout Page Window,版面编排窗口,Attention,:,Each child window has its own menu structure,which is displayed when the window is active.,返回,20,1.,使用,菜单,中的相应命令,2.,使用,工具,按钮,3.,右击,鼠标，在弹出的快捷菜单中 选相应命令,4.,选定对象后,双击,，打开对话框,1.3,基本操作方法,21,1.Origin,的启动,桌面快捷图标,“开始”“程序”“,OriginLab”,OriginPro8.5,1.4 Origin,的启动和退出,2.Origin,的退出,方法有两种：,单击右上角的,关闭,按扭；,单击,Origin,窗口菜单的“,File”“Exit”,注意：要区分,Origin,的退出和子窗口的退出,22,Save a project,保存工程,Save a child window separately as a file,单独将子窗口作为一个文件保存,Save a template as a file,保存为模板文件,可保存的文件类型及文件扩展名,1.5 Origin,文件的保存,23,文件类型及文件扩展名（,file extension,）,Project OPJ,It cannot save as template Graph,Worksheet OGW,Template extension is OTW,Excel Workbook XLS,It cannot save as template,Layout Page OTP,It cannot save as file,Matrix OGM,Template extension is OTM,Function Graph OGG,Template extension is OTP,Notes TXT,It cannot save as template,24,Origin provides several ways to add data to the worksheet,1.Entering data using the,keyboard,.,键盘输入,2.,Importing a file,.,导入文件,3.,Pasting,data from another application using the Clipboard.,4.,Pasting,data from another(or the same)Origin worksheet using the Clipboard.,（,3,）和（,4,）是粘贴数据,5.,Using Excel Workbook Window.,打开或创建,Excel,工作表,6.,Using a function,to set column values.,用函数设置列的值,2,数据文件的建立,25,导入文件,26,27,3,数据的编辑,3.1,工作表简介,3.2,工作表的选定操作,3.3,数据的编辑修改,3.4,列的插入、删除及重排,3.5,行的插入和删除,3.6,删除工作表,3.7,格式化数据表（,Worksheet,）,28,3.1,工作表简介,The worksheet window is organized into,vertical columns,and,horizontal rows,.,工作表由垂直的列和水平的行组成,At the intersection of each column and row is a,cell,.,列与行的交叉处称为单元格,Each cell can contain a single numeric,text,numeric and text,date,or time value.,每个单元格内可包含数、文本、日期、时间等,Origin projects can,contain multiple worksheets,.,一个,Origin projects,中可以包含多个工作表,29,3.2,工作表的选定操作,1.,选定若干单元格（,Selecting Cells,）,Click-and-drag,to select the cells,.,2.,选定若干行（,Selecting Rows,）,Select the row heading,drag,the mouse,Or,Select the row heading,Click+SHIFT,key,3.,选相邻的列（,Selecting Adjacent Columns,）,Select the first column heading,Click-and-drag,Or Select the column heading,Click+SHIFT,key,4.,选不相邻的列（,Selecting Nonadjacent Columns,）,Select the column heading,+CTRL,key,30,1.,数据的修改,To change a value,select the cell and type the correct value.(Origin automatically overwrites the value in the cell),替换单元格中的数据，点击该单元格，输入新的值,To edit a cell value,press F2 or click at the desired position,修改单元格中的数据，点击该单元格后，在拟修改的位置单击鼠标,Delete:Delete one value to the right of the cursor,or delete all highlighted values.,3.3,数据的编辑修改,31,2.,在列中插入数据,（,Inserting Data within a Column,）,To insert a cell in a column,select the cell,that is directly below where you want to insert the new cell.,选定拟插入新单元格下方的单元格,Then,select,Edit:Insert,or right-click select,Insert,from the shortcut menu.,执行,编辑,菜单中的,插入,命令,The new cell inserts above the selected cell.,新单元格将插在所选定单元格的上方,To insert Row number in a column,Select the,Column,to F,ill Colum with,Row Numbers,在列中输入相应的行号，执行菜单命令,Column,F,ill Colum with,Row Numbers,或者,32,Function,and,mathematical operator can insert data into a column,用函数和数学计算可以实现对列输入数据。选择菜单命令,【Column】【Set Column Values】,，或者单击,33,3.,删除数据（,Deleting Data,）,To clear the entire contents of a worksheet,select,Edit:,Clear Worksheet,.,删除整个工作表中的内容,To delete the contents of a range of cells from the worksheet,select,Edit:,Clear,.,删除单元格或单元格区域中的内容，格子保留,To delete a range of cells from the worksheet,select,Edit:,Delete,.,内容和单元格同时删除,Attention:,Delete,(1)The,Edit:Delete,deletes a selected values and cells,(2)The,keyboard:Delete,deletes the worksheet values only.,34,3.4,列的插入、删除和重排,Adding Columns,：,增加列,Perform one of the following operations:,Select,Column:Add New Columns,.,Click the,Add New Columns button,on the Standard toolbar.,Right-click,inside the worksheet window but to the right of the worksheet grid.Select,Add New Column,from the shortcut menu.,Inserting Columns,：,插入列,Select,Edit:Insert,Right-click,select,Insert,from the shortcut menu.,Deleting Columns,：,删除列,Select,Edit:Delete,Right-click,select,Delete,.,Note:,To clear the column values but remain the columns,select,Edit:Clear,.,Moving Columns,：,移动列,Select,Column:Move to First.Column:Move to Last,.,先选定后操作,35,3.5,行的插入和删除,Inserting Rows,：,插入行,select,Edit:,Insert,or,right-click,and select,Insert,Deleting Rows,：,删除行,Edit:,Delete,or,right-click,and select,Delete,.,先选定后操作,36,3.6,删除工作表,（,Deleting a Worksheet from a Project,）,To delete a worksheet from the project,perform one of the following operations:,Click the,Close Window button,in the upper-right corner of the worksheet.,点击工作表右上方的关闭窗口按扭,Right-click,on the worksheet window icon in,Project Explorer,and select,Delete Window,from the shortcut menu.,在工程管理器中右击工作表图标，在快捷菜单中选,Delete Window,Click on the worksheet window icon,in Project Explorer and then press,Delete.,在工程管理器中点击工作表图标，按,Delete,键,37,作用：,1.,改变列的名称（,Column Name,）,2.,改变列的标识（,Plot Designation,）,3.,改变数据的类型（,Display,）,4.,改变数的格式（,Format,）,5.,改变数的显示格式（,Numeric,Display,）,6.,改变列宽（,Column Width,）,7.,为列标签添加说明（,Column Label,）,3.7,数据表的格式化,方法：,双击工作表的列标签,打开,Worksheet Column Format,Double click,38,5.,改变数的显示格式,（,Numeric Display,）,4.,改变数的格式,（,Format,）,十进制格式,科学记数格式,工程记数格式,有千位分隔符的十进制格式,默认的十进制显示数据,设置小数点的位置,设置有效数字的位数,39,4,绘制图形,4.1,图形窗口中的基本术语,4.2,绘图的方法,40,4.1,图形窗口中的基本术语,Page,:Each graph window contains a single editable page.The page serves as a backdrop,页,Layer,:A movable,sizeable unit,层,Frame,:The frame is a rectangular box,框架,Graph,:A graph includes at least three elements:,图,a set of X,Y,Z coordinate axes,one or more data plots,associated text and graphic labels,.,Data Plot,:The data plot is the visual display of one or more datasets in a graph window.,数据点,41,4.2,绘图的方法,1.,数据表窗口激活时绘图的方法,2.,图形窗口激活时绘图的方法,3.,在同一张图上绘制多条线,4.,绘制双横纵坐标图,42,1.,数据表窗口激活时绘图的方法,选定列或数据范围,select,Plot:Graph,自动画出图形,43,基本的二维图形,线图,点图,点线图,多条曲线,其它二维图形,44,45,2.,图形窗口激活时绘图的方法,Adding data using the Layer n dialog box.,用,层对话框,在图形窗口中添加数据,右击层标识,This method respects the worksheet column plotting designations.,Adding data using the Select Columns for Plotting dialog box.,用,绘图对话框,通过选择数据列在图形窗口中添加数据,右击层标识,This method allows you to disregard worksheet column plotting designations.,Adding selected data from the previously active worksheet.,将已经激活的数据表中所选定的数据添加到图形中,Dragging data from the worksheet to the graph.,从工作表中拖数据到图形中,Creating data plots using the Draw Data tool.,用,绘制数据工具,在图形窗口中建立新的数据点（点击,Draw Data tool,后在图形界面需要绘制点的位置双击）,46,47,48,49,Draw data,50,3.,在同一张图上绘制多条线,方法,1,：在数据表中同时选定多列数据，然后点击相应的图形工具。,方法,2,：先选定图形，打开绘图对话框,Select Columns Plotting,对话框 进行,X,、,Y,等数据的设定。,方法,3,：在已有的图上添加曲线,51,52,4.,绘制双横纵坐标图,方法,1,：在数据表中同时选定绘图所需数据，然后点击双横纵坐标图形工具。,方法,2,：在单坐标图上通过,加层,（,Layer,）的方法添加横坐标和（或）纵坐标。,53,54,在单坐标图上加层的方法：选择,Graph:New Layer,55,5.,在同一页面上绘制多张图,方法,：,在,Graph,菜单中选定,Merge all Graph Windows,对话框,确定行数和列数，然后确定图形在页面中的位置,56,图形观察及数据读取,Draw data,data selector,Data reader,Screen reader,Zoom Out,Zoom In,57,Tools,工具的功能,Arrow Tool,（箭头工具）,Line Tool,（线工具）,Curved Arrow Tool,（弯型箭头工具）,Text Tool,（文本工具）,Box Tool,（画框工具）,Circle Tool,（画圆工具）,Screen Reader,（屏幕读数）,Data Reader,（显示数据）,Data Selector,（数据选择）,Draw Data,（画数据点）,58,59,60,61,在工作表窗口内选中要缩放的曲线所对应的数列。,单击“,2D Graphs Extend”,工具栏上的“,Zoom”,命令,用鼠标移动矩形框,62,屏蔽工具,The Mask toolbar(,View:Toolbars,)allows you to exclude ranges of data or individual data points from analysis.It is most useful if you want to analyze only a specific section of your data,or if you have erroneous data points that you do not want included in your analysis.The Mask toolbar is available for both worksheet and graph windows.,63,在工作表中选取要屏蔽的数据单元格，单击“,Mask Range”,按钮 ，单击“,Disable/Enable Masking”,按钮 ，屏蔽功能有效或失效。,屏蔽图形中某点数据单击”,Mask Point Toggle“,按钮 ，激活数据点读取工具，在图形中双击想要屏蔽的数据点，重复上述方法可解除对已屏蔽数据点的屏蔽。,屏蔽图形中某段数据单击“,Mask Range”,按钮，用,Ctrl+,方向键，按回车键。解除方法为单击“,Unmask Range”,。,“,Swap Mask”,按钮 的功能是解除屏蔽数据。,“,Hide/Show Mask Point”,按钮 使已屏蔽的数据重新显示。,64,数据菜单,65,5,图形的编辑和格式化,1.,坐标轴的格式化,2.,坐标说明文本的格式化,3.,数据点和线的格式化,4.,添加文本框,66,坐标的格式化：通过,以下方法之一,打开,坐标格式化对话框,1.,双击坐标轴,2.,右击坐标轴快捷菜单中选相应命令,3.,选,Format,菜单中的相应命令,67,坐标格式化对话框,由红箭头所指处，可以直观了解该选项的内容,68,69,坐标说明文本的格式化：用下述,方法之一,打开,文本控制对话框,1,.,右击坐标说明文本快捷菜单中选相应命令,2.,选,Format,菜单中的相应命令,70,坐标说明文本控制对话框,用于输入希腊字母,71,数据点和线的格式化：用下述,方法之一,打开,绘图细节对话框,1.,双击点或线,2.,右击点或线快捷菜单中选相应命令,3.,选,Format,菜单中的相应命令,72,绘图细节对话框,绘图类型,线,点,分度线,73,多层图形的绘制,74,图层,(Layer),的基本概念,什么图层,由一组坐标轴组成的对象,图层的选择,点击图层标记可选择具体的图层,选定后所有的操作将对当前图层进行,使用,View Show Layer Icons,隐藏,为什么要多图层,在同一图形窗口绘制多个图形,用不同单位显示同一组数据,75,图层细节,Layer Properties,76,多层图图形模板,图层模板库,77,左右对开,上下对开,78,四屏图,79,自定义多层模板,80,排列和定制图层,方法：,在,Edit,菜单中选定,Add&Arrange Layers,对话框,确定行数和列数，然后确定图形在页面中的位置,81,选择,Edit,Add&Arrange Layers-,将行数改为,2-OK,选中,Layer3,，右键单击图形页面外的灰色区域,-New Layer,(linked):Right Y,82,在新图层中添加数据,右键单击（,or,左键双击）绘图窗口左上角的,Layer3-Layer Contents,83,关联坐标轴,目的：关联各图层,Layer Properties,（或者选中操作的窗口双击）,-Link Axes Scale-“X axes Link,内选择“,Straight,（,1 to 1,）”,84,定制图例（,Legend,）,图形中曲线进行说明的部分。,通过使用内嵌的文本格式开关“,L,（）”确定图例中数据曲线的线形。,右键单击“,Potential 2,（,mv,）”,-Properties-Text control,85,单图层数据提取,从图形窗口中的单图层中提取数据，绘制在不同的图层。,打开一个由多组数据的曲线图单图层窗口,单击绘图工具栏中提起按钮，打开,Total Number of Layers,86,图轴的绘制,87,在,2D,图形坐标插入断点,双击图形窗口需要设置断点的坐标轴,-Axis-Break,选中“,Show Break”-From x1 to x2,设置断点的起止位置。,88,调整坐标轴的位置,89,90,分类数据图,分类数据图是将不同种类的数据或非数值数据用图形进行表示。,91,选取前两列的数据，点击,PlotScatter,绘制散点图，,双击数据点，对数据点选择合适的分类标准，在,Symbol,选项卡中，点击,SymbolColor,的下拉菜单，选择,IndexingCol(Gender)，,根据性别,Gender,来填充数据点的颜色。,在,Symbol,选项卡中，点击勾选,CostumConstruction,，在,Shape,选项中，选择,Col(Drug),，根据药物种类绘制数据点的形状。,删除原图例，然后,在坐标轴范围内点击鼠标右键，然后在弹出的菜单里选择,EnhancedLegend,。,例题,:Graphing,文件夹中,Categorical Data.dat,文件数据,92,绘制二维瀑布,(Waterfall),图,二维瀑布图将多条曲线在单个图层上按前后顺序排列并将它们向右上方做适当的错位，以便清晰地显示各曲线细微差别，特别适合绘制多条包含多个峰又极其相似的曲线图形。,数据要求,:,包含多个数值型,Y,列。,例题,:Graphing,文件夹中,Waterfall.dat,文件数据,选中,n,个,Y,列,(,也可以选中所有,Y,列,),。,单击菜单命令,【Plot】【Multi-Curve】【Waterfall】,或,2D Graphs,工具栏的,【Waterfall】,按钮,93,94,绘制含数据标签,(Label),图,如果需要在图形数据上加注标签,(,如数值或其他标识等,),，则需要绘制含数据标签图形。,数据要求,:,用于作图的数据包含,Y,列。,绘图步骤：,选中某列将其设置为,Y,列,选中,X,、,Y,两列，做出理想的图形；,双击数据点，打开,Plot details Label tick Enable,95,绘制,Y,对,Y,图,利用,Origin,内置的图形模板绘图时，只能绘制,Y,列对,X,列,(,无,X,列时则对行序号,),的图形，不能绘制,Y,列对,Y,列的图形，而利用,【Plot Setup】,则可以绘制任意,Y,列对,Y,列的图形。,数据准备如下：,创建一个包含三个列（,XYY,）的工作表。,96,绘图步骤如下：,打开,【Plot Setup】,对话框，将,【Plot Type】,设为,Line,。,将曲线,1,设置为,A(X)-B(Y),，然后单击,【Add】,按钮。,依次将曲线,2,和,3,设为,A(X)-C(Y),和,B(X)-C(Y),井添加到列表框，设置完成后的列表框如图,勾选,【Rescale】,，然后单击,【OK】,按钮，绘制完成,。,97,数据处理与统计,98,Simple Math,Performing Math Operations,To perform a math operation on or between two data sets,select,Analysis:Simple Math,.This menu command opens the Math on/between Dataset dialog box.Note that the,Analysis:Simple Math,menu command is only available when a graph window is active.When the worksheet is active,similar results can be obtained by selecting,Column:Set Column Values,.,99,100,多条曲线平均,Averaging Multiple Curves,To calculate the average Y value for all data plots in the active layer at each X coordinate of the active data plot,select,Analysis:Average Multiple Curves,.The result is saved as a new data set(in a new Average#hidden worksheet)and plotted in the active layer.,101,数据平滑,102,插值和外推,To interpolate or extrapolate between the data points of the active data plot,select,Analysis:Inter/Extrapolate,.This menu command is only available when a graph is active.The menu command opens the Make Interpolated Curve from,Dataset,dialog box,.,103,104,由特定,X,列插值,/,外推,示例准备如下。,导入,Mathematics,文件夹中的,Interpolation.dat,文件数据。,将,C,列类型设置为,X(,也可不设置,),插值,/,外推步骤如下。,设置,Interpolation,工作簿为活动窗口，并选中,B,列。,单击菜单命令,【Analysis】【Mathematics】【Interpolate/Extrapolate Y form X】,打开,【Mathematics:interpl】,对话框。,105,单击位于,【X Values to Interpolate】,右端的子菜单按钮，然后选择,C(Y),，,106,选择插值,/,外推方法，并设定重计算模式。,最后单击,【OK】,按钮应用插值，,107,108,统计分析,109,直方统计图,1 Highlight column B and create a histogram plot using,Plot-StatisticalGraphs-Histogram,from the menu.,2 Right-click on the graph window and select Plot Details,from the menu.,3 Click on the,Data,tab and choose Normal from the,drop-down list for,Curve Type,text box.Click OK.,110,111,方框统计图,Creating Box Charts,To create a box chart,highlight one or more Y worksheet columns(or a range from one or more Y columns)and select,Plot:Statistical Graphs:Box Chart,.,112,Customizing the Box Chart,To customize the box chart display,double-click on the box chart,or right-click and select,Plot Details,.,113,打开,Plot Details,Group:,去掉对“,Border Color”,复选框的选定，则各方框颜色相同,Pattern,：把”,border“,组内的”,Color“,设为红色，把”,Fill“,组内的设为,Light Gray,Line,：把”,Color“,设为,Black,114,QC,控制图,QC charts are used to study the fluctuation of data in a continuous process.To create a QC chart,highlight at least one column of values(or a range from at least one column)and select,Plot:Statistical Graphs:QC(X bar R)Chart,.,115,116,117,7,数据分析,曲线拟合,在图形窗口下进行拟合,的方法：,选菜单,Analysis,线性拟合,y=A+Bx,多项式拟合,y=A+B,1,x+B,2,x,2,+,指数衰减拟合,指数增长拟合,y=y,0,+A e,x/t,也称,Boltzman,拟合,高斯拟合,洛沦兹拟合,多峰拟合,非线性曲线拟合,y=y,0,+A,1,e,-x/t1,y=y,0,+A,1,e,-x/t1,+A,2,e,-x/t 2,y=y,0,+A,1,e,-x/t1,+A,2,e,-x/t 2,+A,3,e,-x/t 3,118,线性拟合结果中各参数的含义,A:Intercept value and its standard error.,截距值及它的标准误差,B:Slope value and its standard error.,斜率值及它的标准误差,R:Correlation coefficient.,相关系数,p:value-Probability(that R is zero).,R=0,的概率,N:Number of data points.,数据点个数,SD:Standard deviation of the fit.,拟合的标准偏差,119,多项式拟合,120,S,曲线拟合,121,非线性拟合向导,122,自定义拟合函数,选择菜单命令,Analysis-Non-linear Curve Fit-Advanced Fitting TooL-Function-New,123,124,125,8 Origin,图形文件的输出,设置复制后页面的比率,方法：选,Tools,菜单中的,Options,，打开对话框,设置图形尺寸,方法：选,Format,菜单中的,Page,，打开对话框,复制图形,方法：选,Edit,菜单中的,Copy Page,在其它应用程序中,粘贴,126,选项对话框（,Options,）,127,页面对话框（,Page,）,尺寸,END,128,9 Origin,综合应用举例,二维多轴系图绘制举例,129,1)Select columns B,C and create a scatter plot.,2)Double-click on the X-axis to open the axis dialog box;,Click on the Scale tab and set the scale from-20 to 20.Set Rescale to Manual.Select the Vertical icon on the left panel(for the Y axis)and set the scale from 0 to 16.Set rescale to Manual.Click OK.,3)Double-click on the Y-axis.Select the Grid Lines tab,make,the Horizontal icon in the Selection box is selected,and check X=0.Select the Vertical icon in the Selection box and under Additional Lines,ch