动词不定式用法知识树.doc

初中英语动词不定式用法知识树
一、 定义（to+动词原形，有时可省略to）
二、 用法
（一）具备名词的特征：
1.在句中作主语。如：To study English well is important .或
It’s important to study English well .
2.在句中作表语。如：
3.在句中作宾语。常跟在动词：hope,learn , start , begin , want , wish , help , would like , refuse , fail , manage , try 等后面作宾语。
4.在句中作宾语补足语。
A.to do 作宾语补足语。
ask sb. to do sth.
tell sb. to do sth .
advise sb. to do sth .
need / require sb. to do sth .
encourage sb. to do sth
expect / wish sb. to do sth .
take sb. to do sth.
B.省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。
（顺口溜帮助记忆：一感二听三让四看）
a. feel sb. do sth.
b. listen to sb do sth.
hear sb do sth .
c. make sb. do sth
let sb. do sth.
have sb. do sth
d. see sb do sth
watch sb. do sth
notice sb. do sth
look at sb do sth.
C. to 省略
help sb (to) do sth .
（二）具备形容词的特征：在句中做后置定语。如：I have no close friends to talk to .
（三）具备副词的特征：在句中做目的状语。如：I came here to study .
原因状语。如： I’m excited to hear the news .
三、疑问词（除了why）+动词不定式一起作宾语。如：I don’t know how to deal with my problems .