牛津译林版必修一语法定语从句介词+关系代词导学案.doc

介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
Step1:复习回顾
定语从句(attributive clauses)通常由关系代词或关系副词引出。常见的关系代词有: __________(指物), ____________(既可指人又可指物), _______指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语), _________(指人，在定语从句中作宾语),_______(指人或物，作定语)等。关系副词有:________(指时间), _________(指地点), _________(指原因)等。
Step 2 : task 1观察总结：
①:关系副词 when 的用法：
1.I will never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2..do you remember the afternoon when(=on which) we first met.
探究总结1:
when 先行词为表_______的名词,在从句中做____（成分），相当于“______等介词+_____”
②:关系副词where的用法
1. The school where (at which) they are studying is not far from here.
2.I recently went to the town where(=in which) I was born.
探究总结2：
where先行词为表______的名词,在从句中做_____（成分），相当于“______等介词+_____”
③关系副词why的用法
1. The reason why(= for which) he was late was that he missed his train.
2. I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(=for which) I left.
探究总结3：
Why先行词是_______，在从句中做_______（成分），相当于“______+__________”
Step3介词+关系代词概述
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式问题，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which, 即介词+which/whom.常有以下几种结构：
(1) 介词+关系代词
Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
= Mandela was the black lawyer whom I went to for advice.
(2) 名词，代词，数词+介词+关系代词
Last Sunday I bought some books from bookstore, three of which were English novels.
= Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.
He wrote a book, the name of which I've completely forgotten.
The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.
(3) 形容词最高级+介词+关系代词
China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.
(4) 介词+关系代词+名词
I called him by the wrong name, for which mistake I apologized.
Step4介词的选择，该结构主要从以下几方面考虑。
(1) 从先行词跟介词的搭配出发
I 'll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.(把the day带入从句后，加on 才成立，即we worked together on the day in the countryside)
The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. (through which即through the hole)
(2)从定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求出发
Do you know the girl _____ whom the man talked just now?
(talk后用to, with还是about,则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或to比较好）
The two things of which they felt pound were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.
（3）根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词
In front of the house Tom is planting a trede, under which he will be able to sit and read some day.
特别提示
(1) 如果含有介词的动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。常见的这类动词有：listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, look into, break into, get rid of, take part in , make use of, take/catch hold of, catch up with, get along with, look forward to……
The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy.
巩固练习：介词如何选
1.Do you like the book _______________ she spent $10?
2.Do you like the book _______________ she paid $10?
3.Do you like the book _______________ she learned a lot?
4.Do you like the book _______________ she often talks?
5.I have a pair of glasses, __________ ___________ I can’t see anything.
6.China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ____________is the Yellow River.
本句中of 表___________________
7.This is the car ___________ I paid $100 .
8. This is the car ___________ I spent $100
9. This is the car ___________ I go to work every day.
10. This is the car ___________ I can’t go to work.
11. This is the car ___________ the old man was knocked down.
12. This is the car ___________ a boy threw a stone.
13. This is the car ___________ we talked.
14. This is the car ___________ the window was broken.
15.Daniel is the person ______________ I talked just now.
______________ I worked together.
______________ I learned the news.
下面句子中，介词能提前吗？
Is this the watch that you are looking for?
The old man whom I am looking after is better.
Step5特殊句型：
★（1）"介词+关系代词"后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
He has a knife with which to defend himself. = He has a knife with which he can defend himself.
★先行词way后定语从句
当先行词是way，意为“方法，方式”时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。
I don't understand the way in which/that/- they worked out the problem.
试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同
The way that/which /-he explained to us was not difficult to understand. ( 关系代词that/which在从句中作宾语）
The way that/in which he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way）
典例
I will tell you the way _____ you can study English well, because I know the way ____ you have accepted is not the best.
A. how; how B. that; that C. which; which D. in which; in which
★whose指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。
There are some people whose faces you can never forget.
I saw some trees whose leaves were black because of the polluted air.
在正式书面英语中，可用of which 或of whom 来代替whose，但要注意定冠词的使用
In my class there are 50 students, the backgrounds of whom are different.
=whose backgrounds are different.
I have a pencil-box, the cover of which is red.
=whose cover is red.
★当先行词为one of +复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；the only/very one +复数名词是，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
（1）He is one of the students who have made great progress.
(2) He is the only one of the students who has great progress.
Step5 当堂训练 （句型转换 ）
1). The reason why I got a job was that I worked hard.
The reason_______ _________ I got a job was that I worked hard.
2). A booking-office is a place where tickets are sold.
A booking-office is a place________ ________ tickets are sold.
3). He was told me the day when he comes back.
He was told me the day ______ ________ he comes back.
4) The way in which you answered the question are admirable.
The way ______/ ________you answered the question are admirable.
课后检测
The buses, ______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most
2. There are two buildings , ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high .
A. the larger B. the larger of them
C. the larger one that D. the larger of which
3. Recently my father bought a Chinese painting, ______ was very reasonable.
A. the price of whose B. which price
C. the price of which D. it price
4. The building beyond the river is a gym, ______ is a large square, where all kinds of concerts are usually held.
A. in the south of which B. where C. to the south of it D. south of which
5. They have started an investigation, _______are being kept secret.
A. the details of which B. which details C. the details D. the details of that
1. The man ______ has gone to Japan.
A. whom I told you B. that I told you
C. whom I told you about him D. I told you about
2. The doctor ______ is going to Europe next year.
A. which the manager is talking to B. who the manager is talking
C. the manager is talking to him D. the manager is talking to
3. He is ______ everyone respects.
A. the person B. the one which C. whom D. who
4. Do you know the man ______ just now?
A. to who I nodded B. I nodded to C. whom I nodded D. Whom I nodded to him.
5. The doctor ______ is leaving for Africa next month.
A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking
C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking
1. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.
A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom
2. The doctor ______ she sent her friend is very famous.
A. to whom B. to whose C. whom D. at whom
3. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.
A. who B. about whom　 C. whom D. with whom
1. Pass me the book ______ cover is red.
A. which B. whose C. what D. that
2. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.
A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose
3. The girl ______ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.
A. who B. whom C. that D. whose
4. It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.
A. which B. of which C. that D. whose