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英语的时态及词形变化讲解
一般将来时
概念:一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, next week, next month等。
一般将来时的动词结构是:be going to +动词原形 (打算做某事)
或will+动词原形(将要做某事)
打算去某地用:be going to +地点
Be going to 和will的区别:
Be going to 和will在这里都属于助动词,与动词原形一起表示将来时态。Be going to侧重于主观判断,有计划、打算之意,有时也表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事,如:I think it is going to rain. 而will则多用于客观的情况,及客观上将要发生的事情,表示 “将要”。Be going to的be 动词随主语变化而变化,而will,不论哪个人称,均不变。
遇到表示位置移动的词,如come, go, leave(离开) 等的词,常用现在进行时表示将来时。如:
Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。
句子举例:
肯定句:I’m going to work. We will have a test next week.
否定句:I’m not going to work. We will not (won’t) have a test next week.
一般疑问句:Are you going to work ? Will you have a test next week ?
一般现在时
概念:(1)表示一般的情况,表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.
(2)表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与时间副词连用,如always, usually, often, every… on Sundays 等。
(3)表示客观真理。如:The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
一般现在时态中的动词形式:
当主语时第三人称单数的时候,动词用其第三人称单数形式,主语不是第三人称单数时,动词都用其原形。
动词第三人称单数的变法:
(1) 直接在动词后加s,如: dance—dances,live-lives,run—runs.
(2) 以s, x, ch, sh, o结尾的动词,末尾加es.如:do—does,watch—watches,teach—teaches,wash—washes,go-goes.
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,把y变为I,再加es.如:study-studies,fly-flies,carry—carries.
(4) 特殊的,只有一个,have—has.
句型转换句例:
He is friendly. Is he friendly? Yes,he is ./No, he isn’t.
Mike can do kung fu . Can Mike do kung fu ? Yes, he can ./ No,he can’t.
We like singing. Do you like singing ? Yes, we do./ No, we don’t.
Amy often gets up at 6:00. Does Amy often get up at 6:00?
Yes,he does./No , he doesn’t. When does Amy often get up ?
现在进行时
概念:表示正在发生的事情或进行的动作,常与now, listen, look等词连用,其结构是主语+ be 动词(am ,is, are)+ 动词ing.如: It is raining now.
动词的现在分词的变法:
(1) 直接在动词末尾加ing, 如:sing—singing,play—playing.
(2) 以不发音的e 结尾的动词,去e ,然后加ing. 如:take—taking, dance—dancing,make—making.
(3) 重读闭音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母的,双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ing.如: swim—swimming, shop—shopping, get—getting, put—putting, sit—sitting, run—running, cut—cutting.
(4) 以ie 结尾的动词,把ie 变为y ,再加ing.如: lie(躺)—lying.
句型转换举例:
They are cleaning the classroom.
They aren’t cleaning the classroom.
Are they cleaning the classroom? Yes,they are./ No, they aren’t.
What is she doing ? She is listening to music.
可数名词复数的变法
(1) 直接在名词后加s, 如:orange—oranges,photo—photos.
(2) 以s, x ,ch, sh 结尾的名词,在词尾加es,如:bus—buses,glass—glasses, box—boxes,fox—foxes,watch(手表)—watches,peach—peaches. 以o 结尾的名词,学过的只有tomato 和potato加es,其余都加s.
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的,把y变为i,再加es,如:study(书房)—studies,hobby—hobbies,library—libraries, city—cities,,candy—candies.
区分: boy—boys, monkey—monkeys, key—keys.
(4) 以f或fe 结尾的,把f或fe变为v,再加es. 如:knife—knives,leaf—leaves.
(5) 不规则的:
man—men , woman—women, child—children, foot—feet, mouse—mice, people—people, deer—deer, fish—fish, goose—geese.
月份单词及缩写:
January Jan. 1月 February Feb. 2月 March Mar. 3月
April Apr. 4月 May May 5月 June Jun.6月
July Jul. 7月 August Aug.8月 September Sep. 9月
October Oct. 10月 November Nov. 11月 December Dec. 12月
星期单词及缩写:
Monday ( Mon.) Tuesday( Tues.)Wednesday (Wed.)
Thursday (Thur.) Friday (Fri.) Saturday (Sat.)
Sunday (Sun.)
基数词和序数词:
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve,
first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth,
thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty
thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth nineteenth twentieth
thirty, forty, fifty sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, a hundred, thousand,
thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,seventieth,eightieth,ninetieth, hundredth, thousandth,
人称代词和物主代词
我
你
他
她
它
我们
你们
他(她,她)们
人称
代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
我的
你的,你们的
他的
她的
它的
我们的
你们的
他(她,她)们的
物主
代词
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性物主代词
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
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